Minerals benefication
Syemushkina L.V., Turysbekov D.K., Tussupbayev N.K., Satylganova S.B., Mukhanova A.A.The multifunctional flotation reagents application for industrial wastes recycling
Title | The multifunctional flotation reagents application for industrial wastes recycling |
Authors | Syemushkina L.V., Turysbekov D.K., Tussupbayev N.K., Satylganova S.B., Mukhanova A.A |
Author´s information | “Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication” JSC, lab of flotation reagents and benefication, Almaty Seymushkina L.V., Cand Tech.Sci, leading scientific worker, syomushkina.lara@mail.ru. Turysbekov D.K., Cand Tech.Sci, senior scientific worker Tussupbayev N.K., Dr. Tech.Sci, head of lab Satylganova S.B, junior scientific worker Mukhanova A.A., scientific worker |
Summary | The possibility for processing of flotation tailings by using modified multifunctional flotation reagent was studied in the article. The modified multifunctional collector is a mixture of composite Aeroflot, TS-1000 and butyl xanthate with reactants ratios 1:1:3. The advantage of offered flotation reagent is its composition including two polar groups and long hydrocarbon radical. This structure at the flotation process in the water plays dual role: firstly, as a collector, adsorbing the mineral on the surface, forms metal complexes with polar groups in the form of weak links, secondly, apolar radicals flocculates sludgy valuable components, thereby intensifying the flotation process. The possibility for processing of tailings from ores floatation beneficiation at Zhezkazgan concentrating plant was investigated by application of these multifunctional flotation agents. The scheme of concentrating plant’s tailings recycling by flotation includes regrinding, general and control flotation and three re-cleaning of rough copper concentrate. It is shown that at the flotation of Zhezkazgan concentrating plant’s tailings by using lesser consumption of the modified reagent in comparison with initial butyl xanthate, rough copper concentrate was obtained with 80.22 % recovery and with copper content in it – 13.0 %. In comparison with the basic technology the content of copper in the rough concentrate increases by 5.1 %, and the recovery – increases by 31.4 %. |
Key words | flotation tailings, re-grinding, extraction, recovery, multifunctional reagent, flotation, copper concentrate, beneficiation |
References |
|
Shautenov M.R., Ajtulova A.N.The device for floatation reagents modifying by energy exposure
Title | The device for floatation reagents modifying by energy exposure |
Authors | Shautenov M.R., Ajtulova A.N. |
Author´s information | K.I. Satpaev’s Kazakh National Research Technical University, cathedra of nobel metals and benefication of mineral resources, Almaty Shautenov M.R., Cand Tech. Sci., head of cathedra, shautenov_m@mail.ru Ajtulova A.N., undergraduate for master’s degree |
Summary | The device for floatation reagents modifying is developed on the basis of energy – ultrasonic and electrochemical – influences on them. It allows increase technological properties of the treated reagents at minerals floatation benefication. Sharing of the above types of the energy influence is caused by complementary effects from each of them. In particular, the effective conducting of electrochemical processing of the solutions of reagents requires intensive hashing of the solution for increase of probability of the processed reagents ions coming to a surface of electrodes and off-take of the formed products into the solution volume. The elimination of the process of the working electrodes surface passivation is reached by use of ultrasonic fluctuations. The principle of the device operation is described. The technical parameters of the device for the specified combined processing of liquid environments are established: frequency of ultrasonic fluctuations – 2-40 kHz; the intensity of the ultrasonic field – 0,2-0,4 W/cm², the surface of the working electrodes – 1,45×10-2m²; current density – 140-220 A/m²; the pressure of the working liquid on an entrance – 0,2-0,4 mPa; the productivity – 0,8-1,0 m3/h. The use of the specified types of the processing of reagents expands the nomenclature of the substances – the floatation reagents, which in usual conditions can’t be used because of high viscosity and/or low solubility in water. The examples of zinc-lead ore floatation benefication with use of treated and raw xanthogenate are given. The increase of extraction extent of lead and zinc for 3.52 and 2.82 % respectively is established at using treated reagent. That leads to decrease of these metals content in flotation tailings. The developed method and the device can be used at flotation of various ores at concentrating factories of the country. |
Key words | flotation reagents, modification, sonication, electrochemical effects, apparatus, installation, ore benefication, zinc-lead ore. |
References |
|
Metallurgy
Altybaeva D.Kh., Tleugabulov S.M. (Almaty) On the possibility of implementing the process of “ore-steel” by limiting the carburization of metal
Title | On the possibility of implementing the process of “ore-steel” by limiting the carburization of metal |
Authors | Altybaeva D.Kh., Tleugabulov S.M. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Kazakh National Research Technical University. K.I. Satpayev, Department of Nonferrous Metallurgy, Almaty Altybaeva D.Kh., doctoral student, didishka_88@mail.ru Tleugabulov S.M., Dr. tech. sciences, professor of the department |
Summary | Two-phase process in metallurgy of iron and steel, based on cast-iron reducing smelting, including blastfurnace out melting of carbonized metals, and on oxidizing melting of steel is a basis of the industry. Now both the first and the second stage of production are realized on the basis of construction of huge units of a metallurgical complex that leads to high capital expenses and cost price of metal products. Besides the second stage – oxidizing smelting of steel is opposite to the first one by character of process and along with oxidation of carbon excess leads to oxidation of all useful reduced metals. So, researches on determining possibility for decrease of metal carbonization at reductive smelting stage and as result direct steel getting are carried out. The technique for research of iron and accompanying metals solid-phase reduction directly by solid carbon is developed on the basis of new dissociation – adsorptive mechanism. Unlike the existing mechanism of iron reduction by hot reducing gas, it allows to count and adjust more precisely stoichiometrical consumption of carbon, without formation of its excess. The new approach to the organization of process is approved on laboratory installations at processing of furnace charge consisted on the basis of iron, manganese, chromium at stoichiometrical consumption of solid carbon for reduction of each metal. Results of calculations and experimental researches of solid-phase reduction of metals in an interval of 600-1200 °C with the subsequent continuous melting of charge at 1550-1600 °C are presented. Samples of metal ingots are obtained at the given interval of charge composition change. Chemical compositions of the obtained samples of ingots which correspond to structure of steels alloyed by manganese and chrome are presented. |
Key words | ore, steel, iron, pig-iron, carbon, manganese, chromium, reduction, stoichiometrical composition. |
References |
|
Shevko V.M., Serzhanov G.M., Ajtkulov D.K., Uteeva R.A., Karataeva G.E.Technology for processing oxide copper-containing ores with production of cement copper and ferrosilicon
Title | Technology for processing oxide copper-containing ores with production of cement copper and ferrosilicon |
Authors | Shevko V.M., Serzhanov G.M., Ajtkulov D.K., Uteeva R.A., Karataeva G.E. |
Author´s information |
M. Auezov’s Southern Kazakhstan State university, cathedra of metallurgy, Shymkent Shevko V.M., Dr. Tech. Sci., professor of cath., sunstroke_91@mail.ru Serzhanov G.M., holder of technical master’s degree, scientific worker Ajtkulov D.K., Dr. Tech. Sci., professor, first vice-chancellor of Southern Kazakhstan State university Uteeva R.A., holder of technical master’s degree, junior scientific worker Karataeva G.E., Cand. Tech. Sci., junior scientific worker, lecturer of cath. |
Summary | Low floatability of mixed and oxide copper-containing ores at their concentration is caused by thin mutual intergrowth of minerals and presence of oxide minerals: chrysocollas, dioptase, atacamite. So, development of the innovative technologies providing not only extraction of copper, but also manufacture of competitive production from a nonmetalliferous component is necessary for these ores processing. The article contains the research results on development of a integrated technology for processing Sayak and Shatyrkol deposits ores. The experiment results show that the chloride sublimation roasting in a mixture with calcium chloride at 1000-1090°С allows to take into sublimates 95.8-97 % of copper, which contains 42,5-50,8 % of copper. The analysis of sublimates was conducted with use of raster microscope JSM-6490LV. Processing of “dry” sublimates by hydrometallurgical methods (including cementation by iron) allows to produce a cement copper with copper content of 72.5-82.6 %. The “wet” catching of chlorides with the subsequent hydrometallurgical processing of the obtained solutions provides the production of a cement copper with copper content of 68-79 %. At the electrosmelting of cinders produced at the chloride sublimation roasting of ore in a mixture with coke and steel cuttings the extraction degree of silicon into an alloy is 71,4-73,6 % and silicon content in the alloy is 43,3-44,5 %. On the basis of the researches the integrated chloride-electrothermal technology for processing of oxide hard-dressing copper-containing ores is offered. The technological scheme of the processing with “dry” and “wet” systems for chloride sublimates condensation is presented. |
Key words | hard-dressing ores, chloride sublimation roasting, chloride sublimates, cement copper, ferroalloy. |
Reference |
|
Physical-chemical studies
Kogan. V.S., Raikhman G.O.Kinetics of tin and concomitant metals leaching from electronic scrap
Title | Kinetics of tin and concomitant metals leaching from electronic scrap |
Authors | Kogan. V.S., Raikhman G.O. |
Author´s information |
All Trade Recycling Ltd. company, research division, Petakh Tikva,Israel Kogan. V.S., Cand. Chem. Sci, head of division, Vladimir@atrecycling.com Raikhman G.O., general director of comp. |
Summary | The thermodynamics and kinetics of leaching tin and related metals, such as copper, nickel, iron, zinc, aluminum and lead, from electronic scrap by using sulfate – chloride solutions were studied. Leaching was carried out on pre-shredded computer scrap after magnetic separation. It is shown that the kinetics of the heterogeneous process of tin dissolution by using sulfate – chloride solution is adequately described by Yander equation. The limiting step is the diffusion of the liquid solvent inside the particles of the solid phase. By using the Arrhenius equation the value of the activation energy was calculated, and it was 29.050 kJ / mol. From the dependence of the rate constants on the temperature and composition of the leaching solution empirical equation: α=1-[1-(3,62·10-5·t·[H2SO4]5,55·[KCl]1,77·e-29050/RT)1/2]3 was derived, which was used to simulate the process of tin leaching from computer scrap. Based on the modeling and the experimental data, the optimal conditions for computer scrap leaching by using sulfate – chloride solution containing 4.0 mol / dm3 H2SO4 and 3.2 mol / dm3 KCl was evaluated. Under optimal conditions: temperature 363 K, the processing time – 3.5 h, the phases ratio of liquid: solid = 5 : 1, tin recovery reaches 96 %. While only 3.6 and 1.6 % of copper and nickel pass into solution respectively. |
Key words | hydrometallurgy, computer scrap, thermodynamics, kinetics, metallic tin dissolution, Yander equation. |
Reference |
|
Makasheva A.M., Malyshev V.P., Bugaeva Ya.A.Temperature dependence of the dynamic viscosity of gaseous nitric oxide
Title | Temperature dependence of the dynamic viscosity of gaseous nitric oxide |
Authors | Makasheva A.M., Malyshev V.P., Bugaeva Ya.A. |
Author´s information |
Zh. Abishev’s Chemical and Metallurgical Institute, Lab of entropic-information analysis, Karaganda Makasheva A.M., Dr. Tech.Sci., chief scientific worker, astra_mun@mail.ru Malyshev V.P., Dr. Tech.Sci., head of lab., eia_hmi@mail.ru Bugaeva Ya.A., laboratory technician, undergraduate for master’s degree of Karaganda State technical university |
Summary | On the basis of the Boltzmann distribution and the concept of randomized particles the authors developed an increasing temperature dependence of the dynamic viscosity of the gases. The model designed for the viscosity of the gas was obtained by comparing the viscosity of the gas rationing with dominant influence of vapor-mobile particles in this state of matter. Physically vapor-mobile particles, being the most energy-intensive because of their more frequent collisions, pose the greatest obstacles to the free movement of the gas or condensed bodies in it, as these collisions are not perfectly elastic, but they are viscoelastic, serving as a source of internal friction. The gaseous state vapor-mobile particles form a contact set. Therefore, the influence of system of vapor-mobile particles is adopted as the basis of the temperature dependence of the viscosity of the gaseous state. The new equation is similar in form to cluster and associate model of dynamic viscosity for liquids, but opposite by the effect of temperature. All calculations on the proposed model illustrated by gaseous nitric oxide (I) and (II). Full correlation of the calculated and reference data for these substances indicates a functional character of the new model, which is confirmed by comparing the statistical characteristics of non-linear multiple correlation coefficient equal to one. Index c similar degree of association in both cases is positive, what is confirmed by the mandatory increase of the gases viscosity with increasing temperature in accordance with the developed model, which is based on an increase of viscosity with an increase of the proportion of vapor-mobile particles. But index c in new equations decreases with increasing temperature, which is apparently associated with the additional influence in the gaseous phase of the crystal-mobile particles arranged in clusters and associates. |
Key words | Boltzmann distribution, randomized particles, dynamic viscosity, gas, nitric oxide. |
Reference |
|
Nitsenko A.V.Calculation estimate of the diffusion coefficient of arsenic vapor in an inert medium
Title | Calculation estimate of the diffusion coefficient of arsenic vapor in an inert medium |
Authors | Nitsenko A. V. |
Author´s information |
“Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication” JSC, lab of vacuum processes Nitsenko A. V., Cand. Tech. Sci., senior scientific worker, аlina_nitsenko@gmail.com |
Summary | Arsenic is one of the admixture elements subjected to prior removal from metallurgical raw materials. It is connected with its negative effect on the technology and the environment. One of the most effective ways to its extract is a thermal treatment in vacuum. It is necessary to know the physical laws of mass transfer and information about the kinetic coefficients for the calculation and design of apparatus for raw materials processing. Lack of information about arsenic diffusion in different mediums was ascertained at inspection of the published papers about gas dynamics of sublimation processes. Therefore, we choose the most acceptable method for the calculation of arsenic diffusion coefficient in argon for the practical use with experimental check of data. Two ways of the calculation of diffusion coefficient of arsenic vapor in argon were selected: Chapman-Enskij and Wilke-Lee. They allow receiving quite reliable data with a small amount of assumptions and approximate calculations of unknown parameters. As a result close values of data were obtained at the calculation by the selected equations. It lets to suppose that the selected equations give objective results, and they are quite suitable for calculation of the diffusion coefficient in a low vacuum (up to ~3,3 kPa). It was ascertained that the value of the diffusion coefficient of arsenic vapor in argon increases with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure. Experimental value of the diffusion coefficient of arsenic vapor in argon was obtained by method of steady flow for the check of accuracy of the calculated data. On the basis of the conducted work it is concluded that the selected equations are quite suitable for the calculation of the diffusion coefficient of arsenic vapor in argon adjusted for error. Great value of the error is connected with the carrying out additional calculations of unknown quantities. |
Key words | diffusion coefficient, arsenic, argon, calculation, pressure, temperature. |
Reference |
|
Investigation of electrochemical processes
Dzhambek A.A., Dzhambek O.I., Blajda I.A., Vasil’eva T.V., Slyusarenko L.I.Research of process of coal-concentrating dump leaching by method of cyclic voltammetry
Title | Research of process of coal-concentrating dump leaching by method of cyclic voltammetry |
Authors | Dzhambek A.A., Dzhambek O.I., Blajda I.A., Vasil’eva T.V., Slyusarenko L.I. |
Author´s information |
Odessa I.I. Mechnikov’s National University, Biotechnology science-educational center, problem research lab. of fuel elements, Odessa, Ukraine Dzhambek A.A., senior scientific worker Dzhambek O.I., scientific worker, odzhambek@gmail.com Blajda I.A., Cand. Tech. Sci., head of lab. Vasil’eva T.V., Cand. Biol. Sci., senior scientific worker Slyusarenko L.I., scientific worker |
Summary | The results of electrochemical research of process of leaching of metals from coal-concentrating dump by solutions of mineral components were shown. The object of the research was a red sample of coal-concentrating dump with long term of accumulation, in which the presence of aborigine bacteria is possible. The red sample of dump contains considerable quantity of compounds of Fe with a different oxidation degree in comparison with compounds of other metals. Therefore the ions of Fe are potential-determining. The change of concentration of ions Fe2+ and Fe3+ in a solution will determine the speed of leaching process. The method of cyclic voltammetry was used for determination of concentration of ions Fe2+ and Fe3+ at their joint presence. The basis of the determination technique is the dependence of value of current I from concentration of ions Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the solution. On the basis of the obtained data the dependence of concentrations Fe2+, Fe3+ and oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) of system on time of leaching is determined. The researches show, that the system potential change at metals leaching from solid substratum by mineral solutions is caused by change of a ratio of ions Fe2+ and Fe3+ concentrations. The time of Fe2+ ↔ Fe3+ equilibrium establishing characterizes the speed of oxidation-reduction reaction, i.e. speed of leaching. According to data of dependence of oxidation-reduction potential of system on time of leaching, establishing of Fe2+ ↔ Fe3+ equilibrium for nutritious environment occurs on 6th day, and for 0,1 н Н2SO4 – on 12th. Obviously, at the presence of ions Fe2+ in nutritious environment, the speed of iron leaching process is increasing. |
Key words | solid coal-concentrating dumps, leaching, cyclic voltammetry, metals, iron ions. |
Reference |
|
Industrial waste utilization
Vasil’eva T.V., Blajda I.A., Vasil’eva N.Yu., Khitrich V.F., Brodyazhenko T.A.The role of mesophilic and moderately thermophilic bacteria in processes of germanium-containing industrial wastes recycling
Title | The role of mesophilic and moderately thermophilic bacteria in processes of germanium-containing industrial wastes recycling |
Authors | Vasil’eva T.V., Blajda I.A., Vasil’eva N.Yu., Khitrich V.F., Brodyazhenko T.A. |
Author´s information |
Odessa I.I. Mechnikov’s National University, Biotechnology science-educational center, problem research lab. of fuel elements, Odessa, Ukraine Vasil’eva T.V., Cand. Biol. Sci., senior scientific worker Blajda I.A., Cand.Tech.Sci., head of lab., iblayda@ukr.net Vasil’eva N.Yu., Cand. Biol. Sci., senior scientific worker Khitrich V.F., scientific worker Brodyazhenko T.A., student of biology faculty |
Summary | The results of a comprehensive study of chemolithotrophic acidophilus bacteria cultures isolated from industrial wastes of coal-concentrating and power companies are shown in the article. The classic microbiological and chemical research methods were used in the work. The basic biological properties were studied for six isolated bacterial cultures: characteristics of autotrophic and mixotrophic growth, attitude towards the various sources of energy, the ability to leach metals from industrial wastes. A similarity of newly isolated cultures to previously isolated from the natural sulphide niches and described in the literature was confirmed. The probable mechanism of bacterial-chemical oxidation of iron and thiosulfate by chemolithotrophic acidophilic bacteria considered in the article Isolated strains belong to different cultures and phylogenetically distant groups – gram-negative bacteria genus Acidithiobacillus and gram-positive genus Sulfobacillus. The high efficiency of metals extraction from waste dumps of central concentrator factory of Lviv-Volyn Coal Basin and from fly ash of coal-burning power plants in the Ladyzhynskaya was showed for studied bacterial cultures. The mesophilic strains A.sp.MFLv37 and A.sp.MFLad27 isolated from industrial wastes of coal-concentrating and power companies oxidize sulfur and its reduced compounds and iron (ferrous). Two other strains – A.sp.MFLv69 and A.sp.MFLad73 did not use iron as an energy source. Independently on the source of energy, these strains have highly leaching activity: efficiency of extraction of rare metals – germanium and gallium was 79,8-86,9 and 70,33-83,0%. The comparative analysis of the results shows that, no matter where the strain was isolated, the most active were moderately thermophilic strains of S. sp.UTFLv35 and S. sp. UTFLad29. |
Key words | solid coal-concentrating dumps, fly ash, bacterial leaching, mesophilic and moderately thermophilic chemolithotrophic bacteria, germanium, gallium, toxic metals |
Reference |
|
Kogan. V.S., Raikhman G.O.Behavior of metal-containing and nonmetallic useful components at physical-mechanical recycling and hydrometallurgical processing of electronic scrap
Title | Behavior of metal-containing and nonmetallic useful components at physical-mechanical recycling and hydrometallurgical processing of electronic scrap |
Authors | Kogan. V.S., Raikhman G.O. |
Author´s information |
All Trade Recycling Ltd. company, research division, Petakh Tikva,Israel Kogan. V.S., Cand. Chem. Sci, head of division, Vladimir@atrecycling.com Raikhman G.O., general director of comp. |
Summary | The paper presents the results of industrial testing of physical-mechanical enrichment plant for recycling dismantled electronic equipment (ESRA-Recycling Plant), developed by UNTHA Recycling technik GmbH. In the process of waste electronic equipment disposal the distribution of the ferromagnetic materials, steel, aluminum, tantalum, copper, tin, precious metals (gold, silver, palladium, platinum) and plastic was studied. It is shown that the presented installation produces the following marketable products: iron concentrate, containing 84-92 % Fe at extracting 78.6 %, aluminum concentrate, containing 86-89 % Al at extracting 62.3 %, the non-metal concentrate, containing various grades of plastic with content of 86-91 % polymers, at extracting 34.8 %, copper concentrate containing 68-72 % Cu, at extracting 68.8 %, tantalum product having 36 % Ta at extracting 58.6 %, PCB (Personal Computer Boards) concentrate with the average composition, mass. %: 18-22 Cu; 1-3 Al; 5-6 Sn; 2-4 Ni; 1-3 Zn; 7-8 Fe; 1-3 Pb; 0,12-0,18 Ag; 0,012-0,016 Au; 0,004-0,006 Pd; 0,001-0,004 Pt; rest – plastic, ceramic and rubber. Hydrometallurgical treatment of PCB’s concentrate was studied in order to tin recovery into additional marketable product. As a result of hydrometallurgical processing, tin recovery in the form of metal powder was 89% with content 97 % of Sn. |
Key words | physical and mechanical enrichment plant, electronic scrap, shredding, magnetic separation, Eddy Current separation, optical separation, hydrometallurgical processing. |
Reference |
|