Mineral benefication
Sadyralieva U.Zh., Tastanov E.A., Akhmadieva N.K., Ruzakhunova G.S., Sultangazieva A.N. Chemical benefication of nepheline syenites of Sandyk deposit of Republic Kyrgyzstan
Title | Chemical benefication of nepheline syenites of Sandyk deposit of Republic Kyrgyzstan |
Authors | Sadyralieva U.Zh., Tastanov E.A., Akhmadieva N.K., Ruzakhunova G.S., Sultangazieva A.N. |
Author´s information | Kyrgyz state technical university named after Razzakov, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Sadyralieva U.Zh., postgraduate “Center of Earth Sciences, Metallurgy and Ore Benefication” JSC, lab of alumina and aluminium, Аlmaty Tastanov E.A., Dr. Tech.Sci., chief scientific worker, mailto:tastanov@gmail.com Akhmadieva N.K., leading engineer Sultangazieva A.N., engineer lab of physical methods of analysis Ruzakhunova G.S., Cand Tech.Sci., head of lab |
Summary | The article includes results of experiments on chemical benefication of nepheline syenite ore of Sandyk deposit. Nephelin ore is the second largest raw for production of alumina after bauxite. However, processing of nepheline without chemical benefication is unprofitable, due to the high silica content. Leaching nepheline syenite without preactivation in 240 g/dm3 Na2O solution at 280 °C during 40 minute gives a low degree of silica extraction into solution – 38.6%. Nepheline concentrate with composition, mass %: Na2O 17,76; K2O 0,65; AI2O3 20,4; SiO2 19,9; Fe2O3 5.4; TiO2 0.63 was obtained by nepheline ore beneficiation after aero-steam mixture treatment at temperature of 500C. The degree of SiO2 removal from nepheline syenite ore into the solution after benefication was 65.0%. Thus, the method of chemical benefication of nepheline syenite with thermal preactivation by airo-steam mixture allowed to reduce the processing temperature down-to 350 – 500 ° C in comparison with sintering at 1000 oC, which makes the process less power-consuming. Comparative physicochemical analysis of nepheline ore and concentrate showed that the benefication process has changed the chemical and phase composition. From the ore 91.4% of potassium hydroxide and 60.0% of silica have passed into the solution. At the same time, into the solid phase – nepheline concentrate, sodium alkali transferred from solution. Change of the chemical composition of nepheline ore during benefication process is associated with the formation of new hydrated phases, which contain mainly sodium alkali. |
Key words | chemical benefication, roasting, aero-steam mixture, nepheline, concentrate, alumina, silica. |
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Metallurgy
Badikova A.D., Shevko V.M., Karatayeva G.E. Determination of optimum technological parameters of nonferrous metals chloridosublimation from t tailings of the Balkhash concentration plant
Title | Determination of optimum technological parameters of nonferrous metals chloridosublimation from t tailings of the Balkhash concentration plant |
Authors | Badikova A.D., Shevko V.M., Karatayeva G.E. |
Author´s information | Southern Kazakhstan state university named after M. Auezov, Shimkent Badikova A.D., bachelor, mailto:sunstroke_91@mail.ru Shevko V.M., Dr. Tech.Sci, professor of cathedra “Metallurgy” Karatayeva G.E., Cand Tech.Sci., junior scientific worker, lecturer of cathedra “Metallurgy” |
Summary | Large-tonnage wastes of the copper subindustry are tails of concentration plants which contain up to 0,4-1,4 % of nonferrous metals. The amount of such wastes in the Kazakhstan territory exceeds 1 billion tonnes. As a rule, the processing of tails has not a complex character; it consists in their secondary flotation with additional extraction of 1-5 % of copper. In this case zinc and lead are not extracted and mainly remain in secondary tails. The given article contains the research results of zinc and lead extraction from tails of the Balkhash concentration plant by using a chloridosublimation method with regard to the complex processing of tails by a chloride electrothermal method. The researches were carried out by a method of planning an experiment with use of the second order rototable plans. The adequate regression equations of influence of temperature, time and calcium chloride content on chloridosublimation degree of zinc and lead were determined. Optimum parameters for 96-98% of lead and 95-99% of zinc extraction from tails of the Balkhash concentration plant were found. They are for lead – process temperature 920-1000 0С, duration 41-56 minutes; for zinc – process temperature 1160-1200 0С, duration 39-60 minutes at quantity of CaCl2320 % from theoretically necessary. Chloridosublimation of lead and zinc does not restrain extraction of nonferrous metals from tails. The limiting stage of metals extraction from tails is chloridosublimation of copper. |
Key words | concentration tailings, chloridosublimation, zinc, lead, experiment planning, optimum parameters. |
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Zagorodnyaya A.N., Abisheva Z.S., Sharipova A.S., Zhumabekov Zh.Zh., Sapukov I.A. About composition of osmium, rhenium-containing precipitate isolated from mother liquor of rhenium solid-phase re-extraction operation
Title | About composition of osmium, rhenium-containing precipitate isolated from mother liquor of rhenium solid-phase re-extraction operation |
Authors | Zagorodnyaya A.N., Abisheva Z.S., Sharipova A.S., Zhumabekov Zh.Zh., Sapukov I.A. |
Author´s information | “Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication” JSC, lab of rare scattered elements, Almaty Zagorodnyaya A.N., Dr. Tech.Sci, chief scientific worker Abisheva Z.S., Dr. Tech.Sci., academician of NAS of RK. president of JSC Sharipova A.S., Cand Tech.Sci., scientific worker lab of physical methods of analysis Sapukov I.A., scientific worker “Zhezkazgan Red Met” RSE, Zhezkazgan Zhumabekov Zh.Zh., deputy head of Rare Metals department of Enterprise |
Summary | Paper presents results on research of osmium, rhenium-containing precipitate isolated from mother liquor of rhenium solid-phase re-extraction operation. For isolation of rhenium, demanded in the world market, the technology for its selective extraction is necessary. In view of chemical properties of compounds of both metals the method of sintering with calcium oxide is most acceptable. Methods of atomic emission semiquantitative spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescent, roentgen phase analyses and IR-spectroscopy are used for studying of element and material composition of industrial precipitate sample. The cumulative analysis of results of all physical methods of research shown, that the precipitate represents by complex multicomponent system, containing: free sulfuric acid, its neutral and acid salts of ammonium and zinc well soluble in water, rhenium complex salts. The basic compounds are element sulfur of - modification and solid humic substances, presumably humic acid. Presence in a precipitate of water-soluble compounds of sulfuric acid and its zinc salts allows conditioning precipitate by water repulp washing. Influence of S : L (1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:10), time (30 and 60 minutes), temperature (30, 40, 60 0С) is studied and optimum repulping conditions are found: S : L =1:5, time – 1 h, temperature – 20-40 0С; the size of precipitate particles is determined. Under these conditions the precipitate is friable, its yield decreases 2,3 times to initial weight, and, consequently, metals content raises. Into the solution 5 % rhenium and 2,5 % of osmium are extracted. By results of histograms data precipitate contains particles of the various sizes: 9,5 % with 68,6 – 68,84 nanometers, 6,2 % with 245,3 – 249,9 nanometers, other quantity, measured in a micron. The found size of precipitate particles is necessary for considering at choice of filtering material. |
Key words | osmium, rhenium-containing precipitate, repulping, ammonium perrhenate, precipitate size, rhenium |
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Kozhakhmetov S.M., Kvyatkovskiy S.A., Sadykov S.B., Chekimbaev A.F., Sadykov T.S. Smelting of Gornostayevskoye deposit’s cobalt-nickel oxidized ores with producing ferronickel
Title | Smelting of Gornostayevskoye deposit’s cobalt-nickel oxidized ores with producing ferronickel |
Authors | Kozhakhmetov S.M., Kvyatkovskiy S.A., Sadykov S.B., Chekimbaev A.F., Sadykov T.S. |
Author´s information | “Center of Earth Sciences, Metallurgy and Ore Benefication” JSC, lab of pyrometallurgy of heavy nonferrous metals, Аlmaty Kozhakhmetov S.M., Dr. Tech.Sci, academician of NAS of RK, chief scientific worker, mailto:entc-sultan@mail.ru Kvyatkovskiy S.A., Dr. Tech.Sci, academician of NANS of RK, head of lab “Eurasian science-technological centre “Metals and materials” LTD, Almaty Sadykov T.S., engineer – “Ferronickel combine “Ertys” LTD, Astana Sadykov S.B., Dr. Tech.Sci, academician of NANS of RK, combine director Affiliated branch of NC CPMR RK Chemical-metallurgical institute named after. Zh. Abishev, Karaganda Chekimbaev A.F., Cand Tech.Sci., leading scientific worker |
Summary | The article presents the results of an experimental study of the smelting process of oxidized cobalt-nickel ores (OCNO) from deposit Gornostayevskoe in East Kazakhstan to produce ferronickel. Composition of obtained metallic and oxide products was investigated. Calcined studied ore contained, %: Ni – 0,87; Fe – 13,48; SiO2 – 65,39; CaO – 2,63; Al2O3 – 3,93; P – 0,0045. Charge composition, consisting of this ore, calcium oxide and coke, was calculated to obtain ferronickel of two formulations containing 10 and 15% of Ni, in the temperature range 1470-1600 0C. At the temperature of test smelting 1600 0C and varying amounts of reducing agent – metallurgical coke within 2,0-12,0 % by weight of the ore metal content in the alloys changes in sequent range, %: Ni – 6,45-41,0 and Co – 0,74-3,4. At obtaining alloy with optimum composition, containing 10% of nickel, extraction into it was, %: Ni – 89,4-99,0 and Fe – 21,6-49,0. The gotten results of laboratory tests are recommended for preparation of optimal slag composition and obtaining ferronickel at the stage of pilot testing and commercial development of the technology for processing OCNO of deposit Gornostayevskoe. For processing the poor by nickel OCNO it is very important to obtain optimal technological and technical and economic parameters, providing a low prime cost of nickel in the resulting ferronickel. |
Key words | cobalt-nickel ore, ferronickel, slag, metallurgical coke, charge, nickel, cobalt |
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Kojzhanova A.K., Erdenova M.B., Osipovskaya L.L., Magomedov D.R., Darisheva A.M. Improvement of technology for gold heap leaching from persistent polymetallic ores
Title | Improvement of technology for gold heap leaching from persistent polymetallic ores |
Authors | Kojzhanova A.K., Erdenova M.B., Osipovskaya L.L., Magomedov D.R., Darisheva A.M. |
Author´s information | “Center of Earth Sciences, Metallurgy and Ore Benefication” JSC of “NSTH “Parasat” JSC, lab of noble metals, Аlmaty Kojzhanova A.K., Cand Tech.Sci., senior scientific worker, mailto:aigul_koizhan@mail.ru Erdenova M.B., leading engineer Osipovskaya L.L., Cand.Biol.Sci., senior scientific worker Magomedov D.R., leading engineer Department of intellectual property and international cooperation Darisheva A.M., Cand cChem.Sci., head of department |
Summary | Biochemical leaching technology with using bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was developed for the recovery of precious metals from refractory ores. Technological research of ore samples was conducted: determination of the specific weight of the ore with particle size – 2.5 mm; determination of bulk density of crushed ore; sieve analysis of crushed ore to distribute gold by size classes. Agitation leaching of crushed ore with particle size -2.5 mm and grinded ore with particle size -0.074 mm (90%) was conducted by biochemical technology to extract gold from ore. The chemical and phase compositions of ore sample from Bestobe deposit were investigated by modern physicochemical methods of analysis. The sample has a silicate base, represented by quartz, albite-and-anorthite mixture, muscovite, kaolinite. The gold content in the sample is 3 g/t. The optimal conditions for ore agitation leaching: temperature 25-35 °C, the ratio S : L = 1 : 4, leaching time 10 hours. It was found that silicate framework remains unchanged, the number of cyanide complexes of gold and non-ferrous metal is reduced significantly due to their transition into the solution. Thus, A. ferrooxidans bacteria are used in the experiment to pre-fracture of sulfides for better opening of gold and subsequent cyanide leaching. Results of ore cyanidation showed that in the optimal experimental conditions, the gold recovery is 85%. Whereas use of sodium chloride solution with subsequent cyanidation allowed in 10 hours to recovery about 70% of gold and using iron (III) sulfate solution followed by cyanidation – about 45% of gold. |
Key words | biochemical leaching, ore, gold, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, extraction, bacteria, agitation leaching. |
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Leont’ev L.I., Dmitriev A.N. About the problem of pigmentary titanium dioxide production provision with raw material
Title | About the problem of pigmentary titanium dioxide production provision with raw material |
Authors | Leont’ev L.I., Dmitriev A.N. |
Author´s information | Institute of metallurgy of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg, Russia Leont’ev L.I., Dr. Tech.Sci, academician of RAS, chief scientific worker Dmitriev A.N., Dr. Tech.Sci, academician of RANN, mailto:andrey.dmitriev@mail.ru |
Summary | Questions of a raw materials source for production of pigmentary titanium dioxide in Russia are considered. It is shown that Russia has on the balance huge stocks of titanium-containing ores – ilmenite, titaniferous magnetite, leucoxene and others. So far pigmentary titanium dioxide in Russia was not made. Its consumption per capita remains at a low level – ten times below industrially developed countries. Fields of application of pigmentary titanium dioxide are shown. Dynamics of titanium consumption in 2004-1010 and the forecast for 2011-2015 are presented. The main deposits are shown and recommendations about their development are made. Comparison of production and technical and economic parameters for processing the titanium-containing ores of various deposits of Russia is carried out. It is noted that also titanic sponge, titanic rolling, pig iron, steel, vanadium pentoxide, etc. can be the end products. |
Key words | pigmentary titanium dioxide, titanic rolling, leucoxene concentrate, ilmenite-titaniferous magnetite deposits |
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Magad E., Kojzhanova A.K., Ignat'ev M.M., Kamalov Eh.M., Zenkova G.A. Intensification of gold recovery from Bestobe deposit ore by method of heap leaching
Title | Intensification of gold recovery from Bestobe deposit ore by method of heap leaching |
Authors | Magad E., Kojzhanova A.K., Ignat’ev M.M., Kamalov Eh.M., Zenkova G.A. |
Author´s information | “Center of Earth Sciences, Metallurgy and Ore Benefication” JSC of “NSTH “Parasat” JSC, Аlmaty Magad E., PhD, head of department scientific projects lab of noble metals Kojzhanova A.K., Cand Tech.Sci., senior scientific worker Ignat’ev M.M., Cand Tech.Sci., leading scientific worker Kamalov Eh.M., senior scientific worker Department of intellectual property and international cooperation Zenkova G.A., expert |
Summary | The article presents the results of the analytical, technological research and tests on enlarged percolation leaching of gold from ore samples of Bestobe deposit. With this purpose material composition of the ore was determined by complex of physicochemical researches, also an optimal size of particles at ore crushing was determined (-20 + 10 mm) for heap formation. The required amount of biomass of A. ferrooxidans bacteria was accumulated for ore processing after the acid washing from non-ferrous metals. Acid treatment of the ore along with culture liquid – allow significantly increase gold recovery. The solid sodium peroxide is applied to oxygenate the ore mass (ratio Na2O2:Ore = 1:100). Decomposition of the peroxide at leaching provides increase of gold recovery by ~ 5% and speeds of leaching process ~ 1.5 times. Enlarged tests of biochemical technology for gold recovery from the ore were carried out at the optimum leaching conditions found at laboratory researches and the initial data for projection of heap leaching site were issued. The researches showed the benefits of combined chemical and biochemical heap leaching of low-grade ores, which leads to intensification of the process of gold extraction and saving of sodium cyanide.Ore cyanidation results showed that in the experimental conditions gold extraction degree is quite high. Bacterial gold opening raises the extraction by 8-13 % and the total gold recovery up to 83 %. |
Key words | ore, heap leaching, gold, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, extraction, percolation leaching, bacteria, biochemical technology. |
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Naimanbayev M.A., Ulasyuk S.M., Onayev M.I., Dzhurkanov Zh.K., Alzhanbayeva N.Sh. Ilmenite concentrates briquetting and type of reductant influence on composition of products of ore-thermal smelting
Title | Ilmenite concentrates briquetting and type of reductant influence on composition of products of ore-thermal smelting |
Authors | Naimanbayev M.A., Ulasyuk S.M., Onayev M.I., Dzhurkanov Zh.K., Alzhanbayeva N.Sh. |
Author´s information | Center of Earth Sciences, Metallurgy and Ore Benefication” JSC, lab of titanium and rare refractory metals, Аlmaty Naimanbayev M.A., Cand.Tech.Sci., head of lab. Ulasyuk S.M., scientific worker Onayev M.I., Cand.Tech.Sci., leading scientific worker Dzhurkanov Zh.K., junior scientific worker Alzhanbayeva N.Sh., leading engineer |
Summary | The terms of briquetting were determined: degree of materials grinding – 70% for class -0.074 mm, type and quantity of binder – bentonite clay in the amount of 1% of the mass of the concentrate. The strength of briquets depends on pressure during pressing which should be around 100-120 kg/cm2. It is found that briquette strength also depends on the moisture content and plasticity of the charge. Reduction of residual moisture from 2 to 1% can increase the strength of briquettes almost doubled, the homogeneity of blend improves its malleability. Research on smelting of briquette blend consisting of ilmenite concentrate and reductant. Coke breeze, anthracite and semi-coke derived from Shubarkol coal were used as reductant. The optimum reductant consumption was determined: for coke breeze and semi-coke-70%, for anthracite – 90% from the quantity required to reduce iron oxides to the metal. At reduction smelting of briquettes consist of ilmenite concentrate and coke breeze slags, containing 84.9 % TiO2 and 6.9% FeO were obtained, with anthracite -85.6 % TiO2 and 6.1 % FeO; with semi-coke from Shubark ol′ coal – 86.0 % TiO2 and 5.9 % FeO. The briquetted charge smelting time was 1.5 hours, smelting temperature – 1600оС. For the processing of titanium-bearing raw materials use such cheap reductants as coke breeze and semi-coke derived from Shubarkol coal are recommended. |
Key words | electrosmelting, ilmenite concentrate, briquetting, titanium oxide, iron oxide, titanium slag, charge. |
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Sadykov S.B., Kozhakhmetov S.M., Kvyatkovskiy S.A., Sadykov T.S., Chekimbaev A.F. Studying of properties of synthetic slags modelling slags after smelting of Gornostayevskoe deposit’s oxidized cobalt-nickel ores
Title | Studying of properties of synthetic slags modelling slags after smelting of Gornostayevskoe deposit’s oxidized cobalt-nickel ores |
Authors | Sadykov S.B., Kozhakhmetov S.M., Kvyatkovskiy S.A., Sadykov T.S., Chekimbaev A.F. |
Author´s information | “Ferronickel combine “Ertys” LTD, Astana Sadykov S.B., Dr. Tech.Sci, academician of NANS of RK, combine director “Center of Earth Sciences, Metallurgy and Ore Benefication” JSC, lab of pyrometallurgy of heavy nonferrous metals, Аlmaty Kozhakhmetov S.M., Dr. Tech.Sci, academician of NAS of RK, chief scientific worker, mailto:entc-sultan@mail.ru Kvyatkovskiy S.A., Dr. Tech.Sci, academician of NANS of RK, head of lab “Eurasian science-technological centre “Metals and materials” LTD, Almaty Sadykov T.S., engineer – Affiliated branch of NC CPMR RK Chemical-metallurgical institute named after. Zh. Abishev, Karaganda Chekimbaev A.F., Cand Tech.Sci., leading scientific worker |
Summary | The paper presents results of laboratory researches of properties of the slags modelling slags from processing of oxidized cobalt-nickel ores (ONO) of Gornostayevskoe deposit in East Kazakhstan with obtaining nickel-containing matte and ferronickel. Properties of the slags with earlier determined optimum composition providing the fullest separation of slag, matte and ferronickel are studied. The synthetic slags with corresponding optimum structures, prepared from chemically pure reactants, calcinated at temperature 1000 0С up to constant weight, were subjected to detailed experimental studying. Their viscosity, smelting temperature and phase structures are determined. Viscosity of tested slags was determined by the amplitude-resonance variant of oscillatory viscometry method. Values of slags viscosity depending on temperature are experimentally determined. Slags viscosity in the interval of 1500-1150 0С was within the limits of 1,2-7,7 Па×с. Temperature of slags full melting – within the limits of 1470-1544 0С. Crystallization temperature of slags was determined by the method of half-logarithmic processing of viscosity polytherms. The equations for calculation of phase structure are presented. It is found, the slags phase structure is basically presented by hedenbergite and pseudowollastonite, diopside and anorthite. It is established, that in both slags (modelling slags at smelting on matte and ferronickel) dominating phase is hedenbergite (melting temperature 1230 оС) which characterizes temperature of slags melting. The slags with composition obtained at ONO processing on ferronickel, contain less quantity of iron oxide and have higher viscosity and melting temperature, than the slags modelling composition of slags at nickel matte obtaining. |
Key words | cobalt-nickel ore, nickel-containing matte, ferronickel, slag, nickel, cobalt, slag viscosity, melting temperature, phase structure, composition. |
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Physicochemical studies
Burabayeva N.M., Volodin V.N., Trebukhov S.A., Kasymzhanova A.K., Tuleutaj F.Kh. Liquid-vapor phase transition in lead - lead selenide system
Title | Liquid-vapor phase transition in lead – lead selenide system |
Authors | Burabayeva N.M., Volodin V.N., Trebukhov S.A., Kasymzhanova A.K., Tuleutaj F.Kh. |
Author´s information | “Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication” JSC, lab of vacuum processes, Almaty Burabayeva N.M., Cand Tech.Sci., scientific worker, mailto:Nurilyam_86@mail.ru Volodin V.N., Dr. Phis.-Math. Sci., Dr. Tech.Sci, chief scientific worker Trebukhov S.A., Cand Tech.Sci., head of lab Kasymzhanova A.K., engineer Tuleutaj F.Kh., engineer |
Summary | Based on the magnitude of the partial saturated vapor pressure of components of the system lead – lead selenide, determined by boiling points (isothermal variant) and an indirect variant of the static method, boiling temperature and corresponding to it vapor phase composition were calculated. The phase diagram of the system lead-selenium is supplemented with phase transitions of liquid-vapor (liquid + PbSe + vapor) at atmospheric pressure and in a vacuum of 100 and 10 Pa with the determination of the boundaries of the region for coexistence of liquid and vapor, which indicate the possibility of distillation separation of lead and lead selenide. By lowering the pressure in the quasi-binary system Pb-PbSe field liquid+vapor (L+V) is moved to the area L+PbSe. At temperatures below the liquidus field of liquid, lead selenide solid and vapor phases coexistence appears. The presence of solid phase in the alloy can complicate lead distillation purification process in continuous technology realization. However, the vapor phase above alloys of this part of state diagram at low pressure will be substantially enriched by selenium in the form of lead selenide. At distillation separation of lead from lead selenide and the last one transfers into the vapor phase at low pressure by way of the system depletion of PbSe, an abrupt increase of the boiling point occurs at reaching of liquid solution field, due to the disappearance of lead selenide crystals and its vapor pressure conformable value. On the basis of the state diagram is established that the refining of lead from the selenium impurity in a vacuum will be accompanied by a noticeable evaporation of lead. So to separation of system into lead and lead selenide takes several cycles of evaporation and condensation. |
Key words | lead selenide, lead, state diagram, liquid, vapor, vapor pressure, boiling, crystallization, phase transition. |
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Materials technology
Mukashev K.M., Yar-Mukhamedova G.Sh. Radiation and thermorelaxation processes in the binary titanium alloys
Title | Radiation and thermorelaxation processes in the binary titanium alloys |
Authors | Mukashev K.M., Yar-Mukhamedova G.Sh. |
Author´s information | Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, physicotechnical faculty, solid-state physics and nonlinear physics cathedra Mukashev K.M., Dr. Phis.-Math. Sci., professor Yar-Mukhamedova G.Sh., Dr. Phis.-Math. Sci., professor , mailto:gulmira-alma-ata@mail.ru |
Summary | The article presents the results of study of low-temperature thermocycling influence on radiation damaged titanium alloys getting from various states: annealed at 1173 K, irradiated by alpha particles with energy E=50 MeV and protons with E = 30 MeV. Thermocycling was carried out according to the scheme: immersion of a sample into liquid nitrogen with endurance within 15 min. and the subsequent heating on air during 2 hours. The new physical phenomenon is revealed. It consists in addition and significantly increasing of positrons and conductivity electrons annihilation probability in titanium alloys. This phenomenon is a result of low-temperature alloys thermocycling as from the annealed, well as radiation modified states. Probable mechanism of this phenomenon is comprehensive compression of metal at cryogenic temperature and internal tension. It is shown that these processes, called a non-diffusion relaxation, can lead to reorganization and crushing of crystallites’ grains. Therefore, new condition of metal remains as hardening. It is established that radiation by charged particles leads to considerable redistribution of electrons density in the arising defects. It appears in annihilation probability increasing for WP by 2-3 times and reduction of Fermi impulse corner θF. Thermocycling of the annealed samples also causes noticeable increase of WP and reduction of θF, in some cases same to effect from radiation by protons. |
Key words | thermocycling, radiation, - particles, positrons, binary titanium alloys. |
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