MINERALS BENEFICATION
Title | PHYSICO-CHEMICAL and FLOTATION CHARACTERISTICS of NEW FOAMING AGENT – SVIM PRODUCED from FUSEL OIL |
Authors | Erzhanova Zh. A. (Almaty), Sulakvelidze N. V. (Ust-Kamenogorsk), Tussupbayev N. K., Bilyalova S. M., Kenzhaliyev B. K. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, lab of flotation reagents and ore benefication, Almaty,Kazakhstan Erzhanova Zh. A., scientific worker, e-mail: jadu76@mail.ru Tusupbaev N. K., Doctor Tech. Sci, head of lab. Bilyalova S. M., leading engineer Kenzhaliyev B. K., Doctor Tech.Sci., professor, General director, Vice-Rector for Innovation of Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty,Kazakhstan State Affiliate of ‘The National Centre for Complex Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan’ – ‘The Eastern Mining-and-Metallurgical Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals’ (SA of ‘NC CPMRM RK’ – ‘VNIItsvetmet’), Ust-Kamenogorsk) Sulakvelidze N. V., senior scientific worker |
Summary | It is presented technological parameters for synthesis of foaming agent SVIM from fusel oil of Talgar and Aydabul (Astana, Kazakhstan) alcohol factories on pilot apparatus and determined its surface properties. Moreover physicochemical properties of new reagent were studied and laboratory trials on enrichment of gold-containing ores with new reagent application were carried out. Also laboratory trials on flotation of sulfide gold-arsenous ores of Balazhal deposit (East Kazakhstan) with application of foaming agents MIBK and SVIM were conducted. Thus, it was determined content of gold –1.7 g/t, silver – 2.2 g/t, and content, %: copper -0.004, lead – <0.02, zinc – 0.046, iron – 4.27, overall sulfur -1.88, sulfate sulfur – 0.12, arsenic – 0.37, silicon dioxide – 58.9, overall carbon – 1.79, including carbonate carbon – 1.15 in ore. As a result of rational analysis to determine of gold configuration in ore of Balazhal deposit it was determined, that in the ore, comminuted to size 80.5 % of class -0.074 mm (content of class with size -0.044 mm – 63.0 %) there are, %: 20.35 – free gold, and 19.19 – free gold with clean surface. There are forms of gold, %: in splice – 46.52, association with sulfuric minerals – 29.65 and with stone – 3.48. Furthermore granules of gold with size – 0.025-0.05 mm are predominated. Configuration of gold granules with clean surface is cloggy and granules of gold covered with oxide films – needle-shaped dendrite. Enhancement of foaming capacity and flotation activity of SVIM is connected with oxidation and etherification of dry fusel oil. In presence of catalyst – sulphuric acid optimal amount of hydrophobic – hydrophilic groups are generated, that provides approximately the same bubbles. These bubbles create favourable conditions for capture of ore particles in comparison with bubbles with polydisperse composition of basic reagents. Results of this investigation showed, that by application of SVIM concentration of gold increases on 6,9 g/t, and extraction of gold into gold-containing concentrate in comparison with foaming agent MIBK increases by 0,74 %. |
Key words | fusel oil, foaming agents, foaming power, gold-containing concentrate, gold-bearing ore flotation, benefication |
References |
1 Bekturganov N.S., Tussupbayev N.K., Abdikulova A.O., Sulakbelidze N.B., Arabaev R.A., Bilyalova S.M., Muhanova A. S. Novyj vspenivatel’ dlya intensifikatsii fiotatsionnogo obogashcheniya zolotosoderzhashchikh rud. (New foaming agent for intensification of the flotation enriching of gold ores). Innovatsionnye processy compleksnoj i glubokoj pererabotki mineral’nogo syr’ya: mater. Mezhdunar. Conf. – Plaksin chteniya (Innovative processes of the complex and deep processing of mineral raw materials: Proceedings of Internation. Conf. – Plaksin readings– 2013), Tomsk, Russia, 2013. 214-217. (in Russ.). 2 Tropman E.P., Tussupbayev N.K. Fiziko-khimicheskie svojstva novykh reagentov sobiratelej (Physical and chemical properties of new reagents collectors). Innovatsionnye razrabotki dlya gorno-metallurgicheskoj promyshlennosti. Sb. Nauch Tr. BNIITsvetmet (Innovative developments for mining and metallurgical industry. Proceedings of All-Union Research Institute for non-ferrous metals). Ust-Kamenagorsk, 2008. P. 67-72. (in Russ.). 3 Innov. Pat. 22496 RK. Sposob obogashcheniya sul’fidnykh polimetallicheskikh rud (The process of enrichment of sulphide polymetallic ores). Tropman E.P, Tusupbayev N.K. Publ.17.05.2011. bul. 5. (in Russ.). 4 Abramov A.A. Tekhnologiya pererabotki i obogashcheniya rud tsvetnykh metallov (Technology of processing and benefication ore of non-ferrous metals). Vol. III. Book 1 Ore-Preparation and Сu, Сu-Рy, Сu-Fe, Мo, Сu-Мo, Сu-Zn ores). Moscow: MGGU (MSMU), 2005, 575. (in Russ.). 5 Abramov A.A. Tekhnologiya pererabotki i obogashcheniya rud tsvetnykh metallov (Technology of processing and benefication ore of non-ferrous metals). Moscow: MGGU (MSMU), 2005, 472. (in Russ.) 6 Abramov A.A. Flotatsiya. Reagenty-sobirateli. Uchebnoe posobie (Flotation. Reagents-collectors. Manual). Moscow: Mining book. 2012. 7. 656. (in Russ.) 7 Adamov E.B. Tekhnologiya rud tsvetnykh metallov (Technology of ores of non-ferrous metals). Moscow: Study. 2007. 515. (in Russ.)/ 8 Tropman E.P., Tussupbayev N.K., Bokareva E.A. Obogashchenie trudnoobogotimykh rud s primeneniem novogo reagenta-penoobrazovatelya (Benefication of hard-dressing ore using new foamy reagent). Ehkologiya rechnykh basseinov: Sb. mater. VI mezhdunar. prak. konf. (Ecology of river basins: proceedings of VI international research and practice conference). Vladimir, Russia, 2010. 195-522. (in Russ.). 9 Mitrofanov, S.L., Selektivnaya flotatsiya (Selective flotation) Moscow: Nedra, 1967, 584. (in Russ.) 10 Piantadosi Cynthia, Smart Roger. St. C. Statistical comparison of hydrophobic and hydrophilic species on galena and pyrite particles in flotation concentrates and tails from TOF-SIMS evidence. Int. J. Miner. Process. 2002. 64. 1. 43-54. (in Eng.) |
Title | APPLICATION of CALCIUM POLYSULPHIDE as SULFIDIZING AGENT at FLOTATION of THE OXIDIZED LEAD–BEARING ORES |
Authors | Tussupbayev N. K., Mukhanov A. A., Narbekova S., Syemushkina L. V., Turysbekov D. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, lab of flotation reagents and ore benefication, Almaty,Kazakhstan Tussupbayev N.K., Dr. Tech. Sci, head of lab. Mukhanovа A.A., scientific worker, e-mail: ainura-muhanova@mail.ru Narbekova S.М., scientific worker Syemushkina L.V., Cand. Tech. Sci., leading scientific worker Turysbekov D.К., Cand. Tech. Sci., senior scientific worker |
Summary | Results of studies of the Zarechnoe deposit’s oxidized lead-bearing ore flotation process the with application as a sulfidizing agent of conventional sodium sulphur and new reagent – calcium pentasulphide are presented in the article. Extent of milling initial ore was optimised (88.42 % of –0.071 mm grade). For the optimum milling mode the studies on matching of an optimized consumption of sulphidizators (sodium sulphur and calcium pentasulphide) are performed. By basic technology with application of sulphide of sodium as a sulphidizator at optimum mill (88.42 % of – 0.071 mm grade), the lead concentrate with the content of lead 64.4 % at extraction of 86.6 % was received. The content of cerussite in a concentrate was about 14.9 % at extraction of 82.1 %. At application of calcium pentasulphide as a sulphidizator the lead concentrate with the content of lead 68.0 % at extraction of 88.76 % was obtained. The content of cerussite is 16.0% at extraction of 82.17 %. Application of a new sulphidizator allows to increase extraction of lead into a concentrate from 64.4 % to 68 %. The possibility of application of calcium pentasulphide as a sulphidizator instead of conventional sodium sulphur was established. |
Key words | oxidized lead-bearing ore, milling, extraction, sodium sulphur, calcium pentasulphide, sulphidizator, lead concentrate |
References |
1 Аbramov A.A. Tekhnologya obogashcheniya rud tsvetnykh metallov (Technology for non-ferrous metals ore beneficiation). Moscow: Nedra. 1983. (in Russ.). 2 Аbramov A.A. Tekhnologya obogashcheniya okislennykh i smeshannykh rud tsvetnykh metallov (Technology of beneficiation of oxidized and mixed ores of non-ferrous metals). Moscow: Nedra. 1981, 302 (in Russ.). 3 Аbramov A.A. Tekhnologya pererabotky i obogashcheniya rud tsvetnykh metallov (Technology for processing and beneficiation of non-ferrous metals ores). Moscow: Publisher MGGU. 2005. 3. 169-171. (in Russ.). 4 Chanturiya V.A., Trofimova E.P. Pererabotka okislennykh rud (Processing of oxidized ores). Moscow: Nauka. 1985. 179 (in Russ.). 5 Pat. 217595. RU. Sposob obogashcheniya trudnoflotiruemoj okislennoj svitsovoj rudy (Beneficiation methods of hard floated oxidized lead ore). Calinin Y.O., Gulyashinov A.N., Nikiforov K.A., Khanturgaeva G.I. Opubl. 20.02.2002. Bul.5. (in Russ.). 6 Tussupbayev N.K., Mukhanova А.А., Semushkina L.V., Turysbekov D.К., Narbecova S. Flotatsionnoe svoistva okislennykh svintsovo-tsincovykh rud s primeneniem polisul’ fida cal’tsya (Flotation properties of oxidized lead-zinc ores using calcium polysulfide). Nauchnye osnovy i practica pererabotky rud i tekhnogennogo syr’ya: Mater. Mezhdunar. Nauch.-practich. Conf. (Scientific bases and practice of processing of ores and technogenic raw materials: Proceedings of International scientific-practical conference. Ekaterinburg. 6-7 April. 2016. 220-224. (in Russ.) 7 Tussupbayev N.K., Mukhanova А.А., Sysheva E.S., Semushkina L.V., Turysbecov D.К. Razrabotka polushenya sul’fidizatora polisul’ fida cal’tsya i issledovanye vozmoghnosty flotatsionnogo obogashcheniya ocislennykh rud s ego primeneniem (Development of the methods of calcium polysulphide obtaining and studies of possibility on flotation beneficiation of oxidized ores by its use) .Vestnik KazNAEN = Herald of KazNANS. 2016. 1. 50-55 (in Russ.) |
METALLURGY
Title | PROCESS of ZINC SULFATE SOLUTION PURIFICATION from COPPER and CADMIUM |
Authors | Zhunusova G. Zh., Kalyanova O. A., Bedelova Zh. D., Sydykanov M. M., Anarbekov K. K. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Kazakh National Research Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev, Cafedra of metallurgy and ore benefication Almaty, Kazakhstan Zhunusova G.Zh., Cand. Tech. Sci., The Director of Science Department Kalyanova O.A., senior scientific worker, e-mail: o.kalyanova@bk.ru Bedelova Zh.D., master’s of science, scientific worker Sydykanov M.M., bachelor, engineer Anarbekov K.K., master’s of science, scientific worker |
Summary | This paper is aimed to the solution of the actual problem on the involving into processing of low-grade zinc sulfide concentrate of Nikolayevsk deposit of Kazakhstan and the development of technology of its processing with produce the intermediate product – copper-cadmium solid precipitate – cake. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the process of purification from a copper and cadmium the zinc sulfate solution obtained after hydrolytic purification from iron, arsenium, antimony, lead and silicon of the solution after the autoclave leaching of low grade zinc sulfide concentrate of Nikolayevsk fields of Kazakhstan. It was determined that the determined conditions of the process of cadmium and copper cementation provide high degree of the purification of the test productive solution from copper and cadmium. In the purified solution copper and cadmium content is less than 2,98 g/dm3, zinc – 221,4g/dm3. The resulting intermediate product – copper-cadmium solid precipitate – cake is suitable for the production of copper and cadmium. |
Key words | X-ray analysis, atomic absorption analysis, process time, zinc dust, one-stage purification, cementation, copper-cadmium solid precipitate, cake, sulfide concentrate |
References |
1 Sadykov S.B. Avtoklavnaya pererabotka nizkosortnykh tsinkovykh kontsentratov (Autoclave processing of low-grade zinc concentrates). Ekaterinburg: UrO RAN. 2006, 581. (in Russ.)2 Zhunusova G.Zh., Bedelova Zh.D., Kalyanova O.A., Burshukova G.A. Issledovanie protsessa sernokislotnogo avtoklavnogo vyshchelachivaniya tsinka iz nizkosortnogo sul’fidnogo tsinkovogo kontsentrata mestorozhdeniya Kazakhstana (Investigation of the process of sulfuric acid pressure leaching of zinc from low-grade zinc sulfide concentrate deposits in Kazakhstan). Vestnik KazNITU = Bulletin of the KazNRTU. 2016, 5. 539-543. (in Russ.) 3 Kreshkov A.P. Osnovy analiticheskoj khimii (Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry). Vol.2. Moscow: Khimiya, 1971. 453. (in Russ.)4 Khimiko-spektral’nye metody. Instruktsiya № 155-KhS. (Chemical and spectral methods. Instruction № 155-CS) Atomno-absorbtsionnoe opredelenie medi, tsinka, kadmiya, vismuta, sur’my, svintsa, kobal’ta, nikelya, zheleza i margantsa v gornykh porodakh, rudakh i tekhnologicheskikh rastvorakh (Atomic absorption determination of copper, zinc, cadmium, bismuth, antimony, lead, cobalt, nickel, iron and manganese in rocks and ores technological solutions). Moscow: VIMS, 1978. 67. (in Russ.) 5 Pat. 2365641 RU. Sposob ochistki sul’fatnykh rastvorov tsvetnykh metallov ot zheleza (A method of cleaning non-ferrous sulfate solutions from iron metal) Shneerson Ya.M., Kozyrev V.F., Chugaev L.V.; opubl.27.08.2009, Bul. 30. 2. (in Russ.)6 Pat. 2239667 RU. Sposob okisleniya ionov zheleza v sul’fatnykh tsinkovykh rastvorakh. (The process of oxidation of iron ions in the zinc sulphate solution). Kazanbaev L.A., Kozlov P.A., Kolesnikov A.V.; opubl. 10.11.2004, Bul. 3. 3. (in Russ.)7 Pat. 2282671 RU. Sposob ochistki sul’fatnykh tsinkovykh rastvorov ot primesej (A method of purification of zinc sulfate solution from impurities). Kazanbaev L.A., Kozlov P.A., Kolesnikov A.V.; opubl. 27.08.2006, Bul. 24. 2. (in Russ.)8 Avtorskoe svidet. (Invention Certificate) 1536828 RU. Sposob ochistki tsinkovykh sul’fatnykh rastvorov ot primesej (A method of purification of zinc sulphate solutions from impurities). Sharova T.F., Han O.A., Saprygin A.F.; opubl. 10.08.1999, Bul. 5. 3. (in Russ.) |
Title | DEVELOPMENT of TECHNOLOGY and EQUIPMENT for DIRECT SMELTING of REFRACTORY LEDGE GOLD ORES of TERISKEY Ltd ORE MINING COMPANY |
Authors | Kvyatkovskiy S. A., Kozhakhmetov S. M., Kim L. P., Esetov U. E., Omizakov B. A. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, lab of pyrometallurgy of heavy nonferrous metals, Almaty,Kazakhstan Kvyatkovskiy S.A., Dr. Tech. Sci, head of lab., e-mail: kvyatkovskiy55@mail.ru Kozhakhmetov S.M., Dr. Tech. Sci, academician of NAS of RK, chief scientific worker Kim L.P., leading engineerEsetov U.E., leading engineer Omizakov B.A., engineer |
Summary | This article presents the results of the works on improvement of the process parameters and development of the basic design elements of an electric furnace for processing of ledge gold ores from a number of deposits of Teriskey Ltd Ore Mining Company in order to create a pilot project for testing and implementation of a contractile pyrometallurgical selection process (CPS-process) for refractory gold-bearing materials in this enterprise. The design compositions were prepared based on previously completed studies on direct melt processes of the ledge gold ores from Teriskey Ltd deposits, i.e. three-, four- and five-component charges for the CPS-process. The ratio of individual components and their calculated compositions were determined. Constructional calculations of basic dimensions, design and technological parameters of individual components and systems of the pilot project were carried out. Thus, the basic parameters of a two-electrode electric furnace with the capacity of 200 – 300 kVA, the main equipment for the gas cleaning system, systems of feeding and preparation of the raw charge materials with the determination of the structure of load devices were found. Based on the initial data and production schedules of Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication JSC, the project of above-mentioned pilot plant of CPS-process approved by the management of OMC Teriskey Ltd has been performed. |
Key words | matte, slag, gold, contractile pyrometallurgical selection, CPS – process, blending |
References |
1 Omarov S.I., Kozhakhmetov S.M., Omarova N.S., Nitalina V.A., Omarova A.S. Elektroplavka na metallizirovannyy shteyn kak sposob izvlecheniya blagorodnykh metallov iz upornykh zoloto-mysh’yakovistykh kontsentratov (Electrosmelting on the metallized matte as a way of extracting precious metals from refractory gold-arsenic concentrates). Tsvetnyye metally = Nonferrous metals. 2004. 4, 49-51 (in Russ.). 2 Lerman B.D., Omarova N.S. Promyshlennyye ispytaniya vosstanovitel’noy elektroplavki zolotomysh’yakovykh kontsentratov Akbakayskogo GOKa (Industrial tests of regenerative electric smelting of gold-arsenic concentrates Akbakay Mining Plant). Gornyy zhurnal = Mining Journal of Kazakhstan. 2008. 3, 33-35 (in Russ.). 3 In. pat. 69394 RK. Sposob pererabotki zoloto-mysh’yakovistykh kontsentratov (Method for processing of gold-arsenic concentrates) Omarov S.I., Kozhakhmetov S.M., Omarova N.S., Nitalina V.A., Omarova A.S. Opubl. 25.03.2008 (in Russ.). 4 In. pat. 25568 RK. Sposob pererabotki zolotomysh’yakovogo syr’ya (Method for processing gold-arsenic feed) Kozhakhmetov S.M., Bekturganov N.S., Kvyatkovskiy S.A. Opubl. 15.02.2012, 2 (in Russ.). 5 In. pat. 26083 RK. Sposob pererabotki zoloto-mysh’yakovykh kontsentratov, soderzhashchikh kobal’t (Method for processing gold-arsenic concentrates containing cobalt) Kozhakhmetov S.M., Bekturganov N.S., Kvyatkovskiy S.A., Omarova N.S. Opubl. 15.09.2012, 9 (in Russ.). 6 Bekturganov N.S., Kozhakhmetov S.M., Kvyatkovskiy S.A., Dzhumabayeva Z.SH., Kim L.P. Pryamaya pirometallurgicheskaya pererabotka korennykh rud zolota TOO «Teriskey» (Direct pyrometallurgical processing of ledge gold ores of “Teriskey” Ltd). Vestnik KazNAYEN = Herald of the KazNANS. 2015. 1, 4-8 (in Russ.). 7 Ziganshin M.G., Kolesnik A.A., Posokhin V.N. Proyektirovaniye apparatov pylegazoochistki (Design of gas treatment devices). Moscow: Ehkopress-EM, 1998, 505 (in Russ.). |
Title | PROCESS of GOLD-COLLECTING SULPHIDE SYSTEMS ROASTING with COMPLETE BURNING OFF SULFUR, ELIMINATION of ARSENIUM and CARBON |
Authors | Kozhakhmetov S. M., Kvyatkovskiy S. A., Semenova A. S., Sejsenbayev R. S. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, lab of pyrometallurgy of heavy nonferrous metals, Almaty,Kazakhstan Kozhakhmetov S.M., Dr. Tech. Sci, academician of NAS of RK, chief scientific worker, e-mail: entc-sultan@mail.ru Kvyatkovskiy S.A., Dr. Tech. Sci, head of lab., e-mail: kvyatkovskiy55@mail.ru Semenova A. S., leading engineer Sejsenbayev R. S., engineer |
Summary | The object of the research was gold collector mattes, roasted products and volatile components as sulfur, arsenic, carbon, gold- and silver-containing mattes, slags, new collectors melted materials for gold, pyrometallurgical matte melts enriched with precious metals. Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of temperature on the roasting process for the collector mattes for gold and other metals within 600-900 0C. At the same time, the results of these studies will be used for development and creation of new methods for extracting gold and other metals from the collector sulphide mattes. These mattes were obtained by smelting ledge ores resistant and double resistant to opening and gold concentrates by contractile pyrometallurgical selection (CPS-process) method. |
Key words | matte, slag, gold, contractile pyrometallurgical selection, CPS–process |
References |
1 Kozhakhmetov S.M. Novyye effektivnyye protsessy v pirometallurgii medi, nikelya i zolota: izbrannyye trudy (New effective process in igneous metallurgy of copper, nickel and gold: selected). Almaty: CNZMO, 2015, 406 (in Russ.). 2 Lerman B.D., Omarova N.S. Promyshlennyye ispytaniya vosstanovitel’noy elektroplavki zolotomysh’yakovykh kontsentratov Akbakayskogo GOKa (Industrial tests for regenerative electric smelting of gold arsenic concentrates of Akbakay mining and refining plant). Gornyy zhurnal Kazakhstana = Mining Journal of Kazakhstan. 2008. 3, 33-35 (in Russ.). 3 Pat. 13914 RK. Sposob vyshchelachivaniya polimetallicheskogo syr’ya ustroystvo dlya yego osushchestvleniya (Method of polymetallic raw materials leaching and device for its implementation) Kosmukhambetov A.R. Opubl. 15.01.2004, 1 (in Russ.). 4 Smirnov V.I. Obzhig mednykh rud i kontsentratov (Roasting of copper ores and concentrates). Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1958, 255 (in Russ.). 5 Margulis Ye.V. Teoriya okislitel’nogo obzhiga sul’fidnykh materialov (The theory of sulphide materials oxidizing roasting). Metallurgiya tsvetnykh metallov i metody ikh analiza: sb. nauch. tr. Vsesoyuznogo nauchno-issledovatel’skogo gorno-metallurgicheskogo instituta tsvetnykh metallov (Metallurgy of non-ferrous metals and methods of their analysis: collection of research papers of All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy of non-ferrous metals). Moscow, 1962, 7, 15-20 (in Russ.). 6 Grishankina N.S. Issledovaniya povedeniya sernistogo zheleza primenitel’no k usloviyam plavki mednogo sul’fidnogo syr’ya v rasplavlennom sostoyanii: avtoref.… k.t.n.: (The iron sulfide behavioral research relative to copper sulfide raw material smelting conditions in a molten state: abstract of thesis for PhD Tech. Sci.: 05-322). Alma-Ata: Institute of metallurgy and ore benefication, 1971, 20 (in Russ.). |
Title | EXTRACTION of COPPER and PRECIOUS METALS from DEPLETED SAYAK FIELD COPPER DUMPS |
Authors | Magomedov D. R., Magad Ye., Ignatyev M. M., Koizhanova A. K., Zhanabay Zh. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, lab. of noble metals, Almaty,Kazakhstan Magomedov D. R., engineer of 1st categoryMagad Ye., PhD, tech sci., leading scientific worker Ignatyev M. M., Cand.Tech.Sci., leading scientific worker Koizhanova A. K., Cand.Tech.Sci., leading scientific worker, e-mail: aigul_koizhan@mail.ru Zhanabay Zh, D., engineer |
Summary | An opportunity of complex recycling of dumps of copper-bearing materials with perspective of additional extraction of precious metals from them was studied in this work. During experiments on leaching the copper from the dumps of Sayak field, by agitation and percolation methods, the opportunity of subsequent additional extraction of gold and silver was studied. It was established that preliminary acid leaching of the basic metallurgical product – copper increases the weight portion of gold up to the level of 0.5-0.6 g/t. Further that allows refer the depleted copper dumps to off-balance gold-bearing raw materials and after neutralization of acid medium to conduct cyanide leaching of precious metals. Long-term treatment of dumps with sulfuric acid in the course of copper extraction promotes also removal of iron compounds, which also as copper, inhibits extraction of gold during cyanidation. In the course of copper leaching during 90 days, from the uncrushed dumps, the index of copper extraction was 78.6 %. Experiments on leaching the precious metals from decoppered dumps showed the following extraction results, %: gold – 44.5, silver – 60.3. At preliminary crushing the dump material to grain size grade of –1.0 mm, these results was, %: gold – 66.7, silver – 67.2. Taking into account the global tendency of involving off-balance ores with decreasing content of gold to the process of gold extraction, the decoppered dumps of Sayak field in the longer term perspective, may also be considered as a raw material for extraction of precious metals. |
Key words | off-balance ores, copper dumps, copper leaching, precious metals, cyanidation, recovery, gold, silver, extraction |
References |
1 Bobokhonov B.A., Samikhov Sh.R., Zinchenko Z.A. Opyt otval’nogo vyshchelachivaniya zolota iz rud mestorozhdeniya Khirskhona v OOO SP «Zeravshan» [electron resources]. 2008. – URL: https://zolotodb.ru/articles/technical/860 (date of access: 22.08.2016). (in Russ.) 2 Bejsembaev B.B., Kenzhaliev B.K. Teoriya i praktika ispol’zovaniya metodov geotehnologii dlya pererabotki zabalansovyh i nekonditsionnykh mednykh rud (Theory and practice of use of geotechnology methods for processing off-balance and off-grade copper ore). Kompleksnoe ispol’zovanie mineral’nogo syr’ya = Complex use of mineral resources. 1999. 4. 93-98. (in Russ.) 3 Ignat’ev M.M. Razrabotka ehkstraktsionnoj tekhnologii polucheniya medi iz rastvorov vyshchelachivaniya rud mestorozhdeniya Aktogaj (Development of technology for the extraction of copper from ore leaching solutions Aktogay): dis…. kand.tehn.nauk. (thesis for Cand., Tech.Sci.) / Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication of Kaz.SSR Sci. Academy. – Alma-Ata, 1989. 173. (in Russ.) 4 Khalezov B.D. Issledovaniya i razrabotka tehnologii kuchnogo vyshchelachivaniya mednyh i medno-tsinkovyh rud (Research and development of technology of heap leaching of copper and copper-zinc ores): dis. dokt. tehn. nauk. (thesis for PhD, Tech.Sci.) / Institute of Metallurgy of Ural branch Russian Academy of Science. Ekaterinburg, Russia. 2008, 475. (in Russ.). 5 Kuchnoe vyshchelachivanie blagorodnyh metallov (Heap leaching of noble metals). Under editorship of Fazlullin M.I. Moscow: Academy of mining sci. 2001, 647. (in Russ.). 6 Brichkin V.N., Andreev E.E., Damdinzhav Zh. Praktika i primenenie kuchnogo vyshchelachivaniya dlya trudnoobogatimyh rud mestorozhdeniya Ehrdehnehtijn-Ovoo (The practice and application of heap leaching for refractory ores deposit Erdenetiyn-Ovoo). Obogashchenie rud = Ore benefication. 2009. 5, 3–5 (in Russ.). 7 Vodolazov L.I., Drobadenko V.P., Lobanov D.P., Maluhin N.G. Geotehnologiya. Kuchnoe vyshchelachivanie bednogo mineral’nogo syr’ya (Geotechnology. Heap leaching poor mineral raw material) Moscow: MGGA. 2000, 300. (in Russ.). 8 Sanakulov K.S. Perspektivy pererabotki okislennyh mednyh rud mestorozhdeniya Kal’makyr (Prospects of processing of oxidized copper ore deposits Kalmakyr). Gornyj vestnik Uzbekistana = Mining Bulletin of Uzbekistan. 2009. 3, 47-49 (in Russ.) 9 Giganov G.P., Yarinova T.I. Ispol’zovanie ehkstraktsii v gidrometallurgii medi za rubezhom (The use of copper extraction in hydrometallurgy abroad). Tsvetnaya metallyrgiya = Non-ferrous metallurgy. 1998. 6, 45-47. (in Russ.) 10 Abubakriev A.T., Magad E., Ignat’ev M.M., Kojzhanova A.K., Esimova D.M. Otrabotka optimal’nykh parametrov i rezhimov vyshchelachivaniya med’soderzhashchih rud Bajskogo mestorozhdeniya (Testing of the optimal parameters and regimes of leaching copper of Bajskoe ore deposit). Resursosberegayushchie tekhnologii v obogashchenii rud i metallurgii tsvetnyh metallov: Mater. Mezhdunar. Konf. (Resource-saving technologies in the enrichment of ore and non-ferrous metals: Proceedings. of Internetion. Conf.) Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2015. 172-175. (in Russ.) |
Title | TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS of DIRECT SMELTING of PERSISTENT GOLD ORE of BAKYRCHIK DEPOSIT |
Authors | Semenova A. S., Kozhakhmetov S. M., Kviatkovskiy S. A., Kim L. P., Sejsembayev R. S. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, lab of pyrometallurgy of heavy nonferrous metals, Almaty, Kazakhstan Semenova A.S., leading engineerKozhakhmetov S.M., Dr. Tech. Sci, academician of NAS of RK, chief scientific worker, e-mail: entc-sultan@mail.ru Kvyatkovskiy S.A., Dr. Tech. Sci, head of lab., e-mail: kvyatkovskiy55@mail.ru Kim L.P., leading engineer Sejsenbayev R.S., engineer |
Summary | Creating radically new technologies for highly efficient processing of «persistent» and «dual persistent» ores, which include Bakyrchik ore deposit, with high recovery of gold and other metals in matte, is very actual. Under the experimental conditions showed the possibility of melting persistent rich gold ore deposit Bakyrchik for getting mattes, contained up to 80.26 g/t gold and up to 56.3 g/t silver and slag, contained 0,12 – 0 18 g/t gold and 0,26 – 0,48 g/t silver. The influence of temperature on amount and composition of smelting products was studied. It was established, that the change in the temperature range 1350 – 1450 0C does not have influence on outputs products of experimental smelting, constituted 11.5 – 12.5 % for matte and 71.5 – 72.0 % for slag. Increasing temperature to 1450 0C had a marked effect on the reduction of metal contents in the slag: from 3.3 to 1.4 g/t for gold and 0.6 to 0.4 g/t for silver. In the conditions of pilot smelting held at 1450 0C, the possibility of formation of a matte without addition sulphidizer flux and produce slag with a minimum content of gold and silver was showed. Recovery of gold and silver in matte under optimal conditions of smelting was 98.7 – 99.1 % and 79.9 – 98.3 %, respectively. |
Key words | persistent gold ore, sulfide copper concentrate, flux, matte smelting, slag |
References |
1 Dement’yev V.Ye., Voyloshnikov G.I., Kononko R.V. Sovershenstvovaniye sposobov izvlecheniya zolota i almazov iz mineral’nogo syr’ya (Improving methods of extraction of gold and diamonds from mineral raw materials). Gornyy zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2015. 9, 28-31 (in Russ.). 2 Sanakulov K.S., Mustakimov O.M., Ergashev U.A., Akhatov N.A. O tselesoobraznosti primeneniya kombinirovannykh tekhnologiy dlya pererabotki osobo upornykh zolotosul’fidnykh rud (About the feasibility of the use of combined technologies for the processing of persistent gold-sulfur ores). Tsvetnyye metally = Nonferrous metals. 2016. 2, 9-14 (in Russ.). 3 Aleksandrova T.N., Gurman M.A., Kondrat’yev S.A. Problemy izvlecheniya zolota iz upornykh rud yuga dal’nevostochnogo regiona Rossii i nekotoryye puti ikh resheniya (The problem of extracting gold from refractory ores of southern Russia Far East and some ways of their solution). Fiziko-tekhnicheskiye problemy razrabotki poleznykh iskopayemykh = Physical and technical problems of mining. 2011, 5, 125-136 (in Russ.). 4 Zinchenko Z.A., Samikhov SH.R. Pererabotka upornykh zolotosoderzhashchikh rud Tadzhikistana (Processing of refractory gold ores of Tajikistan). Gornyy zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2014, 4, 97-98 (in Russ.). 5 Gostishchev V.V., Cherepanov A.A., Vlasova N.M. Osobennosti khimicheskogo kontsentrirovaniya zolota uglerodistykh rud (Features of the chemical concentration of carbonaceous gold ores). Khimicheskaya tekhnologiya = Chemical technology. 2014, 8, 485-487 (in Russ.). 6 Narseyev V.A., Gostev YU.V., Zakharov A.V., Kozlyaninov D.M., Matviyenko V.N., Favorov V.A., Frankovskaya N.M., Shiganov A.A. Bakyrchik (geologiya, geokhimiya, orudneniye) (Bakyrchik (geology, geochemistry, mineralization)). 2001, 174 (in Russ.). 7 Innov. pat. 25568 RK. Sposob pererabotki zolotomysh’yakovogo syr’ya (Method for processing gold-feed). Kozhakhmetov S.M., Bekturganov N.S., Kvyatkovskiy S.A. Opubl. 15.02.2012, 2 (in Russ.). 8 Innov. pat. 26083 RK. Sposob pererabotki zoloto-mysh’yakovykh kontsentratov, soderzhashchikh kobal’t (Method for processing gold-arsenic concentrates containing cobalt). Kozhakhmetov S.M., Bekturganov N.S., Kvyatkovskiy S.A., Omarova N.S. Opubl. 15.09.2012, 9 (in Russ.). |
Title | COMPLEX FERROALLOY OBTAINING from SILICON- and ALUMINUM-CONTAINING SILICA CLAY |
Authors | Shevko V. M., Amanov D. D., Karataev G. E. (Shymkent), Aitkulov D. K. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
M. Auezov South Kazakhstan State University, Cathedra of Metallurgy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan Shevko V.M., Dr. Tech. Sci., professor, e-mail: snevkovm@mail.ru Amanov D.D., undergraduate, e-mail: loken666@mail.ru Karataevа G.E., Cand.Tech.Sci., junior scientific worker, lecturer of cath. K.I. Satpayev Institute of Geological Sciences of Kazakh National Research Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev, Almaty, Kazakhsta Aitkulov D.K., Dr.Tech.Sci., professor |
Summary | For increase of technological efficiency of raw materials in manufacture of silicon-containing alloys it is necessary to raise reactivity of SiO2 in the raw materials. The silica clay, which contains to 90 % of SiO2 in amorphous, high active state, can be used as such the raw material. The given article contains the research results of thermodynamic modelling and electrosmelting the Darbaza deposit silica clay with obtaining a complex ferroalloy. The thermodynamic modelling has been performed by means of a software package Outokumpu, and the electrosmelting – in an arc furnace. Temperature (from 500 to 2500°С) and iron amount (from 20 to 120 % from the silica clay weight) effect on Si and Al distribution degree in a system silica clay-C-Fe has been determined. It has been found the positive influence of iron on silicon extraction in an alloy (as FeSi, Fe3Si, Fe5Si3, Si) and reduction of silicon loss as SiO(g). From the thermodynamic point of view the Darbaza silica clay can be applied for obtaining a ferroalloy FS45А10 (40 % of Si, 7.5-10 % of Al) at 2048-2100°С in the presence of 20-45 % of iron and 36 % of carbon from the silica clay weight. At the experimental electrosmelting a charge contained 54 % of the silica clay, 22 % of coke and 24 % of steel shavings in an arc ore-thermal furnace the formation of a complex ferroalloy contained 46-52.8 % of ∑Si+Al has been observed. In accordance with this parameter the ferroalloy obtained corresponds to ferrosilicoaluminum of a grade of FS45А10. |
Key words | silica clay, silicon, aluminum, reduction, thermodynamic modelling, electrosmelting, ferrosilicoaluminum |
References |
1 Druinskij M.N., Zhuchkov V.I. Poluchenie kompleksnykh ferrosplavov iz mineral’nogo syr’ya Kazakhstana (Preparation of complex ferroalloys from mineral raw materials in Kazakhstan). Alma-Ata: Nauka.1988. 208. (in Russ.) 2 Gasik M.I., Ljakishev N.P., Teorija i tehnologija jelektrometallurgii ferrosplavov (Theory and technology of electrometallurgy ferroalloys). Moscow:SP Intermet Inzhiniring.1999. 764. (in Russ.) 3 Abishev D.N., Zharmenov A.A., Bajsanov S.O., Tolymtekov M.Zh., Ahmetov A.B., Razrabotka tekhnologii i osvoenie proizvodstva ferrosilikoalyuminiya (Technology Development and production of materials ferrosilicoaluminum meeting). Abishevskie chteniya– 2001: Mater soveshch. (Abishev Readings-2001: Proceedings of conf.). Karaganda: Tri vetra.2002. 370-379. (in Russ.) 4 Babushkin V.I., Matveev G.M., Mchedlov-Petrosjan O.P. Termodinamika silikatov.(Thermodynamics of silicates). Moscow: Strojizdat.1988. 408. (in Russ.) 5 Roine A. Outokumpu HSC Chemistry for Windows. Chemical reactions and equilibrium software with extensive thermochemical database. Pori: Outokumpu research. 04.2002. (in Eng.) 6 Shevko V.M., Serzhanov G.M., Ajtkulov D.K., Abzhanova A.S., Tuleev M.A., Termodinamicheskoe modelirovanie sovmestnogo vosstanovlenija metallov iz smesi oksidov s obrazovaniem hlorida kal’cija i silicidov zheleza(Thermodynamic modeling joint recovery of metals from oxide mixtures to form calcium chloride and iron silicides).Kompleksnoe ispol’zovanie mineral’nogo syr’ja.2015. 3. 38-42. (in Russ.) 7 Shevko V.M., Serzhanov G.M., Karataeva G.B., Lavrov B.A., Thermodynamic features and experimental study of the extraction of phosphorus from ferrophosphorus in presence of iron silicides. Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2015, 12, 1-6. (in Eng.) 8 Shevko V.M., Serzhanov G.M., Karataeva G.B., Uteeva R.D., Vyplavka ferrosplavov s primeneniem nekoksuyushhihsja uglej i othhodov ferrosplavov i otkhodov ih dobychi (Smelting of ferroalloys using noncoking coal and ferro-alloys waste and their production waste). Shymkent: YuKGU. 2015. 237. (in Russ.) 9 Dymov A.M., Tehnicheskij analiz rudy i metallov. (Technical analysis of ores and metals). Moscow: Metallurgija. 1949. 483. (in Russ.) 10 Akhnazarova S.L., Kafarov B.V. Metody optimizatsii ehksperimenta v khimicheskoj – tkehnologii. (Methods of experiments optimization in the chemical – technology). Moscow: Vysshaya Shkola. 1985. 319. (in Russ.) |
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL STUDIES
Title | TO THE MATTER of AZEOTROPIC LIQUID-ALLOYS of SELENIUM – TELLURIUM SYSTEM |
Authors | Volodin V. N., Burabaeva N. M., Trebukhov S. A., Nitsenko A. V, Tuleutaj F. Kh (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, lab of vacuum processes, Almaty,Kazakhstan Volodin V.N. – Doctor Tech.Sci., Doctor Phys -Math. Sci., professor, main scientific worker Burabaeva N.M. – Cand Tech. Sci, scientific worker, e-mail: nuri_eng@mail.ru Trebukhov S.A. – Cand Tech. Sci, Deputy general director Nitsenko A.V. – Cand. Tech. Sci., head of lab. Tuleutaj F. Kh. – engineer |
Summary | Partial pressure of elements was found by multiplication of resultant pressure to their share in condensate determined by chemical analysis, assuming the existence of ideal solutions. It avoids vapor molecular composition to be taken into account while partial pressure estimation. To determine boiling temperature of alloys in selenium-sulfur system boiling point method was used in order to determine values of partial pressures of elements with subsequent determination selenium and sulfur bulk quantities ratio in the vapor by means of vapor phase condensate analysis obtained by the static method at the boiling temperatures of solutions. Vapor phase composition at the boiling point was defined as selenium or tellurium partial pressure ratio to the total pressure at the boiling point. On the basis of an author of the partial pressure of steam quantities of selenium and tellurium, presented in the form of temperature and concentration dependences of the calculated phase transition boundary melt – steam system selenium – tellurium, presented in tabular form, and inflicted on the existing phase diagram of condensed phases. Azeotropic mix with maximum temperature was discovered at the state diagram: composition of azeotropic liquid at 995 оС corresponds to 7.5 at. % Se and 92.5 at. % Те. That is, distillation separation of selenium and tellurium is possible in selenium and azeotropic mixture, or tellurium and an azeotropic mixture. Comparison of the results of research with the calculated data obtained on the basis of the research results of other authors, in the presence of differences in the composition and the boiling temperature of the boiling liquid indivisible, essentially confirmed its existence. The latter is the cause of system separation difficulties using distillation methods, because alloy composition becomes identical to vapor phase composition if azeotropic liquid presents there. |
Key words | selenium, tellurium, binary system, liquid-alloy, vapor pressure, state diagram, azetropic liquid, azeotropic mixture |
References |
1 Ryabova R.I., Ustyugov G.P., Kudryavtsev A.A. Issledovanie ravnovesiya zhidkost’ – par v sisteme selen – tellur (The study of equilibrium liquid – vapor system selenium – tellurium). Issledovaniya v oblasti fizicheskoj khimii i ehlektrokhimii. Trudy Moskovskogo himiko-tehnologicheskogo instituta. = Proceedings of the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology. 1965. 44. 47-51 (in Russ.). 2 Sato T., Kaneko H. Studies on Selenium and Its Alloys. III. Vapor Pressure and Electric Conductivity of Molten Selenium Alloys. Technology reports of the Tôhoku University. 1952. 16, 2. 18-33 (in Eng.). 3 Shakhtakhtinskij M.G. Issledovanie uprugosti nasyshhennykh parov nekotorykh poluprovodnikov s primeneniem radioizotopov (Research saturated vapor pressure of some semiconductors using radioisotopes). Trudy Instituta fiziki AN Az SSR = Proceedings of the Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan SSR. 1963. 11. 52-107 (in Russ.). 4 Ustyugov G.P., Vanyukov A.V., Gerasimov A.D. Issledovanie ravnovesija zhidkost’ – par v sistemakh selen – primes’ (The study of equilibrium liquid – vapor systems in selenium – an admixture ). Ehlektronnaya tekhnika. Ser. Materialy = Electronic equipment serial materials. 1967. 8. 111-114 (in Russ.). 5 Chernyaev V.N., Kozhitov L.V. Issledovanie processa polucheniya osobo chistogo tellura vakuumnoj rektifikaciej (Investigation process of producing high-purity tellurium vacuum distillation). Ehlektronnaya tekhnika. Ser. Materialy = Electronic equipment serial materials. 1968. 1. 101-109 (in Russ.). 6 Nisel’son L.A., Ustyugov G.P., Taraskin V.V. Ochistka selena i tellura metoda-mi, osnovannymi na ih letuchesti (Purification of selenium and tellurium methods based on their volatility) Tsvetnye metally = Nonferrous metals. 1971. 2. 40-44 (in Russ.). 7 Kozhitov L.V. Ochistka tellura ot selena metodami peregonki (Cleaning of tellurium from the selenium distillation methods). Ehlektronnaya tekhnika. Ser. Materialy = Electronic equipment. Materials Serial. 1968. 4. 17-28 (in Russ.). 8 Mouloudj N., Petot-Ervas G., Petot C., Legendre B. Etude des proprietes thermody-namiques des alliages liquids selenium-tellure (Study of thermodynamic properties of selenium-tellurium alloys liquids). Partie I. Determination des proprietes thermody-namiques par la methode des F.E.M. de piles. Thermachimica Acta. 1988. 136. 87-102 (in French). 9 Rao Y.K. Composition of liquid-saturated selenium vapor. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. 1983. 14, 1-4, 308-311 (in Eng.). 10 Ustyugov G.P., Vigdorovich E.N., Kudryavcev A.A. Molekulyarnyj sostav para v sisteme tellur – selen (The molecular composition of the vapor in the system tellurium – selenium). Izv. AN SSSR. Neorgan. Materialy = The news of the USSR. Inorganic materials. 1968. 4. 10. 1796-1797 (in Russ.). 11 Konopel’ko F.L., Sveshnikov Yu.N., Belashhenko D.K. Termodinamicheskaya ak-tivnost’ komponentov v rasplavah sistemy Te – Se (The thermodynamic activity of components in the system Te alloys – Se). Izv. AN SSSR. Neorgan. Materialy = The news of the USSR. Inorganic materials. 1973. 9, 6. 935-937 (in Russ.). 12 Ghosh G., Lukas H.L., Delaey L. Thermodynamic assessment of the Se – Te system. Calphad: Coputer coupling of phase diagrams. 1988. 12, 3. 295-299 (in Eng.). 13 Clavaguera-Mora M.T., Comas C., Clavaguera N. Contributions to the modeling of the thermodynamic behaviour of Se – Te liquid solutions. Journal Alloys and Compounds. 1995. 220, 1-2. 39-47 (in French). 14 Burabaeva N.M., Volodin V.N., Trebuhov S.A., Tuleutaj F.H., Ersajynova A.A. Davlenie para sostavlyayushchih nad rasplavami sistemy selen – tellur (The vapor pressure of the components above the selenium – tellurium system melts). Kompleksnoe ispol’zovanie mineral’nogo syr’ya = Complex use of mineral resources. 2016. 3. 15-21 (in Russ.). 15 Glazov V.M., Lazarev V.B., Zharov V.V. Fazovye diagrammy prostyh veshhestv (Phase diagrams of simple substances). Moscow. Nauka. 1980. 222 (in Russ.). 16 Lanyon H.P.D., Hockings E. F. The selenium-tellurium system. Physica status solidi. 1966. 17, 2. 185-186 (in Eng.). 17 Diagrammy sostoyaniya dvojnyh metallicheskih sistem. (The diagrams of binary metallic systems). Pod red. Lyakisheva N.P. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 2000. .3, 2. 277-278 (in Russ.) |
Title |
PROCESSING of CONVERTER SLAG of BALKHASH COPPER-SMELTING PLANT. PART I – STRUCTURE and PHASE COMPOSITION |
Authors | Sit’ko Ye. A., Plekhova K. R., Mukhanov D. K., Sukurov B. M. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, Almaty, Kazakhstan lab. of pyrometallurgy of heavy nonferrous metals Sit’ko Ye.A., Cand. Tech. Sci., leading scientific worker Mukhanov D.K., master’s of tech. sciences National lab. for collective using Sukurov B.M., Cand. Tech. Sci., leading scientific worker, e-mail: bsukurov@gmail.com Instityte for Geological sciences named after K.I. Satpaev, Almaty, Kazakhstan Plekhova K.R., senior scientific worker |
Summary | The objects of studies were converter slag samples of Balkhash Copper-Smelting Plant (BCP) in initial state and after heat treatments. There were used methods of mineralogical analysis, X-ray phase semi-quantitative analysis, scanning electron microscopy with electron probe microanalysis, and chemical analyses. It was demonstrated that initial converter slag and its heat treated samples have identical matrices with almost complete coincidence of the mineral and phase compositions. A distinguishing feature is a quantitative ratio of mineral components in the slag bulk. Almost all iron is oxidized and has the form of fayalite, hortonolite, magnetite, and magnetite with other elements (silicon, copper, zinc, aluminum) included into its lattice. The structure of all slag samples indicates on the association of sulphur with copper only. Copper in slag occurs both in the native state and in the sulphide form. A slow cooling of converter slag contributes to decreasing of sulphide-metallic suspension in the melt bulk and its coarsening. |
Key words | converter slag, heat treatment, structural studies, mineral and phase composition |
References |
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Title | Decomposition of IRON, Cobalt and Nickel Selenides in Selenium Distillation Conditions |
Authors | Trebukhov S. A., Volodin V. N., Nitsenko A. V., Burabaeva N. M., Trebukhov A. A.(Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, lab of vacuum processes, Almaty,Kazakhstan Trebukhov s.a. – Cand Tech. Sci, Deputy general director Volodin V.N. – Doctor Tech.Sci., Doctor Phys -Math. Sci., professor, main scientific worker Nitsenko A.V. – Cand Tech. Sci, head of lab Burabaeva N.M. – Cand Tech. Sci, scientific worker, e-mail: nuri_eng@mail.ru Trebukhov A.A. – engineer of 1st category |
Summary | Using diagrams of partial pressure the behavior of iron selenides, nickel and cobalt in a distillation process is investigated at temperatures of selenium boiling point of 672 °C at atmospheric pressure and 400-500 ° C in vacuum. In the context of the distillation of selenium from its melts in vacuum at 400-530°C thermodynamically stable phase of the existence of iron impurities is diselenide FeSe2 (crys.), the dissociation of the compound is not expected. At temperatures from 530 °C to 672 °C (the boiling temperature of selenium, we have found) and pressures of 0,013-6,46 kPa decomposition of iron diselenide into Fe monoselenide occurs with selenium transfer into the vapor phase. Decomposition of iron monoselenide in conditions of the selenium distillation from the melt is impossible. In the melt admixture of cobalt is in the form of stable phase of crystalline cobalt diselenide – Co Se2(cryst.). At temperatures above 607 °C in the pressure range 13-200 Pa it is possible dissociation CoSe2(cryst.) with formation of monoselenide CoSe(cryst.) and selenium vapor. Nickel in the selenium melts at atmospheric and low pressures is presented in the form of a stable phase – nickel monoselenide NiSe, which is similar to the behavior of nickel sulphides in industrial processes. As a result, it is found that, in the conditions of vacuum-and-distillation selenium transfer into the vapor phase and at the presence of metal impurities in the melts, ferrous diselenide FeSe2(cryst.), cobalt diselenide СоSe2(cryst) and nickel monoselenide NiSe(cryst.) are thermodynamically stable. Increase of the process pressure to atmospheric pressure of 0.1 MPa does not change the composition and stability of the compounds. |
Key words | selenium, iron, nickel, cobalt, monoselenides, diselenides, partial pressure diagram |
References |
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MATERIALS SCIENCE
Title | CARBON NANOPARTICLES INFLUENCE on MECHANIC PROPERTIES of EPOXIDE RESIN and CARBON COMPOSITE. REVIEW |
Authors | Yermakhanova A .M., Ismailov M. B. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
The National Center of Space Exploration and Technologies, Dep. of Cosmic Material Technology and Instrumentation Technology; National Research Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev, Cathedra of Machine-Tool Constraction, Materials Science and Technology for Machine-Building Industry, Almaty, Kazakhstan Yermakhanova A .M., doctoral student for Materials Science and Technology Ismailov M.B. – Dr. Tech. Sci., professor, Director of Dep., e-mail: m.ismailov@spaceres.kz |
Summary | Increasing breaking strength of epoxide resin (ER) and carbon composite is an aim up-to-date for many machinery sections: space, aviation, defense, automotive, and others. The aim is achieved via numerous methods of ER and carbon composite modification. ER modification is carried through injection of various chemical compounds. One of efficient modification method assumes introduction of carbon nanoparticles (CNP): carbon nanotubes (CNT), fullerenes, astralenes, graphenes. CNP’s feature is formation of aggregates in polymers, therefore their disintegration is a complicated, yet necessary procedure. The article contains experimental data of CNP influence on breaking strength of ER available in literature. The authors analyzed methods of CHP dispersion in ER. Sensitivity coefficients Кσ and КЕ were introduced to explain strengthening features of CNP, they reflect percentage change of breaking strength limits and material elasticity module under condition of introducing 1 % by CNP mass to ER or carbon composite. Sensitivity coefficients for ER for: CNT are Кσ =18-600, КЕ = 5-153; fullerenes – Кσ = 1,2 -424, КЕ =168; astralenes – Кσ = 666; graphenes – Кσ = 80-909. The optimal quantities of CNP introduction to ER are 0.05-0.3 % and it depends on completeness of dispersion of nanoparticles, further increase of CNP introduction leads to decrease in breaking strength. Greater spread of sensitivity coefficients should be mainly attributed to completeness of CNP dispersion in ER samples, and to the lesser extend – to peculiarities of CNP from different production batches. Upper values of coefficient are important for practice, since they reflect availability of the technology. CNT length almost does not have any impact on the strengthening effect. Availability of carbon nanotubes makes them most promising hardeners for industry technology of carbon composites. The paper discloses efficiency of applying functionalization (preliminary chemical treatment) of CNP. Functionalization of CNP facilitates increasing of Кσ ratio by 14-48 %. Liquids with amino-groups create greatest impact on CNP among other functionalization agents. Also the paper covers carbon plastic. CNT strengthen carbon plastic with coefficient Кσ = 1-399, КЕ =9-635, fullerenes – Кσ = 37, astralenes – Кσ =14-24, КЕ =6. In the case of CNT result is equal to ER data. The acquired data is necessary to elaborate domestic technology for production of super-strong and high-module carbon plastics. |
Key words | carbon nanoparticles, modification, functionalization, dispersion, epoxide resin, carbon plastic, strengthening |
References |
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VIAM. 2005. 204413 [Electron resource] http://viam.ru/public/files/2005/2005-204413.pdf (date of access 12.01.2016) (in Russ.). 62 Gunyaev G.M., Chursova L.V., Komarova O.A., Raskutin A.E., Gunyaeva A.G. Konstruktsionnye polimernye uglenanokompozity – novoe napravlenie materialovedeniya (Structural polymeric carbon composites – a new direction of Materials Sciense). VIAM. 2011. 205794. 4-14 (in Russ.) |
Title | possibilities of intermetallic coating of Al-Cu and Cu-Zn obtaining by magnetron sputtering deposited at metal substrate |
Authors | Ismailov M. B., Ablakatov I. K., Alpysbai I. M. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
The National Center of Space Exploration and Technologies, Dep. of Cosmic Material Technology and Instrumentation Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan Ismailov M.B. – Dr. Tech. Sci., professor, Director of Dep., e-mail: m.ismailov@spaceres.kz Ablakatov I. K., junior scientific worker Alpysbai I. M., senior scientific worker |
Summary | The research aimed at investigating the possibility of obtaining thin intermetallic films, which can be used as thermal control coatings for spacecraft. The coating films build the passive part of the overall thermal control system of a spacecraft, thus they must provide strong adhesion with the material carrier and have high functional characteristics, optical ones in particular. The study concerned issues of synthesis of stable intermetallic phase of Al4Cu9, Al2Cu, Cu5Zn8 at aluminum and copper carriers by magnetron layer-wise sputtering of reagents. Regularities of intermetallic coating formation are studied in modes of “rapid” and “slow” sputtering of reagents, applying various thicknesses of sputtered layers of reagents, temperature of the carrier, heat treatment of sprayed coating. Incomplete and complete modes of synthesis of intermetallic coating have been discovered. Cross-sectional images of coatings, results of microanalyzer scanning of reagent distribution through the thickness of sputtered coating, microhardness values, optical absorption and emission ratios, unit of electric resistances, adhesion to the carrier were obtained. Prototypes of intermetallic thermostatic coatings in “solar reflectors” and “solar absorbers” classes were obtained. The results of measurements of optical and strength characteristics revealed that the intermetallic films can be used not only as thermoregulating coatings for space technology, but also in general mechanical engineering, due to high-end mechanical properties. |
Key words | sun, machine, thermoregulation, coating, synthesis, intermetallic compounds, magnetron sputtering, aluminum, copper, zinc |
References |
1 Korolev S.Y. Sistemy obespecheniya teplovogo rezhima kosmicheskih apparatov. (Systems of thermal controlling of spacecrafts). Baltijskij universitet «Voenmekh» (University of Baltic «Voenmekh»). Мoscow: Mir, 2006. 100 (in Russ.). 2 Mikhailov М.М. Prognozirovanie opticheskoi degrodatsy termoreguliruyushchikh pokrytij kosmicheskih apparatov (Prediction of optical degradation of thermal control coatings of spacecraft). Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1999. 192 (in Russ.). 3 Novikov L.S. Model’ kosmosa. Vozdejstvie kosmicheskoj sredy na materiali i oborudovaniya kosmicheskih apparatov (The Space model. Impact of the space environment on materials and spacecraft equipment). Мoscow: KDU. 2007. 2. 1144 (in Russ.). 4 Khalimanovich V.I., Kharlamov V.A., Ermolaev R.A. Ispytaniya laboratornykh obraztsov termoreguliruyushchikh pokrytij ugleplastikovykh ehlementov kosmicheskih apparatov (Testing of laboratory sample of thermal control coatings of carbon elements of spacecraft) [Electron resource]. – URL: http://elibrari.ru/item.asp?id=13611495 (date of access: 21.06.2016) (in Russ.). 5 Grinberg B.A. Intermetallidy: fundamental’nye aspekty, prilozheniya (Intermetallic compounds: fundamental aspects, applications) [Electron resource]. – URL: http://www.uran.ru/reports/t80.htm. (date of access: 21.06.2016) (in Russ.). 6 Dominant Intermetallic Compounds for Common Bimetall Combination [Electron resource]. – URL: http://web.cecs.pdx.edu. (date of access: 21.06.2016) (in Eng). 7 Yanhong Tian, Chunjin Hang, Chuqing Wang, Y.Zhou. Evolution of Cu/Al Intermetallic Compounds in the Copper Bump bonds during Aging Process [Electron resource]. – URL: http:// ieeexplore.ieee.org. (date of access: 21.06.2016) (in Eng). 8 Kushchev C.B., Maksimenko A.A., Bosykh M.A. Tverdost’ plenok sistemy Al-Cu (Hardness of films of Al-Cu systems). Kondensirovanie sredy i mezhfaznykh granits = Condenced matter and interphase boundaries 1998. 14. 1. 53-59 (in Russ.). 9 Ehlektronno-zondovyj rastrovyj microskop JXA-8230 s microanalizatorom (Electron probe scanning microscope JXA-8230 with Microanalyzer) [Electron resource]. – URL: http://www.eavangard-semi.ru/jeoljxa8230 (date of access: 21.06.2016) (in Russ.). 10 Rentgenovskij Difraktometr D8 Advanced (X-Ray Diffraction D8 Advanced) [Electron resource]. – URL: http://www.ufaras.ru/part_id=398,401,417 (date of access: 21.06.2016) (in Russ.). 11 Microtverdomer PMT-3 (Microhardness PМТ-3) [Electron resource]. – URL: http://www.asma-pribor.ru/dmodules/downloads/download/12/54/ (date of access: 21.06.2016) (in Russ.). 12 Spectrofotometr Shimadzu UV-3600 Plus (Spectrophotometer Shimadzu UV-3600 Plus) [Electron resource]. – URL: https://www.shimadzu.ru/uv-3600-plus (date of access: 21.06.2016) (in Russ.). 13 Pirometr UNIT UT-302B (Pyrometer UNIT UT-302B) [Electron resource]. – URL: http://f77.kz/p3540506-beskontaktnyj-termometr-pirometr.html (date of access: 21.06.2016) (in Russ.). 14 Adeline B.Y.Lim, Xin Long, Lu Shen. Effect of Palladium on the Mechanical Properties of Cu-Al Intermetallic Compounds. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2015. 628.107-112 (in Eng). 15 Drozdov Maria. Microstructural Evolution of Al-Cu Intermetallic Phases in Wire-Bonding: thesis for Master’s Degree in Materials Engineering Science. Technion – Ins. of Technology. Haifa. Israel. 2007. 94. (in Eng). 16 Udel’noe Ehlektricheskoe soprotivlenie (Electrical Resistivity) [Electron resource]. – URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Удельное_электрическое_сопротивление (date of access: 21.06.2016) (in Russ.). 17 Mansoor Farbod, Alireza Mohammadian. Effect of Sintering on the Properties of γ-Brass (Cu5Zn8) Nanoparticles Produced bt the Electric Arc Discharge Method and the Thermal Conductivity of γ-Brass Oil-Based Nanofluid. Metallurgical and Materials transactions A. 2016. 47a. 1409-1412 (in Eng). 18 Lyacine Aloui, Thomas Duguet, Fanta Haidara. Al-Cu intermetallic coatings processed by sequential metalorganic chemical vapour deposition and post-deposition annealing. Applied Surface Science. 2012. 258. 6425-6430 (in Eng). 19 Kwang Seok Lee, Yong-Nam Kwon. Solid-state bonding between Al and Cu by vacuum hot pressing. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2013. 23. 341-346 (in Eng). |
RESEARCH OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Title | OBTAINING of POWDERS of ELECTROLYTIC NICKEL- and RHENIUM-CONTAINING ALLOYS |
Authors | Agapova L. Ya., Kilibaeva S. K., Abisheva Z. S., Yakhiyaeva Zh. E., Altenova A. N. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, lab. of rare scattered elements, Almaty, Kazakhstan Agapova L.Ya., Dr. Tech.Sci., associate professor, head of lab., e-mail: rm.303.imo@mail.ru Kilibaeva S.K., Cand. Tech. Sci., scientific worker Abisheva Z.S., Doctor Tech.Sci., corresponding member of PK NAS, director of O.Baikonurov Mining-Metallurgy institute of KazNRTU Yakhiyaeva Zh.E., engineer Altenova A.N., leading engineer |
Summary | This paper contains results of studies on production of electrolytic Ni-Re-containing alloys. These alloys have more pronounced valuable technical characteristics than analogous casting alloys and can be used in powder metallurgy. The effect of some main electrolysis parameters (electrolyte composition, cathodic current density, temperature) on the chemical, phase composition, structure and yield by current efficiency (YCE) of Ni-Re-containing alloys deposited on a titanium cathode was determined. The alloys were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray phase, chemical, electron-microscopic, and petrographic methods. Deposition of powder alloys from ammonium-sulfate electrolytes (average composition, g/dm3: 12-30 NiSO4, 1.0-7.2 NH4ReO4, 20-80 (NH4)2SO4, 6.6-15.0 H2SO4) showed that with increase of NiSO4 concentration YCE increases from 56 up to 90 %. The average content in the alloys, wt. %: nickel – 47.5-54.9 and rhenium – 37.6-47.5. Increase in the concentration of NH4ReO4 was associated with an increase in YCE from 45 up to 84%. The alloys contain in average, wt. %: 49.0–71.9 of nickel and 22.7–46.5 of rhenium. Increase in the current density (150–300 А/м2) leads to an increase in the YCE from 60 up to 95 %. The concentration of nickel in the alloys increases from 48 up to 63 (wt.%), whereas the concentration of rhenium decreases from 49 to 36 (wt.%). When the temperature of the electrolyte increased (30-60 ºС), the YCE increased from 74 up to 95 %; the concentration of nickel in the alloys increased from 56 up to 61 (wt.%), and the concentration of rhenium varied in the range of 35–38 wt.%. When the composition of the electrolyte was modified (g/dm3: 2 NH4ReO4, 80 (NH4)2SO4) the concentration of nickel in the resulted alloys increases from 76 up to 93 (wt.%), the concentration of rhenium decreases from 19 to 1.7 (wt.%), and the yield by current efficiency of the alloys was from 51.7 to 85.4 % with increase in the temperature. When the temperature increased the alloy powders become more friable and are easily disintegrated. According to X-ray fluorescence analysis data, the alloy base is represented by solid Re solutions in Ni and Ni solutions in Re with particles of 8.2-16.6 nm in size irrespective of the electrolysis parameters. |
Key words | powders, electrolytic alloys, nickel, rhenium, electrodeposition, electrolyte composition, current density, temperature, current efficiency |
References |
1 Kablov E. N., Toloraija V. N., Orehov N. G. Monokristallicheskie nikelevye renijsoderzhashhie splavy dlja turbinnyh lopatok GTD (Monocrystalline nickel alloys containing rhenium for turbine blades of GTE (gas turbine engines)). Metallovedenie i termicheskaja obrabotka metallov = Physical metallurgy and heat treatment of metals. 2002. 7. 7 – 11. (in Russ.) 2 Kablov E.N., Petrushin N.V., Svetlov I.L., Demonis I.M. Litejnye zharoprochnye nikelevye splavy dlja perspektivnyh aviacionnyh GTD (Casting refractory nickel alloys for advanced aviation GTE) Tehnologija legkih splavov = Technology of light alloys. 2007. 2, 6-16. (in Russ.) 3 Luo Yushi, Li Jia-rong, Liu Shi-zhong, Sun Feng-li, Han Mei, Cao Chun-xiao. Influence of Re on durability of single-crystal superalloys at elevated temperatures and high voltages. J. Nonferrous Metals. 2005. 15 11. (in Chin., res. in Eng.) 4 Sakurai Shingo, Mabruri Efendi, Murata Yoshinori, Koyama Toshiyuki, Morinaga Masahiko. Diffusion of refractory elements in Ni-X-Y (X, Y: Co, Re, Ru, W) ternary alloys. Defect and Diffus. Forum. 2008, 273-276, 572-576 (in Eng.). 5 Gamburg Yu.D. Gal’vanicheskie pokrytiyа: spravochnik po primeneniyu (Galvanic coatings: a handbook on the application). Moscow: Techno-sphere, 2006. 216. (in Russ.) 6 Povetkin V.V., Kovenskii I.M., Ustinovshchikov Yu.I. Struktura i svoistva еhlektroliticheskikh splavov (Structure and properties of electrolytic alloys). Moscow: Nauka, 1992. 255. (in Russ.) 7 Pishikin A.M., Popereka M.YA. Osobennosti katodnogo protsessa pri ehlektroosazhdenii nikel-renievykh splavov (Features of cathodic process at nickel-rhenium alloys electrodeposition). J. Prikl. khimii = Journal of Applied Chemistry. 1974. 44, 5. 1015-1020. (in Russ.) 8 Arskaya E.P. Struktura i svoystva tverdyih rastvorov troynoy sistemyi nikel-reniy-molibden (Structure and properties of solid solutions of nickel-molybdenum-rhenium triple system). Metallicheskie monokristallyi (Metal single crystals). Moscow: Nauka, 1990. 220-224. (in Russ.) 9 Sokolov A.YU., Nauryizbaev M.K. Izuchenie osazhdeniya kobalt-molibdenovykh splavov iz ehlektrolitov s razlichnyim znacheniem рН (The study of the deposition of cobalt-molybdenum alloys from electrolytes with various pH). Vestnik Natsionalnoy inzhenernoy akademii RK = Bulletin of the National Engineering Academy of Kazakhstan. 2009. 2(32), 104-110. (in Russ.) 10 Agapova L.Ya., Abisheva Z.S., Ponomareva E.I., Kilibayeva S.K., Aytekeeva S.N. Deposition of electrolytic coatings based on rhenium-tungsten alloys from aqueous solutions. Non-ferrous metals. 2011. 1. 12-16. (in Eng.) 11 Shirong Wen: The electrodeposition and property study of nikel-rhenium Alloy. A Thesis for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering Science. Louisiana State University, USA. December 2005. (in Eng.) 12 Naor A., Eliaz N., Gileadi E. Electrodeposition of rhenium–nickel alloys from aqueous solutions. Electrochimica Acta, 2009. 54. 6028–6035. (in Eng.) 13 Naor A., Eliaz N., Gileadi E. Electrodeposition of Alloys of Rhenium with Iron-Group Metals from Aqueous Solutions. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2010, 157(7), 422-427. (in Eng.) 14 Berkh O., Eliaz N., Gileadi E. The Initial Stages of Electrodeposition of Re-Ni Alloys. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2014, 161(5), 219-226. (in Eng.) 15 Kopyto D., Kwarcinski M., Benke G., Leszczynska-Sejda K., Chmielarz A., Hanke M., Baranek W. Electrochemical method for rhenium-nickel alloys production. By-Product Metals in Non-Ferrous Metals Industry: Abstracts of 3rd Internation. Conf.. Poland, Wroclaw, 2013. 15. (in Eng.). 16 Kopyto D., Leszczyńska-Sejda K., Benke G., Niedbała J., Majewski T., Chmielarz A. Production of electrolytic alloys of refractory metals. By-Product Metals in Non-Ferrous Metals Industry: Abstracts of 6th Internation. Conf. Poland, Wroclaw, 2016. 12. (in Eng.) |
INORGANIC MATERIALS FROM MINERALS
Title | HEAT INSULATING and PROTECTIVE-DECORATIVE FOAM-GLASS COMPOSITE THERMOSYNTHESIS with APPLICATION of SILICA CLAYS |
Authors | Zhakipbayev B. Ye., Kulmakhanova A. Sh., Kadyrbekov M. A., Abdullin A. A. (Shymkent) |
Author´s information |
M. Auezov’s Southern Kazakhstan State University, Dep “Technology of cement, ceramics and glass”, Regional Test laboratory of Engineering Profile “Structural and biochemical materials”, Shymkent, Kazakhstan Zhakipbayev B.Ye., PhD, senior lecturer, e-mail: Bibol_8484@mail.ru Kulmakhanova A.Sh., master’s degree, chemistry, lecturer Kadyrbekov M.A., undergraduate Abdullin A.A., studentr |
Summary | The possibility of thermosynthesis of heat insulating and protective-decorative foam-glass composite on the basis of amorphous siliceous silica clays, excluding from the scheme of the traditional technologies the energy-intensive, economically disadvantageous process of melting and granulation of special multi-component glass mass was studied. It has been established that the mechanism of formation of the primary microparticles of SiO2 colloidal particles begins from the formation of silicic acid monomers with subsequent polymerization and the formation of nucleation. It was found that the resulting spherical particles of amorphous SiO2 have a complex internal structure of fractal type, as shown by the example of the research silica clays, provided globular silicide formations. Substantial and structural features of the researched silica clays, as well as well-known high reactivity of amorphous silica have formed a basis for the formulation of these experimental works on thermosynthesis of foam glass composite. The optimum temperature and time mode for getting foam glass composite is 600-850 0С for 10-15 0С/minute, exposure at 850 0С during 25-30 minutes and annealing. The resulting foam glass composite samples were researched by a scanning electron microscope, which data indicate that the resulting material is a solid foam glass composite. It can be protective and decorative heat insulation of exterior walls of buildings and constructions from the cold. The results can be used in frame of Kazakhstan Republic transition to the “green” economy to implement the second direction of this concept – energy efficiency of housing and communal services. |
Key words | foam-glass composite, thermosynthesis, amorphous silica clay, fractal structure, silicate-sodium mixture |
References |
1 Grigor’yeva N.A. Opalopodobnyye struktury. (Opal similar structures). Vserossiyskaya molodezhnaya konf.: Sb. Tr. (all-Russian Youth Conf.: Proceedings of the conf.). St-Petersburg, Russia, 2012. 200 (in Russ.) 2 Khvorova I.V., Dmitrik A.L. Mikrostruktury kremnistykh porod. (The microstructure of siliceous rocks).) Trudy Geol. instituta AN SSSR = Proceedinga of Geol. Institute of the USSR. 1972. 246. 50 (in Russ.) 3 Mikhaylova O.A., Lygina T.Z., Grevtsev V.A., Aukhadeyev F.L. Teksturnyye i strukturnyye svoystva prirodnykh i modifitsirovannykh dispersnykh sistem (polimineral’nyye tseolitovo-kremnistyye porody). (Textural and structural properties of natural and modified disperse systems (polymineral zeolite-siliceous rocks). Struktura i dinamika molekulyarnykh system = Structure and dynamics of molecular systems. 2007. 1. 360-363. (in Russ.) 4 Marketingovoye issledovaniye rynka pererabotki stekloboya. (Market research processing of cullet) [Electron resource]. www.research-techart.ru/report/scrap-glass-recycling-market.htm. 2008. (date of access: 16.05.2016) (in Russ.) 5 Zhakipbayev B.Ye. Razrabotka i sozdaniye vysokoeffektivnoy tekhnologii penostekla na osnove kremnistykh kriptokristallicheskikh osadochno-khimicheskikh porod YuKO: (Design and creation of high performance cellular glass technology based on siliceous sedimentary cryptocrystalline chemical species SKR): diss…PhDr., Tech.Sci. (thesis for PhD, Tech.Sci.) / M.Auezov South Kazakhstan State University, Shymkent, 2014. 117. (in Russ.) 6 Zhakipbayev B.Ye., Kadyrbekov M.A., Abdullin A.A. Issledovaniye fazovogo sostava i formirovaniye struktury zashchitno-dekorativnogo oblitsovochnogo steklopokrytiya i yego kontaktnogo sloya v osnovanii teploizolyatsionnogo kompozitsionnogo penostekla poluchennogo odnostadiynym sposobom iz amorfno-kremnezemistykh opok Turkestan-Urangayskogo mestorozhdeniya (The phase composition and structure formation of protective and decorative cladding glass coatings and the contact layer in the bottom of the thermal insulation composite foamed glass produced one-step process of the amorphous siliceous flasks Turkestan-Urangay deposit). Innovatsionnyj potentsial nauki i obrazovaniya Kazakhstana v novoy global’noj real’nosti, Auezovskiye chteniya–14: Tr. mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. (Innovative potential of science and education in Kazakhstan in the new global reality, Auezov readings-14: proceedings of Internation. Sci.-pract. Conf.), Shymkent, 2016. 1. 80-84 (in Russ.) 7. Zhakipbayev B.Ye., Yesimov B.O., Adyrbayeva T.A. Al’ternativnyy penomaterial na osnove opokovogo mineral’nogo syr’ya (Alternative foam based opoks minerals) Kompleksnoe ispol’zovanie mineral’nogo syr’ya = Complex use of mineral resources, 2013. 2. 92-102 (in Russ.) |
INDUSTRIAL WASTE UTILIZATION
Title | RED MUD of ALUMINA PRODUCTION as POTENTIAL RAW MATERIAL for RARE EARTH ELEMENTS RECOVERY. REVIEW |
Authors | Akhmadieva N. K., Abdulvaliyev R. A. (Almaty), Ata Akchil (Isparta, Turkey), Gladyshev S. V., Kuldeev E. I. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, lab of Alumina and Aluminium, Almaty,Kazakhstan Akhmadieva N. K., leading engineer, e-mail: naz-ank@inbox.ru Abdulvaliyev R.A.- Cand Tech. Sci, head of lab. Gladyshev S.V. – Cand Tech. Sci, leading scientific worker Kuldeev E. I., Cand. Tech. Sci., deputy general director Suleyman Demirel University, Engineering Faculty, Isparta, Turkey Ata Akchil., PhD, professor |
Summary | Red mud is a toxic, high alkaline waste of Bayer process for alumina production. At the same time, red mud contains valuable components including rare earth elements (REE), and can be used as complex raw material. REE and its compounds have very diverse physical and chemical properties, and accordingly have many applications. World production of rare earth metals is increasing, even Japan, which almost has no sources of raw materials, is one of their main producers and consumers. Due to the growing shortage of rare earth elements in the world, the search for new sources of raw materials is very important. In world practice, variety ways for red mud processing were offered. The paper provides an overview of acidic methods for red mud processing, for extraction of rare earth elements. The analysis of the results showed that the acid leaching of red mud can almost completely recover the rare earth elements in the solution. Extraction of rare earths from the leach solutions is possible with various individual techniques and a combination thereof. Therefore the choice of extraction method is determined by the forms of existence of this element in solution. However, relatively low concentrations of rare earths in solution and significantly amount of impurities increases the cost of the obtaining commercial products. To ensure the cost-effectiveness of the process of obtaining rare earthes of red mud is necessary to increase their content in several times or to processing for extraction of valuable metals such as iron, aluminum, titanium, calcium, and rare earth metals, and others. |
Key words | red mud, alumina production waste, rare earth elements, acid leaching |
References |
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Title | HYDROGENATION of COAL TAR in THE PRESENCE of FERRIFEROUS CATALYSTS in THE ENVIRONMENT of MINE METHANE |
Authors | Ordabayeva A. T, Akhmetkarimova Zh. S., Meyramov M. G., Muldakhmetov Zh. H. (Karaganda) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Organic Synthesis and Coal Chemistry, Karaganda, Kazakhstan Ordabayeva A.T., Cand. Chem. Sci., leading scientific worker Akhmetkarimova Zh.S., PhD, head of lab Meyramov M.G., Cand. Chem. Sci., chief scientific worker Muldakhmetov Zh.H., master’s degree, junior scientific worker, e-mail: zhaslan_m@mail.ru |
Summary | Studying of process of pyrolysis of coal tar fraction with a temperature of boiling up to 523 К was carried out at presence of iron-containing catalysts, and also at presence of the donor forming component – naphthalene. Catalysts were the iron disulfide FeS2 obtained by modifying of the enriched oxide of iron Fe2O3 by heat treatment with sulfur in the environment of hydrogen and the composite catalyst Fe2O3/CS – iron oxide on the carbon carrier. As the hydrogenate environment the mine methane was used as its content in mine gas fluctuates from 1 to 98 %. Use of mine methane as the reducing environment allows utilize mine methane and by that resolves environment protection problems. Use of mine methane instead of hydrogen allows to except a number of the additional stages connected with hydrogen obtaining and to reduce the price of pyrolysis process. Additive of a donor-forming component (naphthalene) into a paste-former at a hydrogenation of coal tar increases the content of hydro-derivatives of naphthalene which are an active donor of hydrogen. At thermal destruction of the dephenolized fraction with boiling temperature before 523 K in the presence of hydrogen donor – naphthalene and the Fe2O3/CS catalyst the content of hydro-derivative of naphthalene – tetrahydronaphthalene increases up to 18.42 %, which is an active donor of hydrogen. Synthesis of the composite catalyst was carried out by impregnation of a coal sorbent by iron pentacarbonyl Fe(CO)5 with the subsequent oxidation of the last to iron oxide Fe2O3. It testifies to high activity of the Fe2O3/CS catalyst obtained by us which during pyrolysis changes to Fe3O4 and activates H-donor abilities of the dephenolized fraction with boiling temperature up to 523 K and accelerates destruction process. |
Key words | hydrogenation, coal tar, catalyst, mine methane, coal tar fraction |
References |
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ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
Title | DUMPS from ARSENIC-CONTAINING RAW MATERIAL PROCESSING in NONFERROUS METALLURGY and POSSIBILITIES of THEIR REDUCE. REVIEW |
Authors | Kopylov N. I., Kaminskij Yu. D. (Novosibirsk, Russia) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Kopylov N.I., Dr. Tech. Sci., leading scientific worker, e-mail: kolyubov@narod.ru Kaminskij Yu.D., Cand. Tech. Sci., senior scientific worker |
Summary | Enormous amount of arsenic-containing wastes is present in the accumulated dumps of metallurgical works. As a result of hypergenesis, chemical reactions involving the transition of arsenic into soluble forms occur in the dumps, which brings danger to the environment. Investigation of hypergenesis taking place in the dumps showed that the degree of toxicity of any arsenic-containing wastes increases sharply with an increase in the time of storage. To prevent environmental contamination, the dumps are to be disposed in landfills with concrete roofs. At the border between the centuries, scorodite and ferrohydrite-arsenate complexes were acknowledged as the most stable forms of arsenic in wastes. These forms of wastes disposed in tailing dumps of concentrating plants are widely involved in Canada, USA, and are being introduced in Russian Federation in processing arsenic-containing raw materials according to autoclave technology and bioleaching. However, special storage conditions are necessary: рН of the medium is to be kept within the range 4-7; the absence of sulfides, organics and other admixtures promoting the formaiton of soluble arsenic compounds is necessary. The most advantageous forms for storage are arsenic sulfide and ferriferous speiss. Arsenic sulfide belongs to the IV hazard rating group, it may be stored in a usual storage room and used to obtain commercial products. Ferriferous speiss is stable in the air and in aqueous medium. Nevertheless, large-scale accumulation of arsenic compounds, even these storable forms, can lead to spontaneous contamination of the environment causing unpredictable consequences in the case if any extraordinary situations arise, caused by natural or anthropogenic factors. Because of this, a crucial solution of the problem of reduction and then complete elimination of arsenic-containing dumps may be large-scale use of arsenic in industry and in national economy, in particular in wood processing, in antifouling coatings of the hulls of sea crafts. |
Key words | arsenic-containing wastes, dumps, scorodite, ferrohydrite-arsenate complexes, ferriferous speiss, wood processing, arsenic sulfide, biocide, antifouling coating |
References |
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