Mining
Varekha Zh.P., Khasen B.P., Lis S.N. Technical solutions for increasing efficiency of methane extraction from low-gas-permeable coal strata
Title | Technical solutions for increasing efficiency of methane extraction from low-gas-permeable coal strata |
Authors | Varekha Zh.P., Khasen B.P., Lis S.N. |
Author´s information | Institute of problems for complex development of mineral resources, Karaganda Varekha Zh.P., Cand Tech. Sci, head of lab Khasen B.P., Cand Tech.Sci, head of the Institute Lis S.N.,senior scientific worker, snlis@yandex.kz |
Summary | For methane extraction from the Karaganda coals authors develop technology of wells torpedoing which allows to multiply many times gas output from the well. Coal strata of the Karaganda basin are low-gas-permeable and for extraction of methane the technogenic influence on these strata is required. The most widespread in the Karaganda basin technology of influence on a stratum with the purpose of its gas recovery stimulation – hydraulic fracturing has a number of deficiencies and is not effective for industrial extraction of methane. The principle of “coal-gas (fluid)” system destruction on molecular and permolecular level is put in a basis of the method of an intensification of gas emission, which is offered in given work. Detonation of explosives charge in a well drilled through a stratum or near to a stratum causes a shock wave after which there evacuation wave follows. The increase of pressure at a coal stratum causes the intense-deformed state in it, and the subsequent sharp dump of pressure leads to “coal-gas” system destruction and to emission of free methane. The main point of this technology consists in thermodynamic disbalance of system “coal – methane” with emission of free methane and formation of fluid-conducting channels in coal rock, as a result of detonation of explosives charge in a well. Periodic detonation of explosives charges will promote generation and spreading of waves of tension and evacuation and formation of various systems of cracks in a coal-rock massif. The developed technology is protected by the invention patent. Application of the developed technology for commercial extraction of methane from low-permeable coal massif will allow to lower expenses and to reduce duration of coal stratum preparation to intensification of methane recovery. |
Key words | methane, gas recovery, coal stratum permeability, stratum hydraulic fracturing, wells torpedoing. |
References | Puchkov L.A., Slastunov S.V., Kolikov K.S. Izvlechenie metana iz ugol’nykh plastov (Extraction of methane from coal-beds) Moscow: Moscow state university, 2002. 384.(in Russ.) Puchkov L.A., Slastunov S.V., Prezent G.M., Bajmukhametov S.K. Ugol’nyj metan – nekotorye problemy i napravleniya ikh resheniya (Coal methane – some problems and directions of their decision). Ugol’=Coal, 2003. 12. 43-48. (in Russ.) Demchenko A.G. Degazatsiya ugol’nykh plastov i provedenie dorazvedki ugol’nykh plastov metodom napravlennogo bureniya (Degassing of coal-beds and detail exploration of coal-beds by directed drilling method). Ugol’=Coal, 2008. 3. 60-65. (in Russ.) Pat. 26648 RK. Sposob izvlecheniya metana iz ugol’nogo plasta (Method of methane extraction from coal-bed) Varekha Zh.P., Khassen B.P.; opubl. 25.12.2002, 12. 4. (in Russ.) Krivosheev V.O. Opyt torpedirovaniya gazodrenazhnykh skvazhin s tsel’yu uvelicheniya ikh debita (Experience torpedoing gas-drainage wells to increase their yield) Degazatsiya ugol’nykh plastov: Trudy Vsesoyuznogo nauchno-tekhnich. soveshch. (Degassing of coal-beds. Materials of all-union science-technical conference) Moscow: Gosgortekhizdat. 1961. 149–154 (in Russ.) Alidzaev E.D., Deev Yu.V. K voprosu degazatsii nerazgruzhennykh ugol’nykh plastov skvazhinami v usloviyakh shakht Donbassa (On question of degassing of undischarged coal-beds by drillholes in condition of Donets Basin shafts). Voprosy bezopasnosti v ugol’nykh shakhtakh (Safety questions in coal mine). Trudy MakNII. Moscow: Nedra. 1984. 18. 110-115 (in Russ.); Morev A.M. Raboty MakNII v oblasti degazatsii za 1960 – 64 gg. (Materials of Mak scientific-research institute from 1960 till 1964.) Degazatsiya ugol’nykh plastov na shakhtakh SSSR (Degassing of coal-beds on shafts of the USSR). Mater. Vsesoyuznogo soveshch. po degazatsii ugol’nykh plastov na shakhtakh SSSR. (Materials of national conference on degassing of coal-beds on shafts of the USSR) Moscow: Nedra, 1966. 17-22. (in Russ.) Pat. 6280000 USA. Metody dobychi gaza iz ugol’nykh plastov pri ispol’zovanii peresekayushchikhsya skvazhin. (Methods of gas production from coal-beds by using crossed holes). Zupanick J.A.; opubl. 28.08.2001. (in Russ.) |
Minerals benefication
Mukhanova A.A., Tussupbayev N.K., Syemushkina L.V., Turysbekov D.K. Application of the modified reagents at flotation of lead-zinc ores of Shalkiya deposit
Title | Application of the modified reagents at flotation of lead-zinc ores of Shalkiya deposit |
Authors | Mukhanova A.A., Tussupbayev N.K., Syemushkina L.V., Turysbekov D.K. |
Author´s information |
“Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication” JSC, lab of flotation reagents and benefication, Аlmaty Mukhanova A.A., scientific worker, ainura-muhanova@mail.ru Tussupbayev N.K., Dr. Tech. Sci, head of lab Syemushkina L.V.,Cand Tech. Sci, leading scientific worker, syomushkina.lara@mail.ru Turysbekov D.K.,Cand Tech.Sci, senior scientific worker |
Summary | Results of studies of Shalkiya deposits’ lead-zinc ore flotation with using of regrinding and modified reagent are shown. The lead concentrate with Pb content of 49.5 % at extraction of 57.4 %, and the zinc concentrate with Zn content of 56.9 % at extraction 66.84 % were obtained due to application of regrinding of intermediate products and non-polar reagent – kerosene using. Application of kerosene improves the flotation of valuable components of the slime particles leading to Pb and Zn extraction increasing to about by 2- 3 %. A new non-polar reagent is suggested to substitute the kerosene. It is emulsified mixture of diesel fuel and oil of Kumkol deposit at their optimal ratio of 1 : 1. This reagent together with the regrinding of products of benefication can intensify the process of flotation of slime mineral particles improving the characteristics of benefication of Shalkiya ore on lead and zinc. Due to using regrinding and modified reagent it is possible to improve the extraction of lead in concentrate to 16.6 %. The content of lead in Pb concentrate increased from 39.9 up to 51.3 %. In the zinc cycle recovery of zinc into Zn concentrates increased by 17.24 %. The content of zinc in zinc concentrates increases from 41.9 up to 57.9 %. The lead content in the flotation tails obtained according to the scheme of benefication with using regrinding and modified reagent decreases from 0.3 to 0.18 %, where as zinc content decreases from 1.3 to 0.7 %. |
Key words | fine disseminated hard-cleaning ore, regrinding, extraction, lead concentrate, zinc concentrate, kerosene, diesel fuel, benefication. |
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Metallurgy
Zagorodnayay A.N., Linnik K.A., Sharipova A.S., Abisheva Z.S., Zhumabekov Zh.Zh. Sorptive clearing of crude ammonium perrhenate solutions from impurity elements
Title | Sorptive clearing of crude ammonium perrhenate solutions from impurity elements |
Authors | Zagorodnayay A.N., Linnik K.A., Sharipova A.S., Abisheva Z.S., Zhumabekov Zh.Zh. |
Author´s information |
“Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication” (CESMOB) JSC, lab of rare scattered elements, Almaty Zagorodnyaya A.N., Dr. Tech.Sci, chief scientific worker, alinazag39@mail.ru Linnik K.A., engineer Sharipova A.S., Cand Tech.Sci., scientific worker Abisheva Z.S., Dr. Tech.Sci, Corresponding member of KzNAS., president of “CESMOB” JSC “Zhezkazgan Rare Met” RSP, Zhezkazgan Zhumabekov Zh.Zh., deputy head of plant department |
Summary | The article covers researches on branded ammonium perrhenate salt obtaining from crude ammonium perrhenate (CAP). In practice branded salt from CAP is obtained basically by methods of single-stage or repeated recrystallization. From thirteen regulated elements – AI, Fe, K, Ca, Si, Mg, Mn, Cu, Mo, Na, Ni, Р, S – most difficultly deleted element is potassium. Sorption of elements’ cations from solutions of CAP in demineralized water – distilled and super pure – by cationite KU-2 (made in Russia) in Н + – form is studied in dynamic conditions. Desorption of sorbed metals was carried out by solutions of hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. It is found, that all impurity elements is sorbed by cationite differently; quality of demineralized water applied to dissolution of crude salt, does not affect on elements-impurity sorption. Extraction of elements-impurity (except Mg) from both kinds of solutions is identical and decreases in following sequence Pb, Zn, Cd> Mn> Ca> Mg> Fe> Cu> Ni> K. But at passing-through of 40-th specific volume of each of solutions from them, %: Pb, Zn, Cd – 99; Mn – 90 88; Ca – 77-84; Mg – 68-93; Fe – 68-75; Cu – 8-23; Ni – 15-28; K – 0,22-0 are extracted. It is possible to clear 8 – 10 specific volumes of CAP solutions from elements-impurity by cationite KU-2 to concentrations from which pure ammonium perrhenate salt can be isolated. Also from potassium – to concentration of 0,1-0,2 mg/dm3. High quality salt – brand АР-00 was obtained from joined cleaned solutions by combination of processes of evaporation and crystallization. Desorption of the sorbed elements-impurity with simultaneous transform of cationite KU-2 into Н + form is carried out by hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. |
Key words | ammonium perrhenate, elements-impurity, cationite, sorption, desorption, demineralized water, acids. |
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Isabaev S.M., Kuzgibekova Kh.M., Zhinova E.V., Zikanova T.A.Development of technology for oxidizing roasting of gold-arsenic concentrates of double persistence
Title | Development of technology for oxidizing roasting of gold-arsenic concentrates of double persistence |
Authors | Isabaev S.M., Kuzgibekova Kh.M., Zhinova E.V., Zikanova T.A. |
Author´s information |
Chemical – metallurgical institute named after Zh. Abishev, Karaganda Isabaev S.M., Dr. Tech. Sci., professor, head of lab., lab-isabaev@rambler.ru Kuzgibekova Kh.M., Cand Tech. Sci, leading scientific worker Zhinova E.V., senior scientific worker Zikanova T.A., Cand Tech. Sci, senior scientific worker |
Summary | To successful use of cyanidation process widely applied by native and foreign industries for processing of sulphide persistent and high persistent gold-bearing concentrates it is necessary to prepare raw material for lixiviation. That is preliminary removing such harmful admixtures as antimony, arsenic, sulphur and carbonaceous substances which are the sorbents of cyanide gold ions. The oxidative firing is the most studied and widely used in the industry method and use for it high-performance firing aggregate contributes to solving the problem of processing gold-concentrates of Dual Thrust. Technology of agglomerating roasting of gold-arsenic carbon-containing concentrate in agglomeration apparatus has been worked out during the laboratory testing. Tmax. = 800-1100°C was reached in 10-20 min. and kept in the zone 10-20 min, discharging changed from 400 to 830 mm water column. Optimal parameters of agglomerated roasting were determined: Toptimal = 800-1000°C, time = 15-25 min. At that degree of admixtures removing was, %: carbon – 98,6; arsenic – 92,8; desulphurization – 97,3. Cyanide and thiourea leaching of gold from the cinders containing different percentage of sulphur, arsenic and carbonaceous substances was tested in the laboratory conditions. The degree of gold extraction into the solution from the cinders obtained after the roasting at T 800-1000 oC at the thiourea leaching was 90,2-94,3 % depending on the content of arsenic, sulphide sulphur and carbon, and the degree of gold extraction at using cyanide was 80,5-91,9%. So, advantage of thiourea gold leaching from cinders of agglomerating roasting is shown and optimum parameters of the given process are established: temperature 50°С; duration 2 hours; thiourea consumption 3-5 kg/t; L:S = 2:1. |
Key words | gold, arsenic, arsenopyrite, pyrite, roasting, leaching |
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Kovzalenko V.A., Sarsenbaj G., Sadykov N.M-K., Imangalieva L.M.Kaolin - sub-standard silica-alumina raw material
Title | Kaolin – sub-standard silica-alumina raw material |
Authors | Kovzalenko V.A., Sarsenbaj G., Sadykov N.M-K., Imangalieva L.M. |
Author´s information |
“Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication” JSC, lab of alumina and aluminium , Almaty Kovzalenko V.A., Cand. Tech. Sci., leading scientific worker, kovza40@mail.ru Sarsenbaj G., Cand. Tech. Sci., scientific worker Sadykov N.M-K., scientific worker Imangalieva L.M., leading engineer |
Summary | The brief review of kaolin deposits in territory of former Soviet Union republics is presented. The balance stock of kaolin raw materials in Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Georgia and Kazakhstan is reflected. Researches of chemical and mineralogical composition of kaolins of Alekseev, Kyzylsok and Kulantube deposits, from five available kaolin and one kaolin quartzite deposits of Kazakhstan, are carried out. Methods of chemical, roentgen phase and roentgen fluorescent analysis were used. According to chemical analysis Alekseev kaolin contains, mas. %: Al2O3 – 19,3; SiO2 – 69,6; Fе2O3 – 0,97; Na2O – 0,15; K2O – 0,6; losses at burning -6,3. According to semiquantitative roentgen phase analysis Alekseev deposit’s kaolin has following mineralogical composition, mas. %: quartz – 67.5; kaolin – 31.4; muscovite – 1,1; Kulantube deposit’s kaolin mineralogical composition, mas. %: quartz – 46; kaolin – 49; alunite – 5,1. Kulantube deposit’s kaolin has following chemical composition, mas. %: SiO2 – 52,6; Al2O3 – 13,9; Fе2O3 – 0,32; СaО – 0,11; Na2O – 0,91; K2O – 1,05; SО3 – 9,4. Kulantube deposit’s detrimental impurities are iron oxides and sulphureous compounds. Results of roentgen fluorescent analysis of Kyzylsok deposit’s samples are following, mas. %: Al2O3 – 10,8; SiO2 – 46,0; Fe2O3 – 5,0; Na2O – 1,4; SO3 – 0,8; K2О – 1,2; СаО – 10,0; TiO2 – 0,6. The analysis indicates the low content of aluminium oxide and high – of detrimental impurities of iron oxides and sulphureous compounds. Therefore Alekseev deposit is recognized as the most perspective for processing kaolin with the purpose of obtaining modified liquid glass and enriched concentrate of aluminium oxide. |
Key words | kaolin, deposit, chemical composition, mineralogical composition, roentgen phase, roentgen fluorescent analysis, aluminium oxide. |
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Shevko V.M., Serzhanov G.M., Ajtkulov D.K., Abzhanova A.S., Tuleev M.A.Formation of calcium carbide and iron silicide
Authors | Shevko V.M., Serzhanov G.M., Ajtkulov D.K., Abzhanova A.S., Tuleev M.A. |
Author´s information |
Southern Kazakhstan state university named after M. Auezov, Shymkent Shevko V.M., Dr. Tech. Sci., professor, sunstroke_91@mail.ru Serzhanov G.M., master’s degree of Tech. Sci. Abzhanova A.S., Cand Tech.Sci., lecturer Tuleev M.A., bachelor of Tech. Sci The Kazakh national technical university named after K.I. Satpayev Ajtkulov D.K., Dr. Tech. Sci., professor, vice-chancellor |
Summary | A certain part of the zinc ores containing 10-25 % of Zn is processed by various pyrometallurgical methods (the Sterling process, the Imperial Smelting process, the Waelz process), which allow to extract only zinc and do not ensure complex use of raw materials. In particular silicon, calcium and iron pass practically completely into slag or clinker. For processing zinc-containing ores we offer a pyrometallurgical way, which provides simultaneous production of a ferroalloy and calcium carbide in an electric furnace and extraction of zinc in sublimates. This article contains the research results of thermodynamic modelling of the chemical reduction of silicon, iron and calcium in a system Fe2O3-SiO2-CaO-nC in respect to the offered process. The results were obtained by a method of the full thermodynamic analysis using the program HSC-5.1 of the Finnish metallurgical company Outokumpu, which was developed on a principle of the Gibbs energy minimization. We have studied the influence of temperature (from 1500°С to 2400°С) and amount of carbon (from 8 to 18 k-atoms) on the distribution degree of silicon, iron and calcium in the investigated system at pressure of 0,1 MPa. It is found, that a high transition degree of calcium into calcium carbide (80-90 %) can be observed in a temperature interval of 1870-2000°С and 12.5-18 k-atom of carbon. Iron silicides (Fe3Si, Fe5Si3, FeSi, FeSi2) form at a lower temperature than calcium carbide. Silicon completely passes in a ferroalloy in a temperature interval of 1820-1870°С and n=10-18. |
Key words | reduction, silicon, calcium, thermodynamic modelling, iron silicides, calcium carbide |
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Physical-chemical studies
Rogozhnikov D.A., Anisimova O.S., Mamyachenkov S.V.Thermodynamic researches of copper-zinc sulfide raw materials nitric acid leaching
Title | Thermodynamic researches of copper-zinc sulfide raw materials nitric acid leaching |
Authors | Rogozhnikov D.A., Anisimova O.S., Mamyachenkov S.V. |
Author´s information |
Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education «Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin», Yekaterinburg, Russia Rogozhnikov D.A., Cand. Tech. Sci., scientific worker, darogozhnikov@yandex.ru Anisimova O.S., Cand. Tech. Sci., docent Mamyachenkov S.V., Dr. Tech.Sci., professor, senior scientific worker, |
Summary | Thermodynamic features studies of polymetallic sulfide raw material nitric acid leaching were carried out. Analyzed middlings is an intractable for division at the selective flotation of multicomponent sulphurous ores of deposits “Maykain B”, Kazakhstan. Elemental and phase composition of investigated raw material were studied with X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy methods. The analysis results showed that sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and galena are the most common minerals in the studied materials. Calculations of the Gibbs energy change and equilibrium constants for the likely reactions of sulfide minerals with nitric acid were performed. These quantities were calculated at temperatures of 100 and 80 0C, the choice of which is due to technological reasons. As the result of the calculations it is found thermodynamic probability that reactions proceed with the formation of elemental sulfur, hematite and water-soluble copper compounds. The most favorable conditions for the leaching process were identified with plotting Pourbaix diagrams E-pH to form the desired products. The results showed that for maximum transfer of the metal sulphides into sulphate form necessary initial oxidation potential is E > 0,9 V. Wherein copper and zinc go into solution completely. The interaction of metal sulfides with nitric acid leads to its degradation and the formation of nitrous gases. The resulting nitrogen oxides are oxidized to higher oxides in the absorption column to form a mixture of nitric and nitrous acids. The resulting mixture was used in the next leaching stages. |
Key words | thermodynamic features, nitric acid leaching, copper-zinc raw materials. |
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Materials technology
Altenova A.N., Kilibayeva. Yakhiyayeva Zh.Ye.,Agapova L.Ya., Abisheva Z.S., Sukurov B.M.Influence of substrate material nature and heat treatment on adhesion and microhardness of electrolytic rhenium-nickel coatings
Title | Influence of substrate material nature and heat treatment on adhesion and microhardness of electrolytic rhenium-nickel coatings |
Authors | Altenova A.N., Kilibayeva. Yakhiyayeva Zh.Ye., Agapova L.Ya., Abisheva Z.S., Sukurov B.M. |
Author´s information |
“Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication” JSC, lab of rare scattered elements, Almaty Altenova A.N., leading engineer Kilibayeva S.K., Cand Tech.Sci., scientific worker Yakhiyayeva Zh.Ye., engineer Agapova L.Ya., Dr. Tech.Sci, head of lab., rm.303.imo@mail.ru Abisheva Z.S., Dr. Tech.Sci., corresponding member of RK NAS , president of “CESMOB” JSC National scientific lab. Sukurov B.M., Cand Tech.Sci., leading scientific worker |
Summary | The results of research of the substrate’s material nature (stainless steel and copper) and heat treatment impact on adhesion and microhardness of rhenium-nickel coatings are presented in the article. The electrolytic coatings based on rhenium-nickel alloys were precipitated by method of membrane electrolysis from ammonium sulfurous solutions with addition of glycerol. The obtained coatings were subjected to thermal treatment in a stream of the inert gas argon at a temperature of 400°C during one hour. The evaluation of the degree of adhesion of Re-Ni coatings to substrates was carried out by method of plotting latticed and parallel scratches (scratches method). The value of adhesion of coatings by method of latticed scratches on the surface was assessed according to the 4-point scale. It is established that an adhesion of coatings without annealing was on copper substrates – 1 point, on stainless steel substrates – 4 points. The coatings after annealing have an adhesion on copper substrates – 1 point, on stainless steel substrates – 2 points. The value of adhesion of coatings by method of parallel scratches was assessed according to the 3-point scale. The values of adhesion of coatings on copper and stainless steel substrates without annealing are 2 points. The coatings after annealing have an adhesion on copper substrates – 1 point, on stainless steel substrates – 2 points. The Re-Ni coatings adhesion on copper substrates is higher than on steel. The heat treatment of coatings increases the adhesion regardless of the substrate material. The microhardness of coatings after annealing has increased: on a copper substrate from 6990 up to 9211 MPa, on a steel substrate from 3732 up to 4204 MPa. |
Key words | alloys, coatings, rhenium, nickel, membrane electrolysis, annealing, adhesion, microhardness, copper-substrate, steel-substrate. |
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Ismailov M.B., Ramazanova Zh.M., Nigmetchanova G.B., Tolendyuly S., Mustafa L.M.Influence of deformation and thermal processing on structure and properties of the magnesium alloy of system Mg-Al-Zn-Mn
Title | Influence of deformation and thermal processing on structure and properties of the magnesium alloy of system Mg-Al-Zn-Mn |
Authors | Ismailov M.B., Ramazanova Zh.M., Nigmetchanova G.B., Tolendyuly S., Mustafa L.M. |
Author´s information |
“ National center of cosmic researches and technologies” JSC, Almaty Ismailov M.B., Dr. Tech. Sci.,professor, head of cosmic material technology and instrumentation technology dep. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.”>m.ismailov@spaceres.kz Ramazanova Zh M., Cand. Chem. Sci., head of cosmic material technology lab. Nigmetchanova S., senior scientific worker Tolendyuly S., doctoral student Mustafa L.M., junior scientific worker |
Summary | During the research influence of strain and thermal treatment on properties of the experimental magnesium alloy Mg-Al-Zn-Mn was studied. Chemical composition of samples obtained in laboratory is, mass %: Al – 8,3; Zn – 0,61; Mn – 0,25; remainder – Mg. Porosity of alloy equals to 5,9 %. Obtained alloys composition is identical to conventional alloy MA5 and to European analogue AZ80A. High-strength nonrigid alloy MA5 is economical sparingly doped alloy. This alloy is currently used to fabricate press moulded products which endure long lasting tensile loads and high carry stress in civil airplanes and other flight vehicles. Straining process was carried out under samples temperature 150 – 350°C and compressive ratio of 20 % and 40 (20+20) %. At 150°C strain leads to samples failure. At temperatures of 200°C and higher plastic deformation proceeds without structural defects (cracks). It is shown that with growth of pressing temperature required pressure is reduced. Microstructure of samples was analyzed during the study. It was established that after diffusion annealing grains dimensions were in range of 13 – 15 µm. Alloy deformation of 20% decreases grains size to 10 -11 µm. Deformation up to 40% decreases grains size to 9 – 10 µm. Pressure values for degree of deformation 20 % and 40 % and temperature range of 200 – 300°C were determined. At deformation degree 20 and 40 % maximum strength properties are obtained at 250°C. Properties of fabricated material come close to Russian alloy MA5 and European AZ80A at 40 % deformation. |
Key words | Magnesium alloy, deformation, thermal processing, microporosity, microstructure, strength properties. |
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Ramazanova Zh.M., Mustafa L.M.Oxide coatings formation in the pulsed regime by the method of micro-arc oxidation
Title | Oxide coatings formation in the pulsed regime by the method of micro-arc oxidation |
Authors | Ramazanova Zh.M., Mustafa L.M. |
Author´s information |
“ National center of cosmic researches and technologies” JSC, Almaty Ramazanova Zh.M., Cand. Chem. Sci., head of cosmic material technology lab., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.”>zhanat2005@yandex.kz Mustafa L.M., junior scientific worker |
Summary | Currently aluminium and its alloys are widely used as composite constructional materials in innovative space and civil engineering sectors. Micro-arc oxidation is one of the most promising methods of obtaining anti-abrasion coatings on aluminium and its alloys. During anodizing in pulsed regime by micro-arc oxidation duration of anode pulse significantly influences on coating roughness. In current study such influence was researched. It was established that with increase of duration of anodizing, thickness and roughness of coating also increase. Increase of roughness can be attributed to rising pulse intensity which caused by increased thickness. Wear resistance of obtained coating exceeds one of unmachined surface. Coating which combines low roughness and also high wear resistance was obtained with anodic impulse duration of 150-200 µs, and coating roughness was 0.9-2.2 µm respectively. Micro-hardness is one of the most important physical-mechanical characteristic of coating. Micro-hardness at coating thickness of 19.7 and 26.5 µm is 3.8 and 33.5 GPa respectively. It was ascertained that transition inward metal layer with higher micro-hardness than of base material (substrate) is formed after oxide layer during micro-arc oxidation. At that micro-hardness of transition layer gradually decrease from oxide coating towards metal. In that way with impulse duration of 100 μs at a depth from 15 to 40 µm micro-hardness gradually drops from 1047.4 MPa to 846.2 MPa. Analysis of coating morphology shows that with thickness raise, porosity decreases and average pore size at anodizing duration of 200 µs is 6.06 µm. |
Key words | micro-arc oxidation, wear resistance, coating roughness, constant of friction. |
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Investigation of electrochemical processes
Kilibayeva C.K., Abisheva Z.S., Agapova L.Ya., Amanzholova L.U.About the complexation of nickel with glycerol in sulphuric acid fluoride and ammonium solutions
Title | About the complexation of nickel with glycerol in sulphuric acid fluoride and ammonium solutions |
Authors | Kilibayeva C.K., Abisheva Z.S., Agapova L.Ya., Amanzholova L.U. |
Author´s information |
“Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication” JSC, lab of rare scattered elements, Almaty Kilibayeva S.K., Cand Tech.Sci., scientific worker Abisheva Z.S., Dr. Tech.Sci., corresponding member of RK NAS , president of “CESMOB” JSC Agapova L.Ya., Dr. Tech.Sci, head of lab., rm.303.imo@mail.ru lab of physical methods of analysis Amanzholova L.U., scientific worker |
Summary | The results of research of some physico-chemical properties of electrolytes for deposition of Re-Ni alloys in the form of coatings are presented in the article. The influence of introduction into Re-Ni-containing solutions the additives of sodium fluoride, sulfuric acid, ammonium sulfate and glycerol allowing facilitate the joint reduction of metals in the alloy, was studied. The additives of glycerol in nickel-containing solutions reduce their electrical conductivity, what suggests the formation of complexes of nickel with glycerol. So the electrical conductivity of nickel sulphate solution is 8.7•10-3 Ohm-1 cm-1, with the additions of: sulfuric acid – 172•10-3 Ohm-1 cm-1; sulfuric acid and sodium fluoride – 99.80•10-3 Ohm-1 cm-1; sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate – 65•10-3 Ohm-1 cm-1, and in the case of additions of Glycerin in these solutions their electrical conductivity decreases and is respectively: 7.4•10-3; 163•10-3; 78•10-3; 54.1•10-3 Ohm-1 cm-1. The stoichiometric composition of complexes of nickel with glycerol was determined by method of continuous changes of specific electric conductivity. The values of constant of instability (Кi) and the values of free energy of formation (ΔG) of the investigated complexes of nickel with Glycerin were calculated, which at ratio Me : ligand in the complex equal to 3 : 4; 3 : 6 (1 : 2); 3 : 8, were respectively: 1.7•10-8; 2.07•10-8; 5.78•10-8 and 44.32; 43.84; 41.29 kJ/mol. By methods of conductometry and IR spectroscopy it is found that stability of glycerol complexes of nickel decreases with increasing concentrations of glycerol in solutions. The charge of nickel ions in investigated electrolytes was determined by method of electrodialysis. It is established that the ions of nickel in sulphuric acid fluoride containing and ammonium sulphate solutions with glycerol mostly migrate through cation exchange membrane towards the cathode. This suggests the existence of glycerol complexes of nickel in cationic form. The estimated composition of the resultant complexes of nickel with glycerol is [Ni(Glyc)2]2+; [Ni(H2O)3(Glyc)3]2+. |
Key words | nickel, glycerol, electrolyte, conductivity, complexes, constant of instability, IR spectroscopy, electrodialysis. |
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Industrial waste utilization
Blajda I.A., Vasil'eva T.V., Baranov V.I.Use of bio-hydrometallurgical technologies for solving problems of production waste recycling with valuable metals obtaining
Title | Use of bio-hydrometallurgical technologies for solving problems of production waste recycling with valuable metals obtaining |
Authors | Blajda I.A., Vasil’eva T.V., Baranov V.I. |
Author´s information |
I.I. Mechnikov Odessa National University, Odessa, Ukraine, Biotechnological Scientific and Educational center Blajda I.A., PhD, Tech.Sci, Head of the Laboratory, iblayda@ukr.net Vasil’eva T.V., PhD, Biology Sci., Senior Researcher, Biotechnological Scientific and Educational Center Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Plants Physiology and Ecology Department, Lviv, Ukraine Baranov V.I., PhD, Biology Sci., docent |
Summary | The results of a comprehensive study of biological and physico-chemical properties of production waste of fuel and energy complex are shown. Based on these data the bio-hydrometallurgical method for processing of the waste was chosen and shown its effectiveness. Elevated levels of heavy metals and pH of waste water solution allow regard them to the environmentally hazardous, requiring detoxification. On the other hand, the concentration of many rare and non-ferrous metals in this waste exceeds commercially significant concentration and is sufficient to extract them. The presence of a relatively wealthy bacterial community, presented by heterotrophic bacteria and acidophilic chemolithotrophic – mesophilic and moderately thermophiles representatives of the genera Acidithiobacillus and Sulfobacillus in investigated poduction waste was shown. These microorganisms are capable to leach metals from waste with high degree of extraction, destroying fairly stable crystalline structure. The obtained results served as the basis for creating of efficient bacterial preparation and selection of the optimal composition of the nutrient medium as the leaching solution. Selected optimal parameters (S:L = 1:10, рН ≤ 2,0, t = 30,0±2°С, duration 7 days) promoted bioleaching almost all (95,75 – 99,99 %) germanium, gallium, cadmium, manganese and nickel, in lesser degree – copper (up to 87,34%), zinc (up to 86,93%) and lead (up to 89,34%). Significant decrease of the heavy metal ions concentration (10-103 times) in the investigated waste after bacterial leaching has been shown, that was confirmed by method of biological control with using plant test-objects. |
Key words | rock waste of coal-cleaning, fly-ash, leaching, bacterial community, gallium, germanium, heavy metal ions, rare, non-ferrous metals |
Reference |
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Anniversaries
Anniversaries
Title | Center of Earth Sciences, Metallurgy and Ore Benefication (Metallurgy and Ore Benefication Institute) – 70 years |
Authors | Abisheva Z.S. |
Author´s information |
“Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication” JSC, Almaty Abisheva Z.S., Dr. Tech.Sci., corresponding member of RK NAS , president of “CESMOB” JSC |