Minerals benefication
Tussupbayev N.K., Semushkina L.V., Turysbekov D.K., Mukhanova A.A., Yerzhanova Zh.A. Estimation of depressant ability of different ferromagnetic materials on galena
Title | Estimation of depressant ability of different ferromagnetic materials on galena |
Authors | Tussupbayev N.K., Semushkina L.V., Turysbekov D.K., Mukhanova A.A., Yerzhanova Zh.A. |
Author´s information | “Center of Earth Sciences, Metallurgy and Ore Benefication” JSC, lab of flotation reagents and benefication, Аlmaty Tussupbayev N.K., Dr. Tech. Sci, head of lab Semushkina L.V., Cand Tech. Sci, leading scientific worker, syomushkina.lara@mail.ru Turysbekov D.K., Cand Tech.Sci, senior scientific worker Mukhanova A.A., scientific worker Yerzhanova Zh.A., scientific worker |
Summary | The studies of various ferromagnetic materials (natural NFM, powder PFM, nanosized NSFM) as galena depressor were carried out in comparison with the sulfite technology for collective copper-lead concentrate separation. Studies were performed on collective copper-lead concentrate from Artem’evsky deposit containing, %: copper 16,3; lead 25,1; zinc 6,2. It was revealed that the ferromagnetic materials substituted high consumption of iron vitriol and sodium sulfite in the selection cycle as compared with the sulfite separation technology, The best results were achieved with using NSFM. NSFM samples were studied on electron scanning microscope (x 2000 multiplied). The fact of the two-peak distribution for particles by size: 0,02 micrometer (20 nm) – 35 % and 0,1 micrometer (100 nm) – 17 % was registered. NSFM containing nanosized particles less 52 % were obtained through dispersion. At the optimal NSFM consumption of 150 g per ton of the collective concentrate, the copper concentrate containing 28,6 % of copper at its extraction of 71,5 % and the lead concentrate containing 45,3 % of lead at its extraction of 85,3 % were obtained. The content of lead in the copper concentrate and that of copper in the lead concentrate was below 5 %. The NSFM consumption was 10–20 times lower than that of PFM. It was shown that the novel tetra-hydro-pyrane-sulf-hydric foaming agent KSK-6 could fully substitute a traditional foaming agent T-80 in the cycle of collective copper-lead concentrate separation. Besides that, KSK-6 partially showed the collector properties, thus butyl xanthogenate consumption was down by 30 %. |
Key words | depressor; ferromagnetic material; foaming agent; selection; flotation; recovery; concentrate |
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Metallurgy
Abdykirova G.Zh., Tanekeeva M.Sh., Toylanbay G.A., Sydykov A.E., Sukurov B.M. Manganese dioxide obtaining from industrial manganese-containing waste
Title | Manganese dioxide obtaining from industrial manganese-containing waste |
Authors | Abdykirova G.Zh., Tanekeeva M.Sh., Toylanbay G.A., Sydykov A.E., Sukurov B.M. |
Author´s information |
“Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication” JSC, lab of flotation reagents and benefication, Аlmaty Abdykirova G.Zh., Cand Tech. Sci., leading scientific worker Tanekeeva M.Sh., scientific worker, maira.shaimardan@gmail.com Toylanbay G.A., leading engineer Sydykov A.E., engineer National scientific lab Sukurov B.M., Cand Tech. Sci., leading scientific worker |
Summary | Studies on the electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) obtaining from purified solutions after leaching manganese sludge were held. Influence of the anodic current density on electrolysis of manganese sulfate solutions was determined. The EMD samples were examined using an X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Studies on preliminary purification of manganese containing solutions before the electrolysis were carried out. Conducting cleaning solution at pH 6,0-7,0 provides maximum deposition of impurities harmful to electrolysis copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, iron (III) and iron (II). After precipitation of the impurities pulp is filtered, hydrated precipitate is washed, filtered liquid phase is sent to electrolysis to produce EMD. Electrolysis efficiency was determined by the following factors: the quality of the EMD, output of the EMD by current, voltage on the bath. In these experiments on electrolysis at an anodic current density of 150-200 A/m², the following electrochemical characteristics were got: bath voltage does not exceed 2.2-3.0 V, current output – 65-68%, electric power consumption 1.33 – 1.80 kilowatt-hour /kg. The results showed that EMD, obtained in laboratory conditions at an anodic current density in the range of Ia = 150-200 A/m², meets all the requirements for high-level product: the mass fraction of the main component – MnO2 in the experiments is 95-96,5%. The chemical composition and crystal modification of EMD correspond to requirements to manganese dioxide for galvanic cell of manganese-zinc system with an alkaline electrolyte. |
Key words | manganese solution, leaching, impurities, deposition, electrolysis, electrolyte, electrolytic manganese dioxide |
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Zagorodnyaya A.N., Sharipova A.S., Abisheva Z.S., Sapukov I.A., Zhumabekov Zh.Zh. Rhenium and osmium behavior at hydrometallurgical opening of sinter containing both metals
Title | Rhenium and osmium behavior at hydrometallurgical opening of sinter containing both metals |
Authors | Zagorodnyaya A.N., Sharipova A.S., Abisheva Z.S., Sapukov I.A., Zhumabekov Zh.Zh. |
Author´s information |
“Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication” JSC, lab of rare scattered elements, Almaty Zagorodnyaya A.N., Dr. Tech. Sci., chief scientific worker, alinazag39@mail.ru Sharipova A.S., Cand Tech.Sci., scientific worker Abisheva Z.S., Corresponding member of KzNAS., president of JSC lab of physical methods of analysis Sapukov I.A., scientific worker “Zhezkazgan Rare Met” RSP, Zhezkazgan Zhumabekov Zh.Zh., deputy head of Rare Met Department of the Plant |
Summary | Rhenium and osmium behaviour at hydrometallurgical opening of sinter containing, mass.%; 3,7 Re, 0,049 Os, 60,0 S (total), in the forms of CaSO4 (basis), Ca5Re2O12, Ca(ReO4)2·2H2O, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, CaO is investigated. Sinter is obtained from industrial precipitate and calcium oxide. Influence of the leaching reagents nature: water, sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, sodium chloride was studied. Influence of S:L (1:2 ÷ 1:5) ratio, duration (30 – 120 min) and temperature (25 – 70 °C) on rhenium and osmium behaviour is studied by giving an example of water leaching process. The analysis of leached products was conducted by chemical, X-ray-phase, atomic emission and atomic fluorescence spectrometry methods. It is established, that hydrometallurgical opening of sinter allows to selectively extract metals into different phases: rhenium into solution, osmium into cake. The leaching reagent nature does not influence on extraction of rhenium and osmium from sinter into a solution, but influences on cake output: 109,5 % (H2O), 144 % (H2SO4), 11,8 % (HCI), 93,55 % (NaCI), and as consequence the cake output affects the content of metals in it: 0,56 – 0,68 mass.% of Re; 0,042 – 0,416 mass.% of Os. It is established, that S:L ratio, duration and temperature practically do not influence on extraction of metals into solution, on cake output (~ 110 %) and on metals content in cake at the sinter leaching by water in the studied intervals. Under the chosen optimum conditions for sinter leaching (leaching reagent – water, S:L=1:5, temperature 20–30 °С, time 30 min.) rhenium, calcium, sulfur, iodine and chlorine are passed into solution. At the solution aging salts CaSO4·2H2O, CaCO3 (hexagonal and cubic structures), Ca3(SО3)2SO4·12H2O precipitate from the solution. Rhenium ≥ 83 % and osmium ≥ 1 % are extracted from sinter into the solution irrespective of studied parameters and their intervals. At water leaching all containing in the sinter compounds of calcium are transformed into Ca(OH)2, and insignificant quantities of CaSO4 and CaCO3 remain. |
Key words | sinter, leaching, rhenium, osmium, water, mineral acids, cake, filtrate |
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Nikolaev А.И., Gerasimova L.G., Petrov V., Mayorov V.G. Perovskite concentrate - as a source for titanium and rare-metal products
Title | Perovskite concentrate – as a source for titanium and rare-metal products |
Authors | Nikolaev А.И., Gerasimova L.G., Petrov V., Mayorov V.G. |
Author´s information |
I.V.Tananaev Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements and Mineral Raw Materials, KSC RAS, Apatity, Russia Nikolaev А.И., Corresponding member of RAS, deputy director of the Institute, nikolaev@chemy.kolasc.net.ru Gerasimova L.G., Dr. Tech. Sci., docent, head of department Petrov V., Cand Tech. Sci, senior scientific worker Mayorov V.G., Cand Tech. Sci, senior scientific worker |
Summary | Characterization of titanium – rare-metal (perovskite) ore located in Afrikanda settlement of Murmansk region is presented. Being nonconventional in composition, the ore is rather challenging both in concentration and hydrometallurgical processing. On the other hand, one process cycle of perovskite can yield such products as titanium dioxide of pigment and non-pigment brands, rare metals and their compounds and alloys, and rare-earth metals, which are regarded as indirect indicators of the level of a country’s industrial development. The perovskite concentrate decomposed in acid is processed using various advanced techniques including liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization, hydrolysis, thermolysis, etc to separate the components as salts, hydroxides or oxides. Crushed perovskite concentrate is gradually loaded into 28-32 % hydrochloric acid at hashing and heating of suspension during 5 h up to 95-100 °С. The separated solid deposit containing perovskite is recycled. From a filtrate containing calcium, titanium, rare and rare-earth elements a free hydrochloric acid is removed by distillation. At waste recycling a number of commodity by-products is obtained. The paper discusses the technological and economic characteristics of the flowsheets, their advantages and disadvantages, which formed the basis for selecting the most advantageous technology for the perovskite concentrate processing. |
Key words | perovskite, titanium – rare metal raw material, titanium dioxide, rare and rare earth metals, acid-based technologies |
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Trebukhov S.A., Marki I.A., Nitsenko A.V., Burabayeva N.M., Tuleutai F.Kh. Demercurization of waste coal sorbents of gold recovery plants by vacuum heat treatment
Title | Demercurization of waste coal sorbents of gold recovery plants by vacuum heat treatment |
Authors | Trebukhov S.A., Marki I.A., Nitsenko A.V., Burabayeva N.M., Tuleutai F.Kh. |
Author´s information |
“Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication” JSC, lab of vacuum processes, Almaty Trebukhov S.A., Cand. Tech. Sci., head of lab, vohubert@mail.ru Marki I.A., Cand. Tech. Sci., leading scientific worker Nitsenko A.V., Cand. Tech. Sci., senior scientific worker Burabayeva N.M., Cand. Tech. Sci., scientific worker Tuleutai F.Kh., engineer |
Summary | Currently, the basic process in the gold industry is a cyanidation as the most efficient way to extract gold and silver from a relatively poor and finely disseminated ores, tailings and other products of benefication. Further gold extraction from cyanide leaching solutions is carried out by adsorption on activated carbon, followed by elution. Due to the high mercury content, they cannot be subjected to a preliminary combustion for further complete gold extraction and shall be sent to the tailing dumps. This article contains the results of a laboratory research on prior mercury removal from waste coal sorbents of gold recovery plants with the help of vacuum heat treatment before their combustion. The waste coal sorbents of Altyntau Kokshetau Ltd, the largest gold mining company in Kazakhstan, were used as the test material. The received test samples were granulated material with different moisture content. The humidity of the coal sorbent samples used in the study was 35.48%. Mercury was mainly in the metallic form with the content of 1.96 %. It was determined by semiquantitative method that the gold content in the coal was 0.036% (360 g/t), carbon – about 92 %, and sulfur – 0.63%. The total content of the gold and silver was about 1000 g/t. The study of the main factors influence on the mercury distillation from waste coal sorbents was carried out with the samples pre-dried up to a constant weight by the thermogravimetric method. It is shown that the temperature increase and pressure reduction positive effect on the mercury distillation. For example, at 200°C and 92.0 kPa the mercury content decreased only by 47.45 % in 20 minutes, and at 400°C with the other same conditions the degree of mercury recovery reached 93.37%. The cinders, obtained under reduced pressure (0.13 kPa) at temperature 400°C in 15 minutes, contained 0.0004% of mercury (4.1 mg/kg). This corresponds to the maximum permissible concentrations established by the European standards. The degree of mercury recovery amounted 99%. |
Key words | mercury, coal, activated carbon, sorbent, gold cyanide leaching, vacuum distillation, temperature, distillation degree, ecology |
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Sharipova A.S., Zagorodnyaya A.N., Abisheva Z.S., Sapukov I.A., Amanzholova L.U. Rhenium and osmium behavior at sintering the precipitate isolated from ammoniac solution with calcium oxide
Title | Rhenium and osmium behavior at sintering the precipitate isolated from ammoniac solution with calcium oxide |
Authors | Sharipova A.S., Zagorodnyaya A.N., Abisheva Z.S., Sapukov I.A., Amanzholova L.U. |
Author´s information |
“Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication” JSC, lab of rare scattered elements, Almaty Sharipova A.S., Cand Tech.Sci., scientific worker Zagorodnyaya A.N., Dr. Tech. Sci, chief scientific worker, alinazag39@mail.ru Abisheva Z.S., Corresponding member of KzNAS., president of JSC lab of physical methods of analysis Sapukov I.A., Cand Tech.Sci., scientific worker Amanzholova L.U., Cand Tech.Sci., scientific worker |
Summary | Results of researches of one of stages of developed technology for rhenium extraction from the industrial precipitate isolated from ammoniac mother liquors of rhenium solid-phase re-extraction operation – sintering are presented in the paper. The technology is based on processes of sintering, leaching and extraction of rhenium – metal demanded on the market, from rhenium-, osmium-containing precipitates, accumulated on Zhezkazgan copper factory. At the first cycle of technology development the content of metals in the precipitate have raised more than twice by repulping in water, and the party of a precipitate for carrying out of experiments on its sintering with calcium oxide has been obtained. In presented paper influence of calcium oxide quantity in charge (100 – 300 % to weight of a precipitate), process duration (2 – 5 h), and temperature (300 – 600 °С) on rhenium and osmium behaviour at charge sintering is studied. It is established, that studied parameters differently influence on process current, condition of sinters, their yield and rhenium and osmium extraction into them. The increase of calcium oxide content in charge leads to increase of sinters yield and metals extraction into them. Duration and temperature of sintering influence insignificant on these parameters. Sintering of osmium-, rhenium-containing industrial precipitate with calcium oxide proceeds with formation of calcium (CaSO4, CaCO3, Сa(OH)2) and rhenium (Ca(ReO4)2·2H2O and Ca5Re2O12) compounds. And Ca(ReO4)2·2H2O is formed at the minimal values of calcium oxide quantity in charge and duration of sintering, Ca5Re2O12 – at their maximal values, Ca(ReO4)2·2H2O and Ca5Re2O12 – at their intermediate values. Optimum conditions at which both of metal practically completely remain in sinter are chosen: СаО quantity in charge – 200 – 300 % to weight of precipitate, temperature – 300 °С, sintering time – 2 h. |
Key words | precipitate, rhenium, osmium, sintering, calcium oxide, charge, sinter. |
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Materials technology
Ismailov M.B., Ramazanova Zh. M., Nigmetchanova S., Toleundyuly S., Mustafa L.M. Influence of void ratio and it’s type on mechanical properties of magnesium alloys Mg-Al-Zn
Title | Influence of void ratio and it’s type on mechanical properties of magnesium alloys Mg-Al-Zn |
Authors | Ismailov M.B., Ramazanova Zh. M., Nigmetchanova S., Toleundyuly S., Mustafa L.M. |
Author´s information |
The National center of space exploration and technologies, lab of cosmic material technology, Almaty Ismailov M.B., Dr. Tech. Sci., professor, head of cosmic material technology and instrumentation technology dep. Ramazanova Zh M., Cand. Chem. Sci., head of cosmic material technology lab. Nigmetchanova S., senior scientific worker Tolendyuly S., PhD student Mustafa L.M., junior scientific worker |
Summary | Possibilities for controlling porosity of Mg-Al-Zn system’s alloy obtained by melting under flux were studied. Additives which significantly increase corrosion and heat resistance, enhance mechanical strength and handling quality of the alloy were used for alloying. The range of void ratio of 5.9-14.8% was reached, for the first time for such range relation between alloy’s strength and its void ratio was found. For the alloy with void ratio 14.8% open pores amount to 12.8% and closed – 2%. Microhardness of alloy with such porosity reached: 661 MPa for material without processing, 876 MPa after diffusion annealing, 897 MPa after artificial aging. Tensile strength equals 235 MPa. It was established that alloy’s void ratio is conditioned by hydrogen which absorbed from atmosphere during melting and casting and also by physical process of shrinkage at melt crystallization. In order to decrease void ratio it was used manganese alloyage, melt-alloy treatment with calcium and hexa-chlorine-ethane and mould treatment with boron nitride. As a result of these operations void ratio was reduced to 5.9%, tensile strength was increased up to 240 MPa. Amount of open pores equaled to 4.5% and closed – to 1.4%. While microhardness equals 867 MPa for material without processing, 903 MPa – after diffusion annealing, 961 MPa – after artificial aging. Further reduction of void ratio and increase of strength of magnesium alloy’s can be reached by using vacuum melting or melting in inert gas medium. In order to increase void ratio above 14.8% hydrogen rich atmosphere should be used during melting. |
Key words | magnesium alloys, void ratio, strength, tensile strength, percentage elongation |
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Yakhiyayeva Zh.Ye., Kilibayeva S.K., Agapova L.Ya., Abisheva Z.S., Altenova A.N. Influence of substrate material nature and heat treatment on corrosion resistance of electrolytic rhenium-nickel coating. К., Агапова Л. Я., Абишева З. С., Алтенова А. Н.Влияние природы материала подложки и термической обработки на коррозионную стойкость электролитических рений-никелевых покрытий
Title | Influence of substrate material nature and heat treatment on corrosion resistance of electrolytic rhenium-nickel coating |
Authors | Yakhiyayeva Zh.Ye., Kilibayeva S.K., Agapova L.Ya., Abisheva Z.S., Altenova A.N. |
Author´s information |
“Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication” JSC, lab of rare scattered elements, Almaty Yakhiyayeva Zh.Ye., engineer Kilibayeva S.K., Cand Tech.Sci., scientific worker Agapova L.Ya., Dr. Tech.Sci, head of lab., rm.303.imo@mail.ru Abisheva Z.S., Dr. Tech.Sci., corresponding member of RK NAS , president of JSC Altenova A.N., leading engineer |
Summary | The results of research of the substrate’s material nature (stainless steel and copper) and heat treatment impact on corrosion resistance of rhenium-nickel coatings are presented in the article. The electrolytic coatings based on rhenium-nickel alloys were precipitated by method of membrane electrolysis from ammonium sulfurous solutions with addition of glycerol. The obtained coatings were subjected to thermal treatment in a stream of inert gas argon at a temperature of 400°C during one hour. The corrosion-resistance of rhenium-nickel coatings was tested by standard weight method with an exposure in a 0.5 M solution of sulfuric acid and was assessed according to the 10-point scale. It is established that a coatings without annealing (regardless of the substrate material) in a normal atmosphere are totally resistant (1 point), and in a 0.5 M solution of sulfuric acid is highly resistant to corrosion (2-3 points). The calculated average depth of corrosion for samples of coatings before annealing are: on copper substrates – 0.00226; 0.00615 mm/year, on stainless steel substrates – 0.00150; 0.00534 mm/year. The average depth of corrosion for samples of coatings after annealing are: on copper substrates – 0.00153; 0.00158 mm/year, on stainless steel substrates-0.00201; 0.00176 mm/year. The coatings after annealing have 2 points in accordance with the table of corrosion resistance and in accordance with the group they are very resistant to corrosion. The corrosion resistance of coatings on copper substrates compared with coatings on steel substrates after thermal treatment increased both in normal atmosphere, and in an acidic environment. |
Key words | electrolytic Re-Ni coatings, membrane electrolysis, material of substrate, corrosion resistance, annealing |
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Industrial waste utilization
Miryuk. O.A. Influence of technological factors on porization of alkaline silicate compositions on the basis of industrial wastes
Title | Influence of technological factors on porization of alkaline silicate compositions on the basis of industrial wastes |
Authors | Miryuk. O.A. |
Author´s information |
Rudnyj Industrial Institute, Rudnyj Miryuk. O.A., Dr. Tech. Sci, head of construction and construction materials technology cathedra, psm58@mail.ru |
Summary | The results of research of properties of cementless heat insulating alkaline silicate compositions based on raw materials from industrial wastes are presented in the article. Influence of technological factors on porization of compositions from liquid glass and fillers from industrial wastes are investigated. As raw materials for fillers were used metallurgical slag and broken glass. The porization of compositions were evaluated in terms of volume and stability of foam mass, structure and density of the foam concrete. The influence of the type and concentration of foaming agent, content of filler, mode of raw mass mixing to formation of a porous structure was investigated. It was found that synthetic foaming agent «Fairy» at concentration 3-4% in the forming mass gives stable foam with finely porous structure, low density and satisfactory stability. The possibility of a comprehensive porization of compositions from liquid glass was studied. Also the structure of porous materials was investigated. Foam concrete from metallurgical slag has smaller size of cells than composite from broken glass. The efficient ratios between the solid and liquid components of the forming mixture were determined. The ratio liquid glass : filler should be equal 1:1,85 – 1:2,00 for obtaining stable to sedimentation foam mass with low values of density. It was showed the possibility of additional porization of cellular structure by introducing a gasifier agent – hydrogen peroxide. |
Key words | cementless binding material, liquid glass, industrial waste, filler, porization, structure, foam concrete |
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Environment protection
Alosmanov M.S., Gasymova S.B. Wasteless technology for utilization of solid domestic and industrial wastes with obtaining combined fertilizers
Title | Wasteless technology for utilization of solid domestic and industrial wastes with obtaining combined fertilizers |
Authors | Alosmanov M.S., Gasymova S.B. |
Author´s information |
Institute of Geology and Geophysics of National Azerbaijan Academy of Science, Geoecology department, Baku, Azerbaijan Alosmanov M.S., Dr. Tech. Sci., professor, chief scientific worker The Azerbaijan Architecturally-Building University, Engineering ecology faculty, Baku, Azerbaijan Gasymova S.B., senior teacher, iradam@rambler.ru |
Summary | The paper provides an analysis of alternative methods of utilization and neutralization of solid domestic wastes, which rapid increase in quantity demands an immediate solution of the problem of their processing. On the other hand now in Republic large amount of waste of the natural minerals, used as building materials only on 50-60 % from extracted quantity, has accumulated. It leads to shortage of the useful areas of the ground and to ecological imbalance. These are rest of such minerals as dolomite, kaolin, clay, serpentinite, shell rock. In addition, at oil refining in the Republic in a large number waste of acids, such as H2SO4, HNO3, H2PO4, HCl and some others is formed. A small part of them is used in the land reclamation, and the rest is not used, harming the environment. Results of development of non-waste technology of joint utilization of solid domestic and industrial wastes with obtaining of fertilizers are given in the work. The technological scheme of new non-waste technology of obtaining liquid complex mineral and organic fertilizers for needs of agriculture is offered. The obtaining of such fertilizers, modified by nutrients due to addition of natural minerals, is carried out by the decomposition of a mixture of solid domestic waste and natural mineral compounds by waste of acids. It is shown that the offered technology of utilization of solid domestic waste with use of industrial wastes has a number of advantages over existing methods. One of options to produce mineral and organic fertilizer from domestic waste using waste phosphoric and sulfuric acids and the mineral dolomite is given. |
Key words | solid domestic wastes, industrial waste, acid waste, natural minerals, utilization, combined fertilizer, technology. |
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Opinion of specialist
Golikova Z.C. Increase of effectiveness of Kounrad deposit’s ore processing
Title | Increase of effectiveness of Kounrad deposit’s ore processing |
Authors | Golikova Z.C. |
Author´s information |
Balkhash concentrating factory, Balkhash Golikova Z.C., mining engineer, vav_bkz@mail.ru |