Mining
Title | K10 stratum gas content estimation based on actual data of gassing under sherubajnurin site terms |
Authors | Portnov V.S., Filimonov E.N., Mausymbaeva A.D., Akhmatnurov D.R., Mussin R.A. |
Author´s information | Karaganda State Technical University, KaragandaPortnov V.S., Dr. Tech.Sci., professor of Karaganda State Technical University Mausymbaeva A.D., Cand.Tech.Sci, lecturer Ahmatnurov D.R., doctoral student Mussin R.A., doctoral student of cathedra ”RMPI”USSHMD UD JSC «ArcelorMittal Temirtau», KaragandaFilimonov E.N., Cand.Tech.Sci, mining engineer |
Summary | The quantitative characteristic of methane content in a coal layer is natural gas content. Various techniques based on calculation and actual data on the gassing from the stratum at its development were used to determine the value of the natural gas content in coal stratum K10 of Sherubajnurin site of Karaganda coal basin. Adjustment of the specified values by comparison of the results getting with various methods is led. The exact value of gas content needs to know for design of stratum excavation – the daily capacity, ventilation parameters, degassing and others, depending on the methane content in the stratum and eventual its release at conducting sewage treatment works. Method of the research is based on the calculation of the gas-bearing by Langmuir coefficients and on selection and processing of coal samples by the method of the company DMT GmbH & Co.KG, as well as on the actual gassing from the stratum during its development. Data of the researches of stratum к10 at its working out at field of shaft “Abaiskaya” UD “Aselor Mittal Temirtau” JSC are presented. It is shown, that gas content in coal strata of Sherubajnurin site increases with depth according to dependence described by the regression equation. It is found, that natural gas content of stratum’s к10 northern wing of mine fields “Abaiskaya” is slightly higher, than southern wing (18-19 m3/t against 14.5 m3/t), but gassing of the southern wing considerably exceeds those of northern wing. So, for the first time in the Karaganda basin gas-bearing coal stratum gas content, the nature of the unloading effect on its value were complex studied. |
Key words | coal stratum, gas-bearing, gas content, methane, degassing. |
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Minerals benefication
Title | Evaluation by size distribution and content in the lower class by sieve analysis |
Authors | Malyshev V.P., Makasheva A.M., Zubrina Yu. S., Katkeeva G.L. |
Author´s information | Zh. Abishev’s Chemical and Metallurgical Institute, Karaganda, Lab of entropic-information analysis, KaragandaMalyshev V.P., Dr. Tech.Sci., head of lab, professor Makasheva A.M., Dr. Tech.Sci., chief scientific worker, professor Zubrina Yu. S., undergraduate for master’s degree of Karaganda State technical university Katkeeva G.L., Cand.Tech.Sci, docent |
Summary | In practice, initial and current fractional composition of the crushed material is presented with indication of the total content of the lower classes due to the difficulty of performing sieve analysis for micron and submicron particles representing slime fraction. Its importance for the efficiency of the flotation is large and requires a rapid assessment. In order to accurately estimate the fractional composition of the thin class representing a total content of the material under the low sieve, should be observed condition of “steep decline” to the direction of thin fractions and strict equality of the calculated values to the total value P-dj. These requirements are fulfilled on the basis of the calculation of rapidly convergent sums of series to certain predetermined value. In the result received a calculated dependence of the content of the lower fractions Pi = (1 – P-dj) Pi-dj, which guarantees a steep decline Pi and the condition ∑∞ i=1 = Pi = P-dj. For each member of the series, i.e. for output of any thin fraction i in composition of lower class P-dj was derived more general expression of such a function, enhancing its adaptive capabilities: Pi = P-dj(r–1)(1/r)i wherein r>1. When r = 1/P-dj this function is reduced to the base. The proposed formulas for the calculation of the output of the lower classes were checked by the experimental data, indicating the adequacy of implementation of the proposed dependencies. |
Key words | distribution, evaluation, fineness, size, residual class, sieve analysis. |
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Metallurgy
Title | Recovery of rare earth metals from the phosphorus production slag and obtaining of silicate solution |
Authors | Karshigina Z.B., Abisheva Z.S., Bochevskaya E.G., Ata Akchil, Bakhireva N.A. |
Author´s information |
«Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication» JSC, Almaty, Lab of rare and scattered elements Karshigina Z.B., junior scientific worker Suleyman Demirel University, Engineering Faculty, Isparta, Turkey Ata Akchil., Ph.D, professor |
Summary | The results of studies on treating phosphorus production slag with using acid and alkaline reagents are presented in thе article. Studies on autoclave leaching of phosphorus slag by sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate solutions indicated that the recovery of silicon into solution was 1.1 and 16.6 %, respectively. This article also contains the results of studies on treating phosphorus production slags with extraction of rare earth metals (REMs) into the solution. The following parameters were selected for leaching studies: nitric acid concentration is 7.5 mol/dm3; liquid-to-solid ratio is 2.6 cm3/g; temperature is 60 ºС; process duration is 1 hour; stirring speed is 500 rpm and the recovery of rare-earth metals into the solution were 98, calcium – 99.1, aluminum – 99, and iron – 18.8 %. Silicon containing cake with ~75-80% of SiO2 was obtained; it is useful for obtaining of precipitated silicon dioxide. Leaching of the cake obtained from nitric acid opening of the phosphorus slag was carried out by sodium hydroxide solution in a temperature-controlled cell at 98 оС and in an autoclave at 220 оС. It was established that the carrying out the process in a temperature-controlled cell at 98 оС is the most effective process. Under these conditions, silicon extraction into the solution was 97.9 %. The flow sheet for complex processing of phosphorus production slag, which will allow obtain a concentrate of rare-earth metals, precipitated silicon dioxide (“white soot”), building materials and fertilizers is offered. |
Key words | rare earth metals, phosphorus slag, leaching, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, recovery. |
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Title | Complex processing of nonconventional titanium-containing raw materials by fluoride technology |
Authors | Krysenko G.F., Epov D.G ,. Medkov M.A, Nikolaev A.I. |
Author´s information |
Institute of Chemistry of Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, Lab of processing of mineral raw materials Krysenko G. F., Cand. Chem.Sci, scientific worker, Krisenko@ich.dvo.ru Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements and Mineral Raw Materials of I.V.Tananaev of Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia, Lab of chemistry and technology of refractory rare element raw materials Nikolaev A. I., Dr. Tech.Sci, Corresponding member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy director on sciences for V. Tananaev Institute |
Summary | The data on investigation of complex processing of perovskite and loparite concentrates of Kola Peninsula by ammonium hydrodifluoride with extraction of all valuable components are presented. Fluorination of titanium-containing raw materials was carried out in the nickel container which placed into the reactor with electric heating. The breakdown by ammonium hydrodifluoride was carried out at temperature 160-170 and 180-190 оС and a mass ratio of a concentrate to a fluorinating reagent 1:1.9 and 1:1.7 for perovskite and loparite concentrates accordingly. Thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence analyses were used in the study. It was shown that at fluorinating reagent melting temperature the interaction proceeds on the border of diffusion and kinetic areas, and in NH4HF2 melt – in kinetic area and with higher reaction speed. Values of activation energy of interaction were equal to 69.1 and 74.4 kJ/mol for perovskite and loparite concentrates accordingly. It was determined that interaction of the basic components of titanium-containing raw materials with ammonium hydrodifluoride proceeds with formation of complex fluoroammonium salts of: titanium (NH4)2TiF6, iron (NH4)3FeF6, rare-earth elements NH4LnF4, niobium (NH4)3NbOF6, silicon (NH4)2SiF6 and simple fluorides of calcium CaF2 and sodium NaF. It was shown that water leaching of the fluorinated product allowed to extract niobium and tantalum into solution together with fluoroammonium salts of titanium and silicon, from which it is possible to isolate them with extraction and to concentrate rare-earth elements in the insoluble rest in the form of complex salts of general composition NaLnF4. It was found that pyrohydrolysis of the insoluble rest at 700 оС and the following treatment of the obtained product with nitric acid allows to extract ~90 % of rare-earth elements into a solution and then to separate them as hydroxides by alkaline hydrolysis. |
Key words | perovskite, loparite, concentrate, rare-earth elements, ammonium hydrodifluoride, fluorination, fluoroammonium salts. |
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Title | Composition and Technological Properties of Chromium-Rich Ilmenite Concentrate |
Authors | Naimanbayev M.A., Ulasyuk S.М., Smirnov K.M., Onayev М.I., Kasymzhanov K.K. |
Author´s information |
«Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication» JSC, Almaty, Lab of titanium and rare refractory metals Naimanbayev M.A., Cand. Tech. Sci., head of lab., madali_2011@inbox.ru «Leading Research Institute of Chemical Technology» JSC of State Corporation «Rosatom», department “Complex processing of minerals”, Lab of leaching and separation processes technology, Moscow, Russia Smirnov K.M., Cand. Tech. Sci., head of department, smirnov@vniiht.ru |
Summary | The substantial composition and technological properties of the ilmenite concentrate of the Obukhov deposit were studied. It was found out that ilmenite as the main mineral containing iron-titanium transformed substantially into pseudorutile due to secondary processes. Ilmenite grains have a zonal structure caused by presence of the central unaltered part in the form of ilmenite and the outer leucoxenized layer in the form of pseudorutil. The content of minerals containing iron and uranium in the concentrate is 87 %. The main impurity in the concentrate is alumochromite (up to 10 %). The briquetting capacity and recoverability of ilmenite concentrate were studied during assessment of technological properties. Special coke and metallurgical coke from the Shubarkol coal deposit were used as a reducing agent. At comparing the reduction degree of the ilmenite concentrate by using special coke and metallurgical coke from the Shubarkol coal it was found out that special coke had the best reactivity. The briquetting conditions were determined: the size of grinding of a reducing agent – 70 % under class – 0.074 mm; bentonite clay was used as a binder in the amount of 1 % by weight of the concentrate. The degree of ilmenite reduction in briquettes in comparison with the powdered charge is 6-8 % more, which was achieved due to the close contact between the reducing agent and concentrate during briquetting. At 1000 °C the iron oxides in briquettes are recovered at the level of 39.7 %, and in the powdered feed – 32.6 %. Established optimum temperature of reduction roasting is 1250–1300 оС. While more than 90 % of metal iron is extracted into the magnetic fraction. Non-magnetic fraction contains titanium dioxide and chromium trioxide. At firing temperature increase more than 1300 оС titanium dioxide and chromium trioxide begin to extract into the magnetic fraction. |
Key words | ilmenite concentrate, pseudorutile, alumochromite, briquetting, reduction, special coke, metallurgical coke, chromium oxide, iron oxide. |
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Physical-chemical studies
Title | Melt – vapour phase transition in the quasibinary system of iron and tin monosulfides |
Authors | Volodin V.N., Trebukhov S.A., Burabaeva N.M., Nitsenko A.V., Tuleutaj F.Kh. |
Author´s information |
«Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication» JSC, Lab of vacuum processes, Almaty Volodin V.N., Dr. Tech.Sci., Dr. Phys. Math. Sci., chief scientific worker Nitsenko A.V. Cand Tech.Sci., scientific worker Tuleutaj F.Kh., engineer |
Summary | Boiling point and corresponding to it composition of the vapor in all interval of liquid system FeS-SnS concentrations at atmospheric pressure and at the vacuum of 700 Pa were calculated, which takes place in a vacuum-thermal mattes processing. The boiling point is calculated on the basis of borrowed dependence of the partial pressure of tin monosulfide saturated vapor, determined by the flow method above melts with iron monosulfide, and the pressure of iron monosulfide saturated vapor, found by integrating the Gibbs-Duhem equation. Reducing the pressure up to 700 Pa is accompanied by a significant decrease of the boiling point of solutions and increase of matte melt components separation factor. Subject to polymetallic mattes processing temperature and position of curve of composition of SnS vapor – edge of state diagram in vacuum to expect almost complete separation of the sulfides in one step. Based on the vapor pressure values in accordance with the known dependencies thermodynamic functions of formation and evaporation of liquid alloys of FeS-SnS were determined. Tin and iron monosulfides liquid solutions formation is endothermic and flows with heat absorption. The maximum of integral mixing enthalpy change is 1.38 kJ/mol, entropy – 5.6 J/(mol•K) and corresponds to an equimolar solution. Sulphides form stable throughout the range of concentrations liquid alloys. Determined thermodynamic functions of formation and evaporation of molten FeS-SnS quasi-binary systems complement the base of thermodynamic constants of these compounds. |
Key words | tin monosulfide, iron monosulfide, vapor pressure, entropy, enthalpy, partial functions, integrated functions, mixing, evaporation. |
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Title | About the signs of discernibility at calculating the entropy of the grinding process |
Authors | Zubrina Yu.S., Malyshev V.P., Makasheva A.M. |
Author´s information |
Zh. Abishev’s Chemical and Metallurgical Institute. Lab of entropic-information analysis, Karaganda Zubrina Yu. S., undergraduate for master’s degree of Karaganda State technical university |
Summary | There are three possible ways to calculate the entropy of the grinding process in view of various signs of distinguishability of fractional composition of the crushing material: by the average grain size, the surface area and the number of grains in each fraction. In this article performed a comparative analysis of the physical and mathematical importance of signs of discernibility of the fractional composition of the crushed material by the above mentioned options to calculate the entropy of the grinding process. The most expedient for analyzing the entropy of process of fractions mixing is using the average grain size as most directly related to notion fraction. And the grains surface area and the number of grains reflect indirectly the process of mixing of the material during grinding. Because they are only secondary signs of discernibility with respect to material fractionation by linear size. So it is difficult to determine real surface area and real number of grains in each fraction. Usefulness of the average grain size for calculating the entropy of the grinding process consists in the fact that in the case of using sign of discernibility by surface area and, moreover, by the number of grains takes place a strong distortion of the uniform distribution of fractions by given same mass and volume of all fractions. Thus, for analyze of the entropy of grinding process should be used fractionation of the material by size of grains with a given law of their sequential fracture. |
Key words | grinding, entropy, calculation, signs of discernibility, comparative analysis. |
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Title | Uranium sorption from groundwater by using of schungite, phosphogypsum and products of their modification |
Authors | Saduakassova A.T., Samoilov V.I., Zelenin V.I., Kulenova N.A. |
Author´s information |
D. Serikbaev’s East Kazakhstan state technical university, Ust Kamenogorsk Saduakassova A.T., doctoral student, a_saduakasova@mail.ru The first President of Russia B.N.Yeltsin’s Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia Zelenin V.I., Dr. Tech. Sci., professor of cath. «Рhysical colloidal chemistry» |
Summary | Hydro-mineral raw materials – ocean, sea, lake and ground waters – are perspective sources for metals extracting particularly uranium by sorption. In presented research natural schungite of Koksu deposite (Kazakhstan), phosphogypsum – production waste of Mid-Ural copper-smelting plant (Russia), their composition and products of their modification were used for uranium extracting from the groundwater with uranium concentration 246 µg/L. Methods for schungite modification, obtaining the composition based on phosphogypsum and schungite and conditions of its modification are presented. Copper, nickel and zinc hydroxides, tri-butyl phosphate were used as modifying agents. Perspectives of researched modification methods using for ion-exchange materials’ sorption capacity increasing are estimated. It was shown that modified schungite after granulation extracts from groundwater in dynamic condition only about 66 % of uranium. Grained “phosphogypsum-schungite” composition and products of its modification extract into sorbent from ~82 up to ~95 % of uranium in dynamic conditions. Besides, some of schungite-containing sorbents were produced and tested in static conditions for uranium sorption from the groundwater. Recovery degree into this sorbents in static conditions was from ~88 up tо ~99.5 % of uranium. Results of work can be used in development of technology for uranium extraction from industrial waste waters and hydro-mineral sources. |
Key words | sorption, uranium, schungite, phosphogypsum, tri-butyl phosphate, copper, nickel, zinc hydroxides. |
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Materials technology
Title | X-ray phase and metallographic analysis of complex aluminum-silicon-chrome alloy |
Authors | Issagulov А.Z., Baisanov S.O., Baisanov А.S., Hazotte A., Shabanov Ye.Zh. |
Author´s information |
Karaganda State Technical University, Karaganda Issagulov А.Z., Dr. Tech. Sci., professor Baisanov S.O., Dr. Tech. Sci., professor, head of Lab for metallurgical melts Baisanov А.S., Cand. Tech. Sci., head of Lab for pyrometallurgy processes Shabanov Ye.Zh. doctoral student, ye.shabanov@gmail.comUniversity of Lorraine, Metz, France Hazotte A., PhD, professor |
Summary | The results of investigation of the phase composition and structure of the complex aluminum-silicon-chrome alloy by the X-ray phase and metallographic analysis are presented in the article. The analysis of the structure of polished surfaces with the use of the scanning electronic microscope showed a more diverse picture of the alloy structure. The structure of aluminum-silicon-chrome is presented by large formations in the form of strips and plates that are pure silicon crystals, the Al-Si-Cr-Fe eutectics and intermetallic compounds (Fe,Cr)xAlySiz, (Fe,Cr)xSiyTiz, TixCrySiz. The carbon content in the carbide phase is within the range of 29.82-34.49 % that approximately corresponds to the (Fe, Cr)7C3 compound. It was established the uneven distribution of components through the sample volume that is explained by the processes of liquation and speed of crystallization during the metal ingot hardening. Comparison of the X-ray phase and metallographic analyses data with the results of the thermodynamic-diagram analysis (TDA) confirms applicability of the TDA method for forecasting and studying of change dynamics of phase transformations that take place in the intermediate and final products of metallurgical conversion. So, the TDA of the Cr-Fe-Al-Si metal system carried out earlier shown that prevailing phases are compounds of Si, FeSi2, Al and CrSi2, as well as the products of these compounds disintegration. According to the X-ray phase analysis data the most pronounced phases in the alloy are structural-free silicon (Simet) and phases SiC, FeCr, CrSi2 that corresponds to the TDA results. There was not revealed pure aluminum, it is a part of complex compounds, aluminous silicides of chromium and iron: FeAl3Si2, Fe2Al3Si3, Al3,6CrSi0,4, CrAl0,42Si1,58. |
Key words | aluminum-silicon-chrome, complex alloy, thermodynamic-diagram analysis, metallographic analysis, X-ray phase analysis. |
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Title | Distribution of elements in the powder volume of the system Fe-Ni-Cr-Cu-Si-B-C depending on time of mechanochemical alloying |
Authors | Kapsalamova F.R., Kenzhaliyev B.K., Mironov V.G., Shilov G.T. |
Author´s information |
«Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication» JSC, Almaty Kenzhaliyev B.K., Dr. Tech.Sci., рrofessor, president of «CESMOB» JSC Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty, Lab for testing of perspective materials and technologies Kapsalamova F.R., doctoral student, dfr_09.10@mail.ru |
Summary | Various alloying elements is introduced into initial composition of powder fused surfacing alloys for giving to alloy specific physical, chemical, mechanical and self-fluxing properties. Such alloys are widely used in the practice of restoration and hardening of machine parts and mechanisms by application of thermal coating technologies, in particular gas-flame surfacing of coatings. In the present work the technique of mechanochemical alloying is used to obtain of new self-fluxing welding powder material based on iron for gas-flame application of coatings. The composition of developed welding iron-based alloy contains the following chemical elements by weight. in %: Fe – 36-40; Cr – 15-18; Ni – 30-35; B – 2,5-4; Cu – 3-5; C – 0,6-1,0; Si – 3-5. In the work the influence of processing time on the mechanical activation of system Fe-Ni-Cr-Cu-Si-B-C is investigated in order to optimize the technological parameters of process of obtaining powder material for gas-flame coating by technique of mechanochemical alloying. The reactionary mechanochemical doping is based on the processing of the charge in the energy-intensive mills, wherein the compositions with the required dispersion of powder and uniform distribution of the initial components are obtained. The studies revealed that this kind of alloying is an effective way to get welding material for gas-flame surfacing. |
Key words | mechanochemical alloying, energy-intensive mills, surfacing alloy, gas-flame welding. |
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Title | Development of method for gradient by composition layers obtaining on the surface of hydrogen-permeable niobium and tantalum based membranes |
Authors | Panichkin A.V., Derbissalin A.M., Mamayeva A.A., Dzhumabekov D.M., Imbarova A. T. |
Author´s information |
«Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication» JSC, Almaty, Lab of materials technology Panichkin A.V., Cand.Tech.Sci., head of Lab |
Summary | In this work first time presents method for obtaining diffusion alloyed graded layer on the surfaces of hydrogen selective permeable membranes based on tantalum and niobium to improve their corrosion resistance and reduce threshold of cold brittleness. Results of the serial experiments on working out methods for diffusion alloying of niobium and tantalum foils including preparation of the foils surface, sputtering of alloying metals film and heat annealing are shown. Methods of electrolytic polishing, ion-atomic polishing and their combinations were compared for preparing the foils surfaces before alloying by the elements. The conditions of the magnetron sputtering on niobium and tantalum foils, which provides minimal stress in the surface layers, are selected. Equipment developed for niobium and tantalum foils diffusion alloying in vacuum at resistive heating is described. Data on corrosion of tantalum and niobium foils at their vacuum annealing are shown. Results of investigation of diffusion-alloyed by W, Zr, Mo, Al niobium and tantalum foils surface structure and gradient composition of their cross section layers are presented. The most diffused into niobium and tantalum elements are Mo and W. Zirconium and aluminum almost do not diffuse into niobium. Aluminum diffuses into tantalum satisfactorily with forming crystals of intermetallic compound TaAl3 on the surface of the foil. Obtained data shows that varying the annealing time and temperature can significantly affect the concentration of alloying elements on the surface of niobium and tantalum hydrogen selective membranes and depth of penetration with formation of variable solid solution compositions in a diffusion layer. |
Key words | hydrogen, hydrogen selective membrane, diffusion alloying, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten zirconium aluminium, alloy. |
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Investigation of electrochemical processes
Title | Electrochemical extraction of gallium from alkaline solution by electrolysis |
Authors | Abdulvaliyev R.A., Ata Akchil, Akhmadieva N.K., Gladyshev S.V., Bejsembekova K.O. |
Author´s information |
«Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication» JSC, Almaty, Lab of alumina and aluminium Abdulvaliyev R.A., Cand.Tech.Sci., head of Lab Suleyman Demirel University, Engineering Faculty, Isparta, Turkey Ata Akchil., Ph.D, professor |
Summary | At present gallium is mainly produced in processing alumina containing raw material. Electrochemical extraction method was developed for electrodeposition of gallium from aluminate-alkaline solutions on metallic gallium covered surface. Electrolyzer with a rotated gallium covered cathode was developed, which works in batch and continuous mode. Optimal conditions for electrochemical extraction of gallium were as follows: the gallium concentration in the alkaline solution was 0.4 g/L and above; temperature 50-70 °C, speed of cathode rotation 0.8-1.0 m/sec; current strength 700-1000 A/m2; bath potential 5-6 V. Such conditions permit to extract 88.6-96.8 % of gallium at power consumption 55.1-323.9 kWh/kg of gallium and at removal rates of gallium from 1 m2 of cathode surface per day 307.9-1391.0 g. Conditions of gallium covering of metal electrodes were studied. It is shown that stability of gallium cover depends on the metal core and increases in the following raw: stainless steel 08Х18Н12Т < Steel 1, Steel 2, Steel 3, Steel 45 < Ni < Cd < Cu. The best material for electrode is copper. Phase composition of electrode surface layer obtained after gallium covering was studied. It was found that gallium with nickel form Ga36Ni64 (Ga Ni2) compound and gallium with copper form CuGa2 compound. Different inorganic acids – H2SO4; HNO3; H3PO4; HCI – were used for leaching of electrode core surface before gallium plating. It was shown that only hydrochloric acid activates damping of the core with gallium. |
Key words | aluminate-alkaline solution, electrodeposition, gallium, electrolyzer, cathode, gallium covering. |
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Title | Leaching agent formation dynamic influence on parameters of an aqueous alkaline solutions at using combined electrochemical reactions during brass dissolution |
Authors | Sharipov R.H., Berkinbayeva A.N., Kenzhaliyev B.K., Dosymbayeva Z.D., Suleimenov Eh.N. |
Author´s information |
«Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication» JSC, Almaty Kenzhaliyev B.K., Dr. Tech.Sci., рrofessor, president of «CESMOB» JSCKazakh-British Technical University, Almaty, Lab for testing of perspective materials and technologies Sharipov R.H., doctoral student, junior scientific worker |
Summary | The research of process of non-ferrous metals extract from secondary raw materials (in particular waste brass) by combined electrochemical reactions using sulfur-graphite electrode developed at the Kazakh-British Technical University was carried out. An investigation was conducted to research the changes in the parameters (pH, conductivity, oxygen concentration) of an alkaline aqueous solution during an extraction of metal from brass during electrochemical leaching with using sulfur-graphite electrode as an anode and brass – as a catode. The electrochemical leaching of test secondary raw material was performed in a temperature-controlled cell. Sulfur-graphite electrode composition contains 65 % sulfur and 35 % graphite. Silver chloride electrode was used as a reference electrode, as an auxiliary – brass. During the leaching the volume of the alkaline solution in the reaction vessel was 0.15 dm3 of sodium hydroxide, the current density – 100 A/m2, mixing speed – 480 rev/min., the leaching time – 5 hours. Initial alkali concentration in the leaching solution was 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.5 M, 1.0 M. Obtained data showed the possibility to use the developed method for processing various secondary metallic wastes. Physicochemical characteristics of an inorganic aqueous solutions obtained by the electrochemical leaching of metals from the metal alloy were identified. It was shown that experimental results difficult to explain in terms of existing theoretical views of the principle of inorganic aqueous solutions microstructure formation. It has been shown that leaching of brass in the system of sulfur-graphite anode – alkali solution (or sodium thiosulfate and the mixed solution) – brass cathode has its own characteristics, and can occur at a sufficiently high speed. |
Key words | electrochemical leaching, brass, sulfur-graphite electrode, oxygen concentration, solution electrical conductivity. |
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High-resistant refractories production
Title | Synthesis of mullite cordierite ceramics with given phase composition on the basis of Kazakhstan minerals |
Authors | Biryukova A.A., Tikhonova T.A., Merkibaev E.S., Khabas T.A., Pogrebenkov V.M. |
Author´s information |
«Center of Earth sciences, metallurgy and ore benefication» JSC, Almaty, Lab of materials technology Biryukova A.A., Cand Tech.Sci, leading scientific worker, biryuk.silikat@mail.ru National research Tomsk polytechnic university, Tomsk, Russia, cathedra of silicates and nanomaterials tachnology Khabas Т.A, Dr. Tech. Sci., professor |
Summary | Arkalyk refractory clay, Krasnooktyabrsk bauxite and serpentinite of Kempirsaj chromite ores deposits were used in the work for synthesis of cordierite-mullite ceramics. Chemical and mineralogical analysis of raw material samples showed that the main rock-forming mineral of Arkalyk clay is kaolinite, impurity minerals – gibbsite, quartz and hematite. The main mineral of Krasnooktyabrskj bauxite is gibbsite, attendant minerals – kaolinite and hematite. As magnesia-silicate raw materials were used serpentinite rock represented by the serpentine minerals: chrysotile and antigorite. Cordierite mullite composites were synthesized with a given phase composition, where cordierite: mullite ratio is varied from 5: 1 to 1: 1. The equilibrium phase composition of synthetic cordierite-mullite ceramics was studied by X-ray diffraction and microscopic analysis methods. The influence of temperature of synthesis of magnesia aluminosilicate composites from Kazakhstani minerals on the phase composition of cordierite-mullite ceramics was studied. It is found that the main phases of all synthesized ceramics composites is cordierite and mullite, but the quantitative phase content and their ratio does not fully correspond to the calculated data due to impurity minerals presence in raw material. All of ceramic compositions include magnesium silicates, spinel, corundum and quartz. Obtained cordierite mullite ceramics has dense structure, water absorption capacity from 2.0 to 7.0 % and compressive strength from 70 to 140 MPa depending on the composition content. |
Key words | clay, bauxite, kaolinite, gibbsite synthesis, sintering, phase, cordierite, mullite, water absorption, structure, strength. |
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Inorganic materials obtaining from minerals
Title | Mineral resources for energy saving production of portland сement clinker |
Authors | Taimasov B.T., Zhanikulov N.N., Kaltayev A.R., Nurmagambet N., Kosymbekova A. |
Author´s information |
M. Auezov’s Southern Kazakhstan State University, Cathedra for cement, ceramics and glass technology, Shymkent Taimasov B. T., Dr. Tech. Sci., professor |
Summary | Traditional natural raw materials, nonconventional materials and large-tonnage waste of the industry are investigated for development of energy saving compositions of raw charge mixture and technologies for production of Portland cements, and for decrease of environmental pollution. Objects of research are electro thermo phosphoric and blast furnace slags, ash slag from combustion of coals; as the ferriferous correcting additive – lead and copper-smelting slags. For the purpose of partial replacement of a carbonate and aluminosilicate component – magmatic rocks – basalt and tefritobazalt, and also traditional raw materials – limestone, loess, sand (from deposits Karakus, Sastobe, Kazykurt, Otyrar, Tekesu, Karakuduk) are studied. Chemical and mineralogical, mineralogo-petrographic composition, structure and properties of initial materials and charge mixture were studied. Composition of energy saving raw charge mixture was calculated and selected, roasting of clinkers was led. The analysis has shown that the studied materials and wastes are suitable for obtaining cement clinkers of different function, the content of harmful and undesirable impurity is in norm limits. Slag of nonferrous metallurgy allows replace scarce pyritic cinders. Volcanic rocks promote emergence of fusible eutectics at 1280 °C, allow to reduce temperature and to accelerate processes of a clinker formation. The losses at roasting decrease by 2-3 %, the specific consumption of raw materials on 1 t of clinker – by 44-59 kg that will decrease of fuel consumption on roasting of clinker due to reduction of mass of material which heats up to 1350-1400 °С. In nonconventional energy saving raw mixes with increase of the silicate module from 2.0 up to 3.0 irrespectively of saturation coefficient the part of tefritobazalt decreases and the part of phosphoric slag and sand raises. The aluminous module value increases from 1.96 to 2.23, content of tri-calcium aluminate, a tetra-calcium alumoferrite and total content of flux minerals C3A and C4AF decreases. |
Key words | raw material, wastes, nonconventional materials, clinker, module characteristics |
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