MINING
Title | FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF MECHANICAL ROCKS DESTRUCTION METHODS WITHOUT BLASTING |
Authors | Yedygenov Y.K. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Mining named after D. Kunayev, Branch of RSE “National Center for Integrated Processing of Mineral Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan”. Geotechnical department Edygenov Erik – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Head of the Geotechnics, e-mail: e.k.edigenov@rambler.ru |
Abstract | Currently, the mining industry is undergoing certain difficulties related to the mining and geological conditions became more complicated such as: to start mining at a great depth; the need to involve ores with the low valuable components into the processing; the specific gravity increase of ores mining out of low and extremely low bed seams requiring selective extraction of valuable ores. Under the circumstances the efficiency of ores mining by blasting and drilling methods decreases and the other methods and technologies of deposits development are to be worked out. To enlarge rocks destruction efficiency by powerful percussive machines claims increasing the technological and functional capabilities of this like machines, and expanding application range of technologies without blasting. Hydraulic hammers have become widespread as the attachments, however, their operating efficiency slows down at low temperatures, and they are not able to adapt to the rocks hardness change. The article proposes the design of an electromagnetic hammer developed at the Mining Institute after D.A. Kunayev, having no shortcomings as described above one. The descriptions and test results of the electromagnetic hammer are given which confirmed the possibility to manufacture it at the local factories since it is simple to manufacture and, at the same time, this design operates steadily at minus 40 ° С to plus 40 ° С temperatures, and also regulates energy of a single impact in a wide range. The arrangement of electromagnetic hammers manufacture is established to be one of the steps aimed at implementing the development program of non-commodity sectors of the economy. |
Key words | mining production, destruction without blasting, percussive machines, electromagnetic hammer. |
References |
1 Shumakov V.I. Razrabotka teorii gidrorezaniya peschanikov struyami vody vysokogo davleniya (Development of the theory of hydraulic cutting of sandstones by high-pressure water jets) Gornyj informatsionno-analiticheskij byulleten’: sb. trudov. (Mining information-analytical bulletin: coll. works). Moskow. 2001. 3. 200-202. (in Russ.) 2 Bulavkin A.A., Semeshin I.M., ShemetovM.G. Tekhnologicheskiye kompleksy na baze gidroagregata USVD-3500 dlya konturnoj rezki kamnya. (Technological complexes on the basis of the hydraulic aggregate USVD-3500 for contour cutting of stone) Gornyj informatsionno-analiticheskij byulleten’: sb. trudov (Mining information-analytical bulletin: coll. works). Moskow. Russia. 2000. 3. 105-106. (in Russ.) 3 Melamed Y., Kiselev A., Gelfgat M., Dreesen D. and James B. Hydraulic Hammer Drilling Technology: Developments and Capabilities, J. Energy Resour. Technol. 1999. 122(1). 1–7. (in Eng.). 4 Tang JR, LU YY, Ge ZL, Xia BW, Wang JH. Combined drilling of hard rock with abrasive water jet and mechanical bit to improve drilling efficiency. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering. 2013. 30(4). 621–627. (in Eng.). 5 Vse o gornom dele Dobyvayushchaya promyshlennost’. (All about mining. Extractive industry). (electronic resource) http://industry-portal24. ru/razrushenie/ 2018. (acces date:12.05.2018). (in Russ.) 6 Karkashadze G.G. Mekhanicheskoye razrusheniye gornykh porod. (Mechanical destruction of rocks). Moskow. MGGU. 2004. 220. (in Russ.). 7 Podehrni R.YU. Mekhanicheskoye oborudovaniye kar’yerov. (Mechanical equipment of quarries) Moskow. MGGU. 2003. 420. (in Russ.) 8 Kholodnyakov G.A., Ligotskiy D.N., Polovinko A.V. Skhemy raboty gidravlicheskogo ekskavatora s podvesnym gidromolotom v zaboye pri pervichnoy otboyke porody (Schemes of operation of a hydraulic excavator with a pendant hydraulic breaker in the bottom during primary breakage of rock) Gornyy informatsionno-analiticheskiy byulleten’: sb. trudov. (Mining Information and Analytical Bulletin: Sat. works). Moscow. Russia. 2012. 4. 248-251 (in Russ.). 9 Deniz T., Shahabedin H. Predicting performance of impact hammers from rock quality designation and compressive strength properties in various rock masses. TUNN UNDERGR SP TECH. 2016. 59. 37–47. (in Eng.). 10 Mishnaevsky JR. A brief review of Soviet theoretical approaches to dynamic rock failure. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sc. 1993. 30(6). 663–668. (in Eng.). 11 Beksalov Ye.B., Absamatov E.N., Garipov F.R., Dandybayev M.ZH., Beksalov I.E. Bezvzryvnaya tekhnologiya razrusheniya krepkikh porod na otkrytykh rabotakh i rekomendatsii po yeyo primeneniyu. (Explosive technology for the destruction of hard rocks in open works and recommendations for its use). Mashinovedeniye: sb. trudov. (Machine Science: Sat. works.). Bishkek Kyrgyz Republic. 2008. 6. 117-124. (in Russ.). 12 Butkevich G.R. Vzryvnyye i bezvzryvnyye sposoby razrusheniya skal’nykh porod na kar’yerakh (Explosive and non-explosive methods of destruction of rock on quarries). Nerudnyye stroitel’nyye materialy. (Nonmetallic building materials). Moskow. RF. 2011. 1. 33 -34. (in Russ.). 13 Pat. №026610 YEAP. Elektromagnitnyy molot (Electromagnetic Hammer). Yedygenov Ye.K. published 28.04.2017. Byul. 4. (in Russ.). 14 Yedygenov Ye.K., Lyashkov V. Electromagnetic rock breaker for non-explosive rocks breaking. International Symposium on planning of mining and selection of equipment of MPES 2011 – Almaty. 2011. 1002-1012. (in Eng.). 15 Yedygenov Ye.K. Sozdaniye gornykh mashin s elektromagnitnym privodom – shag k importozameshcheniyu (The creation of mining machines with an electromagnetic drive – a step to import substitution) Innovatsii v kompleksnoy pererabotke mineral’nogo syr’ya: mater. mezhdunar. konf. (Innovations in complex processing of mineral raw materials: mater. Intern. Conf.). Almaty, Kazakhstan. 2016. 116-120. (in Russ.). 16 Yedygenov Ye.K., Korablev G.A., Vagapov R.V., Lyashkov V.I. Rezul’taty ispytaniya privoda elektromagnitnogo molota (Results of the electromagnetic hammer drive test.) Nauchno-tekhnicheskoye obespecheniye gornogo proizvodstva. (Scientific and technical support of mining.). Almaty. 2014. 176-183. (in Russ.). 17 Yedygenov Ye.K. Elektromagnitnyy molot-konkurent gidromolotu (Electromagnetic hammer-competitor to hydraulic hammer). Gornyj zhurnal Kazakhstana (Mining magazine of Kazakhstan ). Almaty. 2015. 8. 42-46. (in Russ.). 18 Model’nyy ryad MTV. (MTV series.). Buklet. Istambul. Turkey. 2015. 15. (in Russ.). |
Link to this article: Едыгенов Е. К. Перспективы развития механических методов безвзрывного разрушения горных пород // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 20018. – №4. – p. 6-10. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.24
MINERALS BENEFICIATION
Title | RE-EXTRACTION OF GOLD IN THE CONCENTRATE FROM WASTE TAILINGS BY FLOTATION METHOD |
Authors | Abdyldaev N.N., Koyzhanova A.K., Kamalov E.M., Zhanabay J.D., Akchulakova S.T. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication. Hydrometallurgy laboratory. Almaty. Kazakhstan. Abdyldaev Nurgali Nurlanovich – a bachelor is metallurgy, engineer. orcid.org/0000-0001-8145-5741. E.mail: nur.ab.kz@mail.ru Koyzhanova Aigul Kairgeldyevna – Hydrometallurgy laboratory, Candidate of Science in Technology, Head of laboratory. orcid.org/0000-0001-9358-3193. E.mail: aigul_koizhan@mail.ru Kamalov Emil Maksutovich – A bachelor is metallurgy, Senior Researcher. orcid.org/0000-0002-6073-3489. E.mail: emil-kamalov@mail.ru Zhanabay Zhanar Dildabekyzy – A bachelor is metallurgy, engineer. orcid.org/0000-0002-8320-2112. E.mail: zhanabay.89@mail.ru Akchulakova Sayran Toleutaevna – Candidate of Science in Technology, Leading Researcher. |
Abstract | Actualization of the work on processing of dead tailings, based on modern methods of enrichment, hydrometallurgy, on the involvement in processing of mineral resources of man-made origin. Currently, the Maikai enrichment,in order to expand the raw materials base and increase the complexity of the use of natural raw materials, conduct intensive geological prospecting for the extraction of gold from hard-to-refractory raw materials. However, due to the fact that the gold-bearing technogenic mineral formation of this field is classified as stubborn, the problem of extracting gold and other precious metals is significant. The results of the study of the material composition of the stale tails of the technogenic mineral formation of the Maikai enrichment factory are presented. It was found that the sample contained 1.46 g / t Au. The content of sulfide minerals is 28.2%, the main sulphides are pyrite (10 %). A significant part of gold (42 %) is in a thin-grained state in sulfides, and also in rock-forming minerals of 12.7%. Optimum reagent flotation regime for sulphide test: the main flotation of butyl xanthate is 120 g / t, T-80 is 72 g / t, control flotation of butyl xanthate is 60 g / t. For the production of flotation concentrates, the most optimal option is the grinding size of 97.02 % of the class -0.040 mm for 20 minutes. Studies on the enrichment by flotation methods have shown that as a result of tailings enrichment in the optimum reagent regime, a concentrate with a gold content of 9.39 g / t is obtained with 82.39 % recovery. |
Key words | gold, stale tails, flotation, flotation concentrate, grinding, extraction, material composition. |
References |
1 Healy T. W. Fundamentals of Sulfide and Non Sulfide Flotation Chemistry. A Focus on the Differences and the Similarities. Centenary of flotation proceedings, AIMM, Brisbane. 2005. 233 – 245. (in Eng.). 2 Kenzhaliev B.K, Surkova T. Yu., Yulusov S. B., Pirmatov E. A., Dulenin A. P. Polucheniye kontsentrata redkozemelnykh elementov iz otkhodov i promproduktov uranovoy promyshlennosti (Obtaining concentrate of rare-earth elements from waste and industrial products of uranium industry). Kompleksnoye ispol’zovaniye mineralnogo syr’ia=Complex use of mineral resourcess, 2017. 1. 72-79 (in Russ.) 3 Chanturya V. A., Bunin I. J., Lunin V. D. Non traditional highly effective breaking up technology for resistant gold containing ores and beneficiation products. Proceeding of XXII IMPC. – Cape Town. 2003. 137-149. (in Eng.). 4 Algebraistova N.K, Alekseeva E.A, Kolyago E.K Mineralogiya i tekhnologiya obogashcheniya lezhalykh khvostov Artemovskoy ZIF (Mineralogy and technology of enrichment of the stale tails of the Artemovsk ZIF). Report on the simp. The Week of the Miner. Moscow. 2000. 41-48. (in Russ.). 5 Meretukov M.A, Turin K.K. Povedeniye zolota v khvostovykh otvalakh (Behavior of gold in tailings dumps). Tsvetnyye metally = Non-ferrous metals. 2011. 7. 27-31. (in Russ.). 6 Logachev A.V, Komashchenko V.I. Problemy polucheniya zolota iz khvostov obogashcheniya (Problems of obtaining gold from tailings enrichment). Mining, oil, geological and geoecological education. – Gorno-Altaisk. 2008. 56-61. (in Russ.). 7 Gurin K.K, Bashlykova T.V, Ananiev P.P, Boboev I.R, Gorbunov E.P. Izvlecheniye zolota iz khvostov zolotoizvlekatelnoy fabriki ot pererabotki upornykh rud smeshannogo tipa (Extraction of gold from the tailings of the gold recovery factory from the processing of resistant mixed-type ores). Tsvetnyye metally =Non-ferrous metals. 2013. 5. 39-43. (in Russ.). 8 Abdykirova G.Zh., Bekturganov N.S, Dyusenova S.B, Taneykeeva M.Sh., Sukurov B.M Issledovaniye vozmozhnosti izvlecheniya zolota iz lezhalykh khvostov zolotoizvlekatelnoy fabriki (Investigation of the possibility of extracting gold from the stale tails of the gold recovery plant). Obogashcheniye rud=Enrichment of ores. 2015. 5. 46-53 DOI: 10.17580.or-2015-03-03. (in Russ.) 9 Koijanova A. K. Sedelnikova G. V. Kamalov E.M. Erdenova M.B, Abdyldaev N.N Izvlecheniye zolota iz lezhalykh khvostov zolotoizvlekatelnoy fabriki (Extraction of gold from the stale tails of the gold recovery factory). Otechestvennaya geologiya=Domestic geology. 2017. 6. 98-102. (in Russ.). 10 Bekturganov N.S. Innovatsionnyye tekhnologii obogashcheniya mineralnogo i tekhnogennogo syria Kazakhstana (Innovative technologies of enrichment of mineral and technogenic raw materials of Kazakhstan). Materials of the International meeting Innovative processes of complex and deep processing of mineral raw materials=Plaksinsky readings. Tomsk. 2013. 27. (in Russ.). 11 Semushkina L.V, Turysbekov D.K, Tusupbaev N.K, Satylganova S.B, Mukhanova A.A Primeneniye polifunktsionalnykh flotoreagentov pri pererabotke tekhnogennogo syria (Application of polyfunctional flotation agents for processing of technogenic raw materials). Kompleksnoye ispol’zovaniye mineralnogo syr’ia=Complex use of mineral resourcess. 2015. 4. 3-10. (in Russ.). 12 Fedotov P.K, Senchenko A.E, Fedotov K.V, Burdonov A.E Issledovaniya obogatimosti upornykh pervichnykh i smeshannykh rud zolotorudnogo mestorozhdeniya Krasnoyarskogo kraya (Investigations of the enrichment of persistent primary and mixed ores of the gold deposit of the Krasnoyarsk Territory). Obogashcheniye rud=Enrichment of ores. 2017. 3. 21-25. (in Russ.). |
Link to this article: Абдылдаев Н. Н., Койжановa А. К., Камалов Э. М., Жанабай Ж. Д., Акчулакова С. Т. Доизвлечение золота в концентрат из лежалых хвостов методом флотации // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 11-16. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.25
Title | FLOCCULATION OF A SUSPENSION OF QUARTZ IN THE PRESENCE OF SUPER FLOCCULANTS OF DIFFERENT CHARGE |
Authors | Tussupbayev N. K., Yerzhanova J.A., Bilyalova S.M., Toilanbay G.A. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication. Tussupbayev Nessipbay Kuandkulu – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Leading researcher, Head of Laboratory of flotation reagents and beneficiation. E.mail: nesipbay@mail.ru Yerzhanova Jadra Amankeldievna – masters degree, Researcher. E.mail: Jadu@mail.ru Bilyalova Saltanat Manapovna – Engineer. E.mail: salta.b-79@mail.ru Toilanbay Gulnara Auelbekovna – Leading Engineer. E.mail: toilanbai@mail.ru |
Abstract | The influence of cationic and anionic superprocesses and their binary mixtures on the degree of aggregation and the charge of particles of a suspension of quartz. Varied the amount entered in the suspension of the specified reagents, the charge density of the flocculants, the order of introduction of mixture components in the system. The addition of anionic flocculant causes a twofold increase in the potential due to adsorption of negatively charged ions of polymer segments on the negatively charged surface of quartz particles due to non-Coulomb forces. It is shown that the addition of cationic flocculant leads to a significant decrease in the negative values of the particles and a change in the sign of their charge. In the presence of mixtures of anionic and cationic flocculants, regardless of their composition and the order of introduction of the components into the suspension, the particles acquire a negative potential characteristic of the particles adsorbing only anionic flocculant. With an increase in the amount of the added mixture, the flocculation rate and the size of the resulting floccules increase, while a further increase in the concentration of these mixtures causes a decrease in the size of the aggregates. For mixtures of charged anionic and cationic flocculants, the synergism of flocculant action is observed. This effect was observed even for mixtures with multiple excess of negatively charged segments compared to positively charged ones. The observed regularities are explained by the peculiarities of the structure of adsorption layers of flocculant mixtures by the coexistence of a thin layer of adsorbed cationic polymer chains with a large number of contacts with the surface and an extended layer of anionic flocculant (long loops and tails of macromolecules), in which a layer of cationic polymer is “hidden”. The electrokinetic potential and the ability of particles to aggregate (by the mechanism of formation of polymer bridges) in solutions of mixtures of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes is determined, first of all, by the adsorption value of anionic polymer. |
Key words | cationic and anionic superflously, flocculation, aggregation, Zeta potential. |
References |
1 Bauman A. The problems of designing schemes of condensation and water processing plants. Enrichment of ores. 2016. 3. 58-62. (in Russ). 3 Musabekov K.B., Tussupbayev N.K. Novye kompozitsionnyye flokulyanty (New composite flocculants). Khimiya i khimicheskaya tekhnologiya=Chemistry and chemical technology. 2001. 1. 113-137. (in Russ). 6 Esengaziev A. M., Syzdykov A. E., Musina M. M., Tussupbayev N. Serikova Z. Osobennosti sgushcheniya suspenzii otval’nykh khvostov flotatsii metodom ul’traflokulyatsii (Features of thickening of the slurry of tailings, the flotation method of ultraflocality). Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii Abishevskiye chteniya – 2016 “Innovatsii v kompleksnoy pererabotke mineral’nogo syr’ya”. g,Almaty, 21-22 yanvarya 2016. (Materials of the international scientific-practical conference Abishev readings-2016 “Innovations in complex processing of mineral raw materials”. Almaty, 21-22 January 2016). 2016. 236-240. (in Russ). 7 Barany S., Meszaros R., Kozakova I., Skvarla J. Kinetika i mekhanizm flokulyatsii suspenziy bentonita i kaolina polielektrolitami i prochnost’ obrazuyushchikhsya flokul (Kinetics and mechanism of flocculation of bentonite and kaolin suspensions with polyelectrolytes and strength of flocs formed). Kolloidnyy zhurnal=Colloid Journal. 2009. 71,3, 291-298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1061933X09030016.(in Russ). 12 Novikova N. A., Golikova E. V. , Molodkina L.M., Bareeva R. S. , Yanklovich M. A., Chernoberezhskii Yu. M. Aggregation stability of monodisperse silica sol in NaCl and BaCl2 solutions. Colloid Journal. 2015. 77.3. 312-320. (in Eng). DOI: 10.1134/S1061933X15030138 14 Taubayeva R., Mesarosh R., Musabekov K., Baran S. Elektrokineticheskiy potentsial i flokulyatsiya suspenziy bentonita v rastvorakh PAV, polielektrolitov i ikh smesey. (Electrokinetic potential and flocculation of bentonite suspensions in solutions of surfactants, polyelectrolytes and their mixtures). Colloid Journal. 2015. 77. 100-106. (in Russ). DOI: 10.7868/S0023291214060172 15 Bilyalova S.M., Tussupbayev N.K., Erzhanova Zh.A., Muhkamedilova A.M. Kolloidno-khimicheskiye i flotatsionnyye kharakteristiki polifunktsional’nykh reagentov. (Colloid-chemical and flotationcharacteristics of multifunctional reagents). Kompleksnoye ispol’zovaniye mineral’nogo syr’ya=Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2017. 1. 5-10. (in Russ). 17 Kenzhaliyev B.K., Berkinbayeva A.N., Sharipov R.H. Research of the Interacting Process of Copper-Base Alloys with Leaching Solutions under the Action of Different Physicochemical Factors. American Journal of Applied Sciences. 2015. 12, 12. 982-992. DOI:10.3844/ajassp.2015.982.992. (in Eng). |
Cite this article as: Тусупбаев Н.К., Ержанова Ж.А., Билялова С.М., Тойланбай Г.А. Флокуляция суспензии кварца в присутствии суперфлокулянтов различного заряда // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 17-27. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.26
METALLURGY
Title | TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF COAL MINE DUMPS BIOLEACHING FOR THE RARE METALS EXTRACTION |
Authors | Blayda I.A., Vasylevа T.V., Slyusarenko L.I., Barba I.N., Vodzinskii S.V. (Odesa, Ukraine) |
Author´s information |
Mechnikov Odesa national university, Biotechnological Scientific and Educational center. Odesa, Ukraine Blayda Irina – phD, Head of the Laboratory, E-mail: iblayda@ukr.net Vasyleva Tatiana – phD, Senior Researcher, E-mail: taninmir20@gmail.com Slysarenko Larisa – Researcher, E-mail: dslyusarenko@gmail.com Barba Irina – Researcher, E.mail: iblayda@ukr.net Vodzinskii Sergey – phD, Senior Researcher. E.mail: iblayda@ukr.net |
Abstract | The article presents the results of determining the ways for intensification of coal-washing dumps bioleaching aimed at maximizing the recovery of rare metals in a short time by activating of the aboriginal association of microorganisms. Modern and classical methods of investigation were used in the work like atomic absorption, spectral, mathematical planning of the experiment adapted to the plan in Greek-Latin squares etc. The potentiometric method and an author’s patented electrochemical cell were used to measure the redox potential (Eh) and pH. It is recommended to carry out a process of bacterial leaching of germanium and gallium from coal mine dumps using various nutrient media and conditions (as their effectiveness decreases): optimum nutrient media (ONM), obtained by the mathematical planning of the experiment; media 9K with 44,5 g/dm3 FeSO4.7H2O at Eh=0,65 V; media 9К with 15,0 g/dm3 Fe2(SO4.)3.7H2O; media 9К with 44,5 g/dm3 FeSO4.7H2O. This allows extracting 81.5–93.5 % and 75.5–89.5 % of germanium and gallium, respectively, from coal mines dumps depending on the conditions for 4–7 days. It is recommended to add to the ONM a bacterial preparation, obtained on the basis of association of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Lv black 37 and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Lv red 9 strains, isolated from coal mines dumps. The technological scheme is proposed and the results of the biotechnology tests on an enlarged scale on the experimental stand of three consecutive tank units, using the ONM and the bacterial preparation, are presented. It shows its high efficiency and the possibility of obtaining ecologically safe and promising dumps for further use, as well as germanium-containing solutions suitable for further processing with the aim of obtaining of the rare metal concentrate. |
Key words | coal mines dumps, aboriginal association of microorganisms, germanium, gallium, bioleaching |
References |
1 Tolstov E.A., Latyshev V.E., Lil’bok L.A. Vozmozhnosti primeneniya biogeotekhnologii pri vyshchelachivanii bednykh i upornykh rud (Biogeotechnology the possibility of applying the leaching of the poor and refractory ores). Gornyj zhurnal= Mining Journal. 2003, 8. 63 – 65 (in Russ.) 3 Brierley J.A. Expanding role of microbiology in metallurgical processes. Mining Engineering. 2000, 52(1). 49 – 53 (in Eng.) 5 Blayda I., Vasyleva T., Slyusarenko L., Abisheva Z., Ivanytsia V. The germanium extraction from industrial wastes by microbiological methods. XXVI International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC 2012). New Delhi. 2012. 550-558 (in Eng.) 9 Havezov I., Tsalev D. Atomno-absorbtsionnyj analiz (Atomic absorption analysis.). Leningrad: Khimiya. 1983. 144. (in Russ.) 10. Nazarenko V.A. Analiticheskaya khimiya germaniya (Analytical chemistry of germanium). Moscow: Nauka. 1973. 264. (in Russ.) 11 Dymov A.M., Savostin A.P. Analiticheskaya khimiya galliya (Analytical chemistry of gallium). Moscow: Nauka. 1968. 256. (in Russ.) 15 Grachev Ju.P., Plaksin Ju.M. Matematicheskie metodyi planirovaniya eksperimenta (Mathematical methods of experiment planning). Moscow: Nauka. 2005, 296. (in Russ.) 16 Karavajko G.I. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo po biogeotehnologii metallov (Guide to biogeotechnology of metals). Moscow: AN SSSR. 1989. 371. (in Russ.) |
Link to this article: Блайда И.А., Васильева Т.В., Слюсаренко Л.И., Барба И.Н., Водзинский С.В. Технологические параметры процесса биовыщелачивания отвалов углеобогащения с целью извлечения редких металлов // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. –p. 28-37. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.27
Title | RESEARCH OF METALLURGICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-ASH COAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FERRO-ALLOYS |
Authors | Gabdullin S.T., Beisenov S., Shabanov E.J., Talukder R.T., Muzdybaev D.R. (Karaganda) |
Author´s information |
Laboratory of ferro-alloys and recovery processes of Chemical-metallurgical Institute. Zh. Abisheva, Karaganda Gabdullin Serik Tokanovich – с.e.s., leading researcher. ORCID: 0000-0001-5551-2386. E.mail: S.gabdullin.63@mail.ru Baisanov Sailaubai – d.e.s, Professor. director, head of laboratory. E.mail: splav-sailaubai@mail.ru Shabanov Erbol Zhaksylykuly – PhD, director, head of laboratory.ORCID: 0000-0001-6902-1211. E.mail: ye.shabanov@gmail.com Tоlеukadyr Ruslan Toleuzhanuly – engineer 2 categories. E.mail: ruslan-94kz@mail.ru Muzdybayev Dossaman Rashiduly – engineer 2 categories. E.mail: 5178d@mail.ru |
Abstract | In laboratory conditions researches on studying of metallurgical properties of high-ash reducing agents on the example of stone coals of the Borly Deposit are carried out. Physical and chemical characteristics of the studied coals are determined: strength, density, porosity, electrical resistivity and reactivity. A comparative analysis of the properties of coal with known reducing agents of ferroalloy production: Magnitogorsk and Chinese cokes, Angarsk and Leninsk-Kuznetsk semi-coxes. It was found that the studied coals have high values of electrical resistivity and reactivity, providing intensive reduction of oxides of charge materials, as well as contributing to a more complete use of the furnace power. Indications of mechanical strength test coal meet the requirements for carbon-containing raw materials used for the production of ferroalloys according are 50-60%. The main strength characteristic of carbon reducing agents used in the Ferroalloy industry is their structural strength, the values of which should be within 45-55% according. The structural strength of the coal under study is quite high and is 81.35 % and close in value to the Magnitogorsk coke 87.5 %. Indicators of reactivity is of 8.61 ml/g∙s and comparable with the values of Leninsk-Kuznetsk of 8.02 ml/g∙s and the Angarsk 9,80 ml/g∙ s semi-coxes. In general, the metallurgical properties of high-ash Borlin coals are within acceptable limits and fully meet the requirements for reducing agents used in the production of ferroalloys. |
Key words | high-ash coal, reducing agent, ferroalloy, semi-coke, specific electrical resistivity, strength. |
References |
1 Svyatov B. A., Golovachov, N., Platonov V. Privalov O., Kim V., Efimets A., Khudov S., Nurmukhanbetov Zh. Opytnaja kampanija po ispol’zovaniju Leninsk-Kuzneckogo polukoksa pri proizvodstve vysokokremnistogo ferrosilicija (Experienced campaign on the use of Leninsk-Kuznetsk of semi-coke in the production of high-silicon ferrosilicon).Fiziko khimicheskiyei tekhnologicheskiye voprosy metallurgicheskogo proizvodstva Kazakhstana: sb. nauch. tr. KhMIim. Zh.Abisheva (Physico-chemical and technological issues of metallurgical production of Kazakhstan: collection of scientific works. Tr. Of CMI them. J. Abisheva.) Almaty, 2002. 30, 2. 325-329. (in Russ.) 2 Kim V.A., Tolymbekov M.Zh., Privalova O.E., Osipova L.V., Kudarinova S.H. Ispol’zovanie uglerodistyh vosstanovitelej v ferrosplavnom proizvodstve Kazahstana (Use of carbonaceous reducing agents in ferroalloy production in Kazakhstan). Stal’=Steel. Moscow, 2010. 10. 33-37. (in Russ.) 3 Mussina I.B., Takenov, T. D., Tolymbekov M.Zh., Privalov O.E., Golovachev N.P. Otcenka vysokozol’nogo nizkofosforistogo uglja v kachestve vosstanovitelja pri vyplavke vysokouglerodistogo ferrohroma (Assessment low phosphorous high-ash coal as a reductant in the smelting of high-carbon ferrochrome). Abstracts. IV Mezhd. science. practice. Conf. “Problems and ways of sustainable development of mining industries”. Khromtau, 2007. 691-694. (in Russ.) 4 Tolymbekov M.Zh., Musina I.B., Akuov A.M., Takenov T.D., Osipova L.V. Razrabotka tekhnologii polucheniya kompleksnogo splava AHS (alyuminij-hrom-kremnij) iz kempirsajskih hromovyh rud i ehkibastuhkogo uglya (Development of technology for obtaining a complex alloy of AHS (aluminum-chromium-silicon) from Kempirsai chrome ores and ekibastuhkogo coal). Kompleksnoe ispol’zovanie mineral’nogo syr’ya= Complex use of mineral resources. Almaty. 2008. 5. 105-109. (in Russ.) 5 Musina I. B., Tolymbekov M.Zh., Baisanov S. O., Privalov O.E., Osipova L. Ispol’zovanie vysokozol’nyh kamennyh uglej pri proizvodstve uglerodistogo ferrohroma i ferrosilikomarganca (The use of high-ash coal in the production of carbon ferrochrome, and of ferrosilicomanganese in). Teoriya i praktika ferrosplavnogo proizvodstva: sb. nauch. tr. AO «Serovskiy zavod ferrosplavov» (Theory and practice of Ferroalloy production: collection of scientific works. Tr. JSC “Serov Ferroalloy plant”). Nizhny Tagil, 2008. 62-65. (in Russ.) 6 Shabanov Ye.Zh., Baikanov S.O., Chekimbaev A.F. Zhaksylykov D.A., Mukhambetgaliyev E.K. Iccledovaniya po izmereniyu udelnogo elektro soprotivleniya i temperatury nachala razmyagcheniya shixtovyx materialov alyumocilikoxroma pri tepmicheckom vozdeyctvii (The experiments on the measurement of advanced electrical power and temperature have begun to soften the shikhovyh materials of the aluminum silicate in the case of thermal inclusions). Proceedings of VI Int. scientific-practical. Conf. “Scientific and technological progress in metallurgy”. -Temirtau, 2011. 78-82 . (in Russ.). 7 Freidina E.V., Botvinnik A.A., Dvornikova A.N. Osnovnyye printsipy ispolzovaniya uglya (Basic principles of coal classification by useful quality). Gornaya nauka = Journal of Mining Science. 2011. 47.5. 593-605. (in Russ.) 8 Shabanov Ye., Baikanov C., Isgulov A., Baikanov A., Chukimbaev A., Zhaksylykov D. Poluchenie komplekcnogo cplava alyumocilikoxroma (The accumulation of the chemical composition of the alumico-silicone). Zhurnal “The thought of Kazzakstan” Almaty, 2013. 5. 44-45. (in Russ.) 9 Razdobreev V.G. Poluchenie kompleksnyh uglerodistyh vosstanovitelej iz vysokozol’nyh uglej (Acquisition of complex carbonate recoverers from high-rise owl). Scientific and creative heritage of Academician EA Buketov. Karaganda. 2015. 1. 427-430. (in Russ.). 10 Tolymbekov M.Zh., Orlov A.S., Svyatov B.A., Musina I.B., Gabdullin S.T. Polucheniye kompleksnogo splava na baze alyuminiya, kremniya i khroma s ispolzovaniyem briketirovannogo syria (Obtaining a complex alloy based on aluminum, silicon and chromium using briquetted raw materials). Materialy мezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferecii, posvyashchennoj 90 letiyu vydayushchegosya uchenogo, akademika AN KazSSR, laureata gosudarstvennoj premii SSSR Buketova Evneya Arstanovicha (Materials International Scientific and Practical Conference, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the outstanding scientist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, winner of the State Prize of the USSR Buketov Evnei Arstanovich). “Himiya i metallurgiya kompleksnoj pererabotki mineral’nogo syr’ya” (Chemistry and metallurgy of complex processing of mineral raw materials) Almaty. 2015. 302-307. (in Russ.). 11 Musina I.B., Tolymbekov M.Zh., Gabdullin S.T., Agisova A.K., Mukhtarova G.M., Orlov A.S. Perspektivy ispolzovaniya karbonatno-silikatno-oksidnykh margantsevykh rud i vysokozolnykh ugley dlya polucheniya kompleksnogo kaltsiysoderzhashchego splava (Prospects for the use of carbonate-silicate-oxide manganese ores and high-ash coals to produce a complex calcium-containing alloy). Materialy mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferecii, posvyashchennoj 90 letiyu vydayushchegosya uchenogo, akademika AN KazSSR, laureata gosudarstvennoj premii SSSR Buketova Evneya Arstanovicha (Materials International Scientific and Practical Conference, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the outstanding scientist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, winner of the State Prize of the USSR Buketov Evnei Arstanovich). “Himiya i metallurgiya kompleksnoj pererabotki mineral’nogo syr’ya” (Chemistry and metallurgy of complex processing of mineral raw materials) Almaty. 2015. 298-301. (in Russ.). 12 Samuratov E.K, Abikov S.B, Akuov A.M, Zhumagaliev E.U, Kelamanov B.S. Izuchenie fiziko-himicheskih prevrashhenij uglej v neizotermicheskih uslovijah(Study of physicochemical properties of the ugly in neizothermic conditions). Tekhnicheskie nauki=Engineering 2016. 8-9. 54 -55. (in Russ.). 13 Mukhambetgaliev E.K., Baissanov S.O., Roshchin V.Ye. Vycokozolnyy ugol – komplekcnoye cyrye dlya polucheniya ferrocplava (High-carbon coal is a complex raw material for obtaining ferroalloy). Materialy VI Mezhd. nauch.-tekhn. konf. «Pererabotka mineralnogo syria. Innovatsionnyye tekhnologii i oborudovaniye» (Materials VI Int. scientific-techn. Conf. “Processing of mineral raw materials. Innovative technologies and equipment “), Minsk: JSC “NGO Center”, 04-05 October 2016. 31-33. (in Bel). (in Russ.). 14 Tolymbekov M.Zh., Gabdullin S.T. Poluchenie kompleksnogo kal’cijsoderzhashchego splava (Preparation of complex calcium-containing alloy). Trudy universiteta=Proceedings of the University. Karaganda, 2017. 5. 33-36. (in Russ.) |
Link to this article: Габдуллин С. Т., Байсанов С., Шабанов Е. Ж., Толеукадыр Р.Т., Муздыбаев Д.Р. Исследование металлургических свойств высокозольных углей для производства ферросплавов // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 38-45. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.28
Title |
SLIME FROM SULFURIC ACID SHOP OF BALKHASH COPPER-SMELTING FACTORY – ALTERNATIVE SOURCE FOR PRODUCTION OF SELENIUM AT THE ENTERPRISE. REVIEW |
Authors | Zagorodnyaya A. N. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
JSC “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation “,laboratory of rare scattered elements Zagorodnyaya ALina Nikolaevna – Doctor of Technical Sciences,professor, Chief Researcher. ORCID: 0000-0002-8252-8954. E.mail: Alinazag39@mail.ru |
Abstract | The article covers the problems of possibility for involving selenium from the slime of the sulfuric acid shop of the Balkhash Copper Smelting Plant (BCSP) into the sphere of its production. At pyrometallurgical processing of copper charge, selenium is sublimated and distributed among four waste products: washing sulfuric acid, slimes of sulfuric acid and electrolyte shop, and electrofilter dust. In the world, the main raw material for the production of selenium is copper electrolytic sludge (90 %) and sludge of sulfuric acid production of the chemical and pulp and paper industry (10 %). A comparative analysis of selenium content in the slimes of the metallurgical, chemical and pulp and paper industries showed that the content of selenium in the slimes of the sulfuric acid shops of the BCSP and “Kola Company” JSC is identical and much higher than in copper electrolytic slimes – the main source of selenium in the world. The qualitative, quantitative, granulometric and material compositions of the slime of the BCSP’s sulfuric acid shop are presented. It contains Pb, Se, Re, Al, Si, S, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sr, Cd, I, Hg, Ni, Br, Bi, As, Sb, Ag, Cr, Mg, Mo, Ti, Mn, and organic compounds (presumably, aliphatic acids). The content of some elements is several tens of percent, others – hundredths of a percent. Interest for the recovery is Se (4.6–32.3 5 wt. %), and furthermore are Re (0.14 wt. %), I (0.33 wt. % Hg (0.57 wt. %). Slime-forming element is lead in the form of its sulfate. Into the size class -0.4 + 0 the following are recovered Pb – 47.84 %, Se – 47.45 %, Re 55.31 %. The content of the elements in classes of different sizes is almost identical: Pb (56.7-58.1 wt. %), Se (4.00-4.51 wt. %), Re (0.10-0.16 wt. %.). Selenium in the slime is in the forms of the elemental – of three modifications, lead selenate and a substance containing the selenite anion. With the slime disposed to sewage treatment plants, 30-40 % of selenium, produced from copper electrolyte slime in Balkhash, is lost. Following facts are a strong argument for involving these slimes into the sphere of selenium production. They are the high content of selenium in slime of sulfuric acid shop, in perspective taken out as an independent product when introducing the technology of rhenium extraction from washing solutions, the presence of selenium production at the plant and the predicted selenium deficit in the world due to introduction of new technologies. |
Key words | selenium, sulfuric acid shop slime, copper plant, qualitative, quantitative, granulometric, substantial composition |
References |
1 Naumov A.V. Sostoyanie i perspektivy mirovogo rynka selena (State and prospects of the world selenium market). Tsvetnaya metallurgiya=Non-ferrous metallurgy. 2007. 5, 12–20 (in Russ). 2 Kul´chitskij N.A. Naumov A.V. Sovremennoe sostoyanie rynkov selena i soedinenij na ego osnove (The current state of the markets for selenium and compounds based on it) Tsvetnaya metallurgiya. Izvestiya vuzov = Non-ferrous metallurgy. Proceedings of high schools. 2015. 3, 43-47. DOI: 10.17073/0021-3438-2015-3-40-48. (in Russ). 8 Zelikman A. N., Korshunov B. G. Metallurgiya redkikh metallov (Metallurgy of rare metals). Moscow: Metallurgy. 1991. 431. (in Russ). 13 Yasin Kilic, Guldem Kartal, Servet Timur. An investigation of copper and selenium recovery from copper anode slimes. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 2013. 124. 75-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2013.04.006. (in Eng.). 14 Fu-yuan Zhang, Ya-jie Zheng, Guo-min Peng Selection of reductants for extracting selenium and tellurium from degoldized solution of copper anode slimes. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2017. 27. 917 – 924. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(17)60108-0 (in Eng.). 15 Dian-kun Lu, Yong-feng Chang, Hong-ying Yang, Feng Xie Sequential removal of selenium and tellurium from copper anode slime with high nickel content. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2015. 25. 1307-1314. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63729-3 (in Eng.). 16 Mel´nikov Yu.T., Kravtsova E.D., Krinitsyn D.O. Gidrometallurgicheskie tekhnologii pererabotki shlamov elektrorafinirovaniya medi i nikelya (Hydrometallurgical technologies for processing slurries of copper and nickel electrorefining).Tsvetnyye metally = Non-ferrous metals. 2017. 5, 44-48. DOI: 10.17580/tsm.2017.05.06 (in Russ.). 19 Areshina N.S., Kasikov A.G., Malts I.E., Kuznetsov V.Ya. Utilizatsiya nekonditsionnykh sernokislykh rastvorov i pulp gazoochistki kombinata «Severonikel» OAO «Kolskaya GMK» (Utilization of substandard sulfuric acid solutions and gas cleaning pulp of the «Severonickel» Combine, OJSC Kolas MMC). Izvestiya vuzov. Tsvetnaya metallurgiya= Proceedings of high schools. Non-ferrous metallurgy. 2008. 8, 32–38. (in Russ.). 20 Kasikov A.G., Areshina N.S., Malts I E. Gidrometallurgicheskaya pererabotka otkhodov gazoochistki medno-nikelevogo proizvodstva (Hydrometallurgical processing of gas cleaning waste of copper-nickel production). Tsvetnyye metally – 2010: Mater. 2-oj mezhdunar. Kongr.. Razdel VIII Promyshlennaya i ekologicheskaya bezopasnost. (Non-ferrous metals – 2010: proceedings of 2nd Internation. Congress. Section VIII Industrial and environmental safety). Krasnoyarsk, Russia. 2010. 2 Sept. 721-727. (in Russ.). 21 Kudryavtsev A.A. Khimiya i tekhnologiya selena i tellura (Chemistry and technology of selenium and tellurium). Moscow: Metallurgy. 1968, 339. (in Russ.). 22 Nepenin N.N. Proizvodstvo sulfitnoj tsellyulozy (Production of sulphite pulp).Moscow: Forest industry. 1976, 1. 624. (in Russ.). 24 Zagorodnyaya A.N., Abisheva Z.S., Sadykanova S E., Sharipova A.S. Podgotovka rastvorov ot promyvki metallurgicheskikh gazov mednogo proizvodstva dlya sorbtsionnogo izvlecheniya iz nikh reniya (Preparation of solutions from flushing of metallurgical gases of copper production for the sorption extraction of rhenium from them). 2-aya mezhdunar. Kazakhstansko-Rossiyskoy konf. po khimii i khimicheskoy tekhnologii. posvyashchennoy 40-letiyu KarGU imeni. E. A. Buketova: mater. konf. (2nd Intern. Kazakh-Russian conf. on chemistry and chemical technology, dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the Karaganda State University of E.A. Buketov). Karaganda. Kazakhstan. 2012. I. 138-142. (in Russ.). 25 Abisheva Z.S., Zagorodnyaya A.N., Sharipova A.S., Sadykanova S.E., Sukurov B.M. Kachestvennyj i veshchestvennyj sostavy osadkov. soderzhashchikhsya v rastvorakh ot promyvki metallurgicheskikh gazov mednogo proizvodstva (The qualitative and material composition of the sediments contained in solutions from the washing of metallurgical gases of copper production) 2-aya mezhdunar. Kazakhstansko-Rossiyskoy konf. po khimii i khimicheskoy tekhnologii. posvyashchennoy 40-letiyu KarGU imeni. E. A. Buketova: mater. konf. (2nd Intern. Kazakh-Russian conf. on chemistry and chemical technology, dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the Karaganda State University of E.A. Buketov). Karaganda. Kazakhstan. 2012. I, 30-33. 26 Linnik X.A., Amanzhova L.U., Sharipova A.S., Zagorodnyaya A.N. Balrhash copper-smelting plant sulfuric acid workshop’s slime composition. Kompleksnoye ispolzovaniye mineralnogo syria = Complex use of mineral resources. 2017. 4, 42–48. (in Eng.). 28 Vasil´ev B.T., Otvagina M.I. Proizvodstvo sernoj kisloty (Production of sulfuric acid). Moscow: Chemistry. 1985. 383. (in Russ.) |
Link to this article: Загородняя А.Н. Шлам сернокислотного цеха балхашского медеплавильного завода – альтернативный источник получения селена на предприятии // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 46-55. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.29
Title | SELENIUM EXTRACTION OUT OF METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION MIDDLINGS |
Authors | Kenzhaliyev B.K., Trebukhov S.A., Volodin V.N., Trebukhov A.A., Tuleutay F.H. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore benefication, The laboratory of vacuum processes. Kenzhaliyev Bagdaulet Kenzhaliyvich – Doctor of technical sciences on specialty, professor.General director – Chairman of the Board of «IMB» JSC. ORCID: 0000-0003-1474-8354. E.mail: bagdaulet_k@mail.ru Trebukhov Sergei Anatolevich – Candidate of Technical Sciences. Deputy general director of IMB JSC. ORCID: 0000-0001-9708-0307. E.mail: vohubert@mail.ru Volodin Valery Nikolaevich – Candidate of Technical Sciences. Deputy general director of IMB JSC. ORCID: 0000-0003-0116-1423. E.mail: volodinv_n@mail.ru Trebukhov Alexey Anatolevich – Leading engineer. ORCID: 0000-0001-6199-5150. E.mail: yexala88@mail.ru Tuleutay Farkhad Khanafijaly – инженер. ORCID: 0000-0003-0802-283. E.mail: farkhat_kaldybek@mail.ru |
Abstract | A short review of well known and currently used in production sector methods of selenium-containing slurries processing of copper and nickel productions are provided in this paper. The process flow scheme of copper anode slime processing at the Balkhash copper-smelting plant of Kazakhmys Smelting LLP is provided. The copper anode slime obtained after copper electrolysis is processed in the Kaldo furnace at the refining section of the precious metal shop where the metal roasting, smelting and converting are combined. The main product of the Kaldo furnace is the Dore alloy to refine gold and silver. Raw selenium containing ~ 80% of the main component, copper telluride and bag filter fines containing precious metals except for selenium are obtained as a by-product. While Kaldo furnace operation, the exhaust service gases pass through the gas trapping and treatment system. The current gas treatment system consists of three in series connected devices, such as a gas scrubber cooler (a quenching tower or a cooling tower), a Venturi scrubber and a cyclone separator. When gas trapping process the fines is deposited, selenium dioxide and arsenic trioxide are dissolved, and some metal chlorides are absorbed in the circulation solution. The 15 m3 of pulp with 40-50 g/dm3 of solid substance, and 20-50 g/dm3 of selenium in the solution, 2-5 g/dm3 of chlorine, the pH value is from 0 to 1 is formed after all stages of service gases trapping and treatment in the circulation tanks. After the metal hydroxides are deposited, the pulp is going through filter and sent to the selenium sedimentation stage. The precipitate after filtration (Venturi slurry) is a recycled product and is processed in a Kaldo furnace. Selenium precipitation is performed at a 70 °C temperature with sulfur oxide (IV) within 6-10 hours. Selenium obtained under this scheme was segregated in the smelting furnace and then vacuum distillated. As a result of these a brand metal with main component content of more than 99.5 % corresponding to the ST1 brand under GOST 10298-79 intended for export was obtained. |
Key words | selenium, slurry, processing, selenide, extraction, Kaldo furnace, precipitation, vacuum distillation. |
References |
3 Yasin K., Guldem K., Servet T. An investigation of copper and selenium recovery from copper anode slimes. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 2013. 124. 75-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2013.04.006. (in Eng). 5 Analiticheskiy obzor. (Analytical review). Mirovoy i Rossiyskiy rynok selena i tellura 2018. (World and Russian market of selenium and tellurium 2018). 2-e izdaniye MetalResearch. Gruppa analitikov po izucheniyu rynkov syria (2nd edition of MetalResearch. Group of analysts on the study of raw materials markets International Мetallurgical Research Group). January, 2018. 70. (in Russ). 6 Volodin V.N., Trebukhov S.A. Distillyatsionnyye protsessy izvlecheniya i rafinirovaniya selena (Distillation processes of extraction and refining of selenium). Almaty: TengriLtd. 2017. 220. (in Russ). 7 Sattari A., Kavousi M., Alamdari E., Alamdari E., Darvishi D., Alamdari A., Rafsanjani A. Solvent extraction of selenium in hydrochloric acid media by using triisobutyl phosphate/dodecaol mixture. Proceedings of the 24th International Mining Congress of Turkey. IMCET 2015. Antalya, April 2015. 1346-1350. (in Eng). 9 Patent KNR №102086029. Metod izvlecheniya selena iz selensoderzhashchikh materialov (Method of extraction of selenium from selenium-containing materials). Vu D.. Vu Z.. Chzhao T. Published 08.06.2011. Byul. 6. (in Russ). 10 Mardar I.I.. Petrov G.V. Izucheniye protsessov obezmezhivaniya selenistykh mednykh tsementatov v kisloy srede (Study of bleaching processes of selenous copper cements in an acidic environment). Internet-zhurnal Naukovedeniye. 2015. 7. 2. http://naukovedenie.ru/PDF/55TVN215.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 04.08.2018). (in Russ). 14 Mastyugin S.A., Nechvoglod O.V., Chumarev V.M.. Selivanov E.N. Tekhnologiya pererabotki kontsentrata selenida serebra (Technology of processing of silver selenide concentrate). Khim. Tekhnologiya= Chem. Technology. 2013. 11. 688-693. (in Russ). 16 Tseft A.L., Rumyantsev YU.V., Zhiteneva G.M., Kochkin V.P. Ob izvlechenii selena i tellura pri pererabotke mednykh i medno-nikelevykh shlamov (On the extraction of selenium and tellurium during processing of copper and copper-nickel sludge) Proceedings of the Eastern Siberian branch of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. 1960. 25. 52-59. (in Russ). 18 Khrapunov V.Ye., Trebukhov S.A., Marki I.A.. Tuleutay F.Kh., Trebukhov A.A. Izvlecheniye selena iz shlamov sernokislotnogo proizvodstva vakuumnym metodom (Extraction of selenium from slimes of sulfuric acid production by the vacuum method). Kompleksnoe ispol’zovanie mineral’nogo Syr’a=Сomplex use of mineral resources. 2014. 4. 42-48. (in Russ). 19 Dehghanpoor M., Zivdar M., Torabi M. Extraction of copper and gold from anode slime of Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 2016. 116. – 12. 1153-1157. DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/2016/v116n12a9. (in Eng). 20 Wang C., Li S., Wang, H., Fu, J. Selenium minerals and the recovery of selenium from copper refinery anode slimes. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 2016. 116. 6. 593-600. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2016/v116n6a16. (in Eng). 22 GOST 10298-79. Selen tekhnicheskiy. Tekhnicheskiye usloviya. IUS (Selenium technical. Technical specifications). 2004. 4. (in Russ). |
Link to this article: Кенжалиев Б.К., Требухов С.А., Володин В.Н., Требухов А.А., Тулеутай Ф.Х. Извлечение селена из промпродуктов металлургического производства // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 11-16. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.30
Title | INTENSIVE LEACHING OF GOLD FROM GRAVITY CONCENTRATE AT LOW CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM CYANIDE |
Authors | Surimbayev B., Baikonurova A., Bolotova L., (Almaty), Mishra B. (Worcester, USA) |
Author´s information |
Satbayev University, specialty “Metallurgy”. The Branch of the RSE «NC CPMS RK» State scientific-industrial association of industrial ecology “Kazmekhanobr”, laboratory of precious metals. Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan Surimbayev Bauyrzhan – PhD student, Research scientist. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3988-8444. E.mail: surimbaev@gmail.com Satbayev University, specialty “Metallurgy. Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan Baikonurova Aliya – Doctor of Technical Sciences. Professor E.mail: а.baikonurova@yandex.kz The Branch of the RSE «NC CPMS RK» State scientific-industrial association of industrial ecology “Kazmekhanobr”, laboratory of precious metals. Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan Bolotova Lyudmila – Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Head of the laboratory of noble metals. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0828-9817. E.mail: L_bolotova@yahoo.com Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, USA Mishra Brajendra – PhD, Professor. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7897-1817. E.mail: bmishra@wpi.edu |
Abstract | Studies on the intensive leaching of gold gravity concentrate in the drum and conical types at low concentration of sodium cyanide laced with reagent-activator. As a reagent-used organic acid activator with 1.5 and 3.0 kg/t. List the parameters of both devices intensive cyanidation. Tests conducted in comparison with well-known methods of intensive leaching of gold in similar devices with a high concentration of sodium cyanide, in which gold extraction reaches high results. However, there is significant consumption of sodium cyanide, which is an expensive reagent. Similar results can be achieved with a low concentration of sodium cyanide using a reagent-activator, with significant reduction in the consumption of sodium cyanide. It is shown that the use of reagent-activator on the basis of an aliphatic acid significantly intensifies the leaching process. Found that the gold content in the tails of the intensive cyanidation by using reagent-activator on the basis of an aliphatic acids in both vehicles lower than without the use of this reagent. As a result of study of dissolution rate of gold in rolling the unit higher than that of the conical, but for intensive cyanidation gravity concentrates may use both types of machines, drum and conical. |
Key words | intensive leaching, gravity concentration, reagent-activator, leaching, gold. |
References |
1 Zaharov B.A., Meretukov M.A. Zoloto: upornye rudy (Gold: resistant ores). Moscow, Ore & Metals. 2008. 296-300. (In Russ). 3 Laplante A., Staunton W. Pros. 5th Int. Symp.: Hydrometallurgy 2003. Vancouver, Canada, August 24-27. 2003. 1. 65-74. (In Eng). 4 Surimbayev B.N., Baikonurova A.O., Bolotova L.S. Prospects for the development of the process of intensive cyanidation of gold-containing products in the Republic of Kazakhstan. News Natl. Acad. Sci. Repub. Kaz., Ser. Geol. Tech. Sci., 2017. 4, 424. 133-141. (In Eng). 6 Campbell J., Watson B., Gravity Leaching with the ConSep Acacia – Results from AngloGold Union Reefs, Eighth Mill Operators Conference, Townsville, Australia. 2003. 167-175. (In Eng). 13 Surimbayev B., Bolotova L., Baikonurova A., Yesengarayev Ye. Primenenie khimicheskih dobavok pri vyshhelachivanii zolota (Application of chemical additives on leaching gold). Intensifikacija gidrometallurgicheskih processov pererabotki prirodnogo i tehnogennogo syr’ja. Tehnologii i oborudovanie: materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii (Intensification of hydrometallurgical processes of recycling of natural and technogenic raw materials. Technologies and equipment: Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference), St. Petersburg, Russia. 2018. 294-296. (In Russ). 14 LeachWELL. http://www.mineralprocesscontrol.com.au/Product_Detail.php?Product=6. (Date of access 3.05.2018). 15 Patent application of the Republic of Kazakhstan for invention was file from N.2018/0134.1 dated February 28, 2018. Sposob pererabotki zolotosoderzhashhikh gravitatsionnykh kontsentratov (Method for processing gold-containing gravity concentrates). Surimbayev B., Bolotova L., Baikonurova A., Shalgymbayev S. 16 Surimbayev B., Bolotova L., Baikonurova A., Mishra B. Issledovanija po intensivnomu tsianirovaniyu zolota iz gravitatsionnykh kontsentratov (Study on intensive cyanidation of gold from gravity concentrates). Sovremennye problemy kompleksnoj pererabotki trudnoobogatimykh rud i tekhnogennogo syr’ya (Plaksinskie chteniya – 2017): materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoj konferencii. (Modern problems of complex processing complex ores and technogenic raw materials, Plaksin Readings – 2017: Materials of the International Scientific Conference), Krasnoyarsk, Russia. 2017. 273-275. (In Russ). |
Link to this article: Суримбаев Б.Н., Байконурова А.О., Болотова Л.С., Мишра Б. Интенсивное выщелачивание золота из гравитационного концентрата при низкой концентрации цианида натрия // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 65-70. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.31
Title | REDUCTION MELTING OF METAL-CONTAINING INDUSTRIAL WASTES WITHOUT CARBURIZING OF METAL ALLOY |
Authors | Tazhiev E.B., Tleugabulov S.M. (Almaty) Ryzhonkov D.I., (Russia Moscow) Koishina G.M. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Каzakh National Research Technical University after K.I. Satpayev, Mining and metallurgical institute, Metallurgy and mineral processing department Аlmaty, Кazakhstan Tazhiyev Yeleussiz – doctoral student PhD. ORCID: 0000-0003-1955-8584. E-mail: eleusiz_t1990@mail.ru Tleugabulov Suleiman – Dr. tech. Sciences, Acad. NIA RK, Professor. ORCID: 0000-0002-2006-6950. E.mail: suleiman_70@mail.ru National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Моscow, Russia Ryzhonkov Dmitry – Dr. tech. Sciences, Acad. RAS Professor. E.mail: diryzhonkov@mail.ru Kazakh National Research Technical University after K.I. Satpaeva, Mining and metallurgical institute, Metallurgy and mineral processing department Koishina Gulzada – Doctor PhD, lecturer. ORCID: 0000-0003-0592-3843. E.mail: gulzada.koishina@mail.ru |
Abstract | Metallurgical processing of group iron-manganese-chromium-containing raw materials and the production of steel and alloys are the fundamental basis of the industry. At the same time, they represent a significant part of the gas emissions into the atmosphere and solid waste accumulated in dumps. The traditional technology for the production of steel and alloys is based on the use of agglomerated raw materials, as a result of the preparation and processing of which the formation and accumulation of small and metal-containing waste takes place. For today, effective processing of them remains the problem of metallurgical sector. The present work is devoted to solving this problem on the basis of accumulated metal-containing waste of metallurgical and mining enterprises. Experimental studies on the preparation of ore-coal pellets from waste, their metallization and reduction melting in laboratory installations were performed. Based on the analysis of the results of experimental studies, a technology for reducing smelting of metal-containing waste has been developed. It is shown that as a result of the technology implementation, high-quality steels and alloys without carburizing of metal can be obtained, bypassing the stages of production of cast iron and high-carbon alloys. The experimental research method consists in preparation of dispersed metal-containing and carbon-containing industrial wastes of ore-coal mixtures with stoichiometric consumption of coal for recovering recoverable metals, and the obtaining of ore-pellets that are further subjected to metallization and reduction melting. As a result of the implementation of the proposed technology, samples of manganese-containing alloy steels with a carbon content in the range 0,44-0,52%, manganese 3,5-7,2%, and chromium-containing alloy steels with a carbon content in the range 0,42-0,46%, chromium 4,45-9,27% were received. |
Key words | waste, ore, coke, steel, iron, alloy, chromium, manganese, carbon, reduction, melting |
References |
1 Efimenko G.G., Gimmelfarb A.A., Levchenko V.E. Metallurgiya chuguna (Metallurgy of pig-iron). Kiev: Vishcha shkola. 1981, 496. (in Russ.). 3 Kudrin V.A. Metallurgiya stali (Metallurgy of steel). Moscow: Metallurgy. 1981. 287. (in Russ.). 4 Shmele Peter., Bado Khans. Proizvodstvennyye moshchnosti po vyplavke chuguna v mire (Production facilities for the smelting of pig iron in the world). «Metallurgicheskoye proizvodstvo i tekhnologiya metallurgicheskikh protsessov» = «Metallurgical production and technology of metallurgical processes». 2008. 2, 22-28. (in Russ.). 6 Leontyev L.I., Smirnov L.A., Zhuchkov V.I., Dashevskiy V.Ya. Proizvodstvo stali i ferrosplavov v mire (Manufacture of steel and ferroalloys in the world). Elektrometallurgiya = Electrometallurgy. 2008. 2, 2–9. (in Russ.). 8 Leontyev L.I., Sheshukov O.Yu., Nekrasov I.V. Analiz pererabotka i ispolzovaniye tekhnogennykh otkhodov metallurgicheskogo proizvodstva (Analysis of processing and use of technogenic wastes of metallurgical production). Kompleksnoe ispolzovanie mineral’nogo Syr’a = Complex use of mineral resources. 2014. 4, 8 – 25. 10 Smirnov N.A. O vnedrenii innovatsionnoy tekhnologii pryamogo vosstanovleniya zheleza (On the introduction of innovative technology for direct reduction of iron). Elektrometallurgiya = Electrometallurgy. 2011. 4, 46-47. (in Russ.). 12 Gaines H., Joyner K., Peer Günter. Steel times Int. 2008. 32. 7, 17-18. (in Eng.). 13 Khelling M., Veng M., Gellert S. Analiz proizvodstva gubchatogo zheleza s ispolzovaniyem vodoroda (Analysis of the production of sponge iron using hydrogen). Chernyye metally = Ferrous metals. 2018. 3, 6-11. (in Russ.). 14 Tleugabulov S.M., Kiyekbayev E.E., Koyshina G.M., Aldangarov E. Pryamoye vosstanovleniye metallov – vysokotekhnologichnoye proizvodstvo (Direct reduction of metals – high-tech production). Stal = Steel. 2010. 2, 4-8. (in Russ.). |
Link to this article: Тажиев Е.Б., Тлеугабулов С.М., Рыжонков Д.И., Койшина Г.М. Восстановительная плавка металлсодержащих промышленных отходов без науглероживания металлического сплава // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 71-76. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.32
Authors | Tuleutay F.H., Trebukhov S.A., Akhmetova K.Sh., Nitsenko A.V., Burabayeva N.M. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore benefication. The laboratory of vacuum processes. Аlmaty, Кazakhstan. Tuleutay Farkhat Hanafiah-uly – Engineer. ORCID: 0000-0003-0802-283. E.mail: farkhat_kaldybek@mail.ru Trebukhov Sergey Anatol’evich – Candidate in technical sciences, associate professor, Leading Researcher. ORCID: 0000-0001-9708-0307. E.mail: vohubert@mail.ru Akhmetova Kuralai Shevenovna – Candidate in technical sciences, Leading Researcher. ORCID: 0000-0002-5529-2982. E.mail: kuralai-1950@mail.ru Nitsenko Alina Vladimirovna – Candidate in technical sciences, Head of laboratory. ORCID: 0000-0001-6753-0936. E.mail: nitc@inbox.ru Burabaeva Nurila Muratovna – Candidate in technical sciences, Senior Researcher. ORCID: 0000-0003-2183-2239. E.mail: Nuri_eng@mail.ru |
Abstract | The essential technological criteria interfering with the implementation of titano-ferrite concentrate accumulated in the amount of 4.5 thousand tones at the Obukhov deposit were determined by means of certified methods of chemical, fractional, granulometric and mineralogical composition analysis. A poor quality and unacceptable processing of the concentrate by applying the standard method of restoring electric smelting used to produce titanium slag is established to be stipulated by a high chromium trioxide (more than 8 wt.%) content, iron trioxide (over 29 wt.%); silicon dioxide (3.9 wt.%) and inconsistency with the regulated requirements for the mass fraction of titanium dioxide (about 52%). The great number of rutile insoluble in acids to 17 wt.% within the sand fraction and about 27 wt.% within the titano-ferrite fraction eliminates opportunity to involve leucoxenized high chromium concentrate into the processing by means of sulfuric dissolution method used to obtain pigmental titanium dioxide. Besides, an obstacle to process the concentrate is connected with the extreme dissemination and close assemblage of rutile and pseudomorphic varieties of leucoxenized titano-ferrite (arizonite, pseudo-brookite) with metal and nonmetal minerals that predetermine joint concentration of the bulk of titanium, iron, chromium, other accompanying elements and just a little smaller half of the total amount of silicon (44.35 wt.%) in aggregate of mineral flakes with a size of –0.063+0.044 mm. The most preferable conditions of mineral flakes disintegration were selected to ensure an increase in the granulometric composition of the concentrate to 90-95 % of –0.063+0.044 mm class in the process of short-term, for 10-15 minutes, mechanical activation, caused by the rapid destruction of large aggregates of mineral individuals. An exploratory research has shown that, despite the fineness of grinding, the significant leukoxenization of titano-ferrite causes a low, only 47-50 %, degree of dissection of the activated concentrate by the sulfuric acid dissolution method. |
Key words | titano-ferrite concentrate, leucoxene, titanium dioxide, restoring electric smelting, sulfuric acid dissolution. |
References |
2 Kotsar M. L., Lavrikov S. A., Nikonov V. I., Aleksandrov A. V., Akhtonov S. G. High-purity titanium, zirconium, and hafnium in nuclear power.Atomic Energy. 2011. 111. 2. 92-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10512-011-9459-4. (in Eng.) 3 Tyushkevich A. O., Kuzmina M. Yu. Primeneniye titana i ego splavov v pishchevoy promyshlennost i imashinostroyenii (Application of titanium and its alloys in food industry and mechanical engineering). Perspektivy razvitiya tekhnologii pererabotki uglevodorodnykh i mineralnykh resursov: mater. VIII Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiyem (Prospects for the development of technology for processing hydrocarbon and mineral resources: mater. VIII All-Russian scientific-practical conference with international participation). Irkutsk, Russia, 2018. 73-75. (in Russ.). 5 Lebedev V. A. Metallurgiya titana: ucheb. posobiye (Titanium metallurgy). Ekaterinburg: Izdatelstvo UMTsUPI. 2015, 194. (inRuss.). 6 Singh P., Pungotra H., Kalsi N. S. On the characteristics of titanium alloys for the aircraft applications. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2017. 4. 8. 8971-8982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.07.249. (in Eng.) 7 [Electron resource]. URL: http://metalinfo.ru/ru/news/100928. 10 [Electron resource]. URL: http://www.indexbox.ru/news/s-chem-svjazan-rost-sprosa-na-krasiteli-i-pokrytija-v-ssha. 11 Bajbekov M. K., Popov V. D., Cheprasov I. M. Proizvodstvo chetyrekhkhloristogo titana (Production of titanium tetrachloride) Moscow: Metallurgy. 1980, 119. (in Russ.). 13 Khudajbergenov T. E. Titanomagnievoe proizvodstvo. Tekhnologiya pererabotki promproduktov i otkhodov (Titanium-magnesium production. Technology of processing of industrial products and wastes). Almaty: IPF S&K. 1996. 177. (in Russ.). 14 Lipova I. M. Priroda metamiktnykh tsirkonov (Nature of metamictural zircons). Moscow: Atomizdat. 1972. 160. (in Russ.). 15 Ahmad S., Rhamdhani M. A., Pownceby M. I., Bruckard W. J. Selective sulfidising roasting for the removal of chrome spinel impurities from weathered ilmenite ore. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 2016. 146. 29-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2015.11.012. (in Eng.) |
Link to this article: Тулеутай Ф.Х., Требухов С.А., Ниценко А.В., Бурабаева Н.М. Ахметова К.Ш. Проблематичность переработки низкокачественных ильменитовых концентратов. // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 77-86. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.33
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL STUDIES
Title | THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROBABILITY THEORY OF AUTOGENOUS GRINDING ORE |
Authors | Malyshev V.P., Makasheva A.M., Kajkenov D.A, Krasikova Yu.S. (Karaganda) |
Author´s information |
Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev. Malyshev Vitaliy Pavlovich – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the International Academy of Informatization and of the Kazakhstan National Academy of Natural Sciences, Head of Laboratory of entropy-information analysis of Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev. E-mail: eia_hmi@mail.ru Makasheva Astra Mundukovna – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher of Laboratory of entropy-information analysis of Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev, Academician of the International Academy of Informatization. E-mail: eia_hmi@mail.ru Karaganda State University named after academician E. A. Buketov. Kajkenov Daulethan Asanovich – Specialist of testing laboratory of engineering profile “Physico-chemical methods of investigation”, Master of Karaganda State University named after academician E. A. Buketov. E-mail: krg.daykai@mail.ru Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev Krasikova Yulia Sergeevna – Master, Junior Researcher of Laboratory of entropy-information analysis of Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev. E-mail: eia_hmi@mail.ru |
Abstract | The aim is to develop a general theory of autogenous grinding, which takes into account the impact of large pieces as the bodies destroying themselves, as well as grinding and grinded bodies. The most difficult process of mechanical destruction of substance – the process of autogenous grinding ore materials – is considered in the framework of probability theory, developed by authors. This theory includes probabilistic exposure of concentration, steric, activation and frequency factors and the likeness of the kinetics of consecutive irreversible reactions of unlimited order exact solution of the system of differential equations for the rate of destruction and accumulation of each fraction. Created a general mathematical model, which takes into account the impact of large pieces as autodisable, grinded and grinding bodies. Calculations based on the developed mathematical model theoretically substantiate, known from practice, formation of “pieces of critical size” which is not able to serve either as grinding or as grinded bodies and to be withdrawn from the process. Thanks to the “relay” transfer of functions of the grinding bodies from the larger fractions to the forming as a result of their self-destruction and the destruction is formed a more uniform distribution of fractions, characteristic for these mills. Therefore, probabilistic model of autogenous grinding can use to analyze, forecast and manage of the process. |
Key words | probability theory, ore, autogenous grinding, ball mill, autodestruction, math modeling, grinding bodies |
References |
1 Malyshev V.P., Turdukozhaeva (Makasheva) A.M., Kajkenov D.A. Razvitiye teorii izmelcheniya rud na osnove molekulyarnykh podkhodov (Development of the theory of grinding ores based on molecular approaches). Obogashchenie Rud=Ores benefication. 2012. 4, 29-35. (in Russ.). 2 Malyshev V.P., Bekturganov N.S., Makasheva A.M., Zubrina Yu.S. Veroyatnostnaya model’ izmelcheniya materialov kak operator samoorganizatsii i attraktor protsessa (Probabilistic model of process grinding as an operator of self-organization and a process attractor). Tsvetnyye metally=Non-ferrous metals. 2016. 2, 33-38, DOI: 10.17580/tsm.2016.02.05. (in Russ.). 4 Malyshev V.P., Teleshev K.D., Nurmagambetova (Makasheva) A.M. Razrushaemost’ i sokhrannost’ konglomeratov (Destruction and preservation of conglomerates). Almaty: Gylym, 2003, 336. (in Russ.). 7 Rowland C.A. Selection of Rod Mills, Ball Mills, and Regrind Mills. Mineral Processing Plant Design Practice and Control Proceedings. Littleton (USA): SME. 2002, 1, 710-754. (in Eng.). 8 Deniz V. A study on the specific rate of breakage of cement materials in a laboratory ball mill. Cement and Concrete Research. 2003. 3, 439-445. DOI: 10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00976-6 (in Eng.). 13 Chizhik E.F. Barabannoe rudoizmel’chitel’nye mel’nitsy s rezinovoj futerovkoj (Drum Ore Mills with Rubber Lining). Dnepropetrovsk: Novaya ideologiya, 2005. 361. (in Russ.) 15 Gupta V.K., Shivani Sh. Analysis of ball mill grinding operation using mill power specific kinetic parameters. Advanced Powder Technology. 2014. 25. 2. 625-634. DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2013.10.003. (in Eng.). 16 Vorobyev A.E.. Anikin A.V.. Chekushina T.V.. Moldabayeva G.Zh. Sushchestvuyushchaya praktika povysheniya effektivnosti pererabotki zolotosoderzhashchey rudy na ZIF ZAO «Vasilyevskiy rudnik» (The existing practice of increasing the processing efficiency of gold-bearing ore at the ZIF CJSC Vasilievsky Rudnik). Kompleksnoye ispol’zovaniye mineral’nogo syr’ya = Complex use of mineral resources. 2013. 3. 3-8. (in Russ.). |
Link to this article: Малышев В.П., Макашева А.М., Кайкенов Д.А., Красикова Ю.С. Разработка вероятностной теории самоизмельчения руд // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 87-97. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.34
Special edition
MATERIALS SCIENCE
Title | DIMENSIONAL EFFECT IN FORMING THE NIOBIUM ALLOY WITH CADMIUM ULTRADISPERSED PARTICLES WITH LOW TEMPERATURE |
Authors | Volodin V. N., Tuleushev Yu. Zh., Nitsenko A. V., Burabayeva N. M. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore benefication. The laboratory of vacuum processes Volodin Valerij Nikolaevich – Doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, professor, doctor of technical sciences on specialty, professor. Сhief scientific employee. ORCID: 0000-0003-0116-1423. E.mail: Volodinv_n@mail.ru The Institute of Nuclear Physics. Laboratory of ion-plasma technology Tuleushev Yurij Zhiankhanovich – Candidate of Technical Sciences.Leading Researcher. ORCID: 0000-0002-6555-3891. E.mail: Yuriy.tuleushev@inp.kz Institute of Metallurgy and Ore benefication. The laboratory of vacuum processes Nitsenko Alina Vladimirovna – Candidate of Technical Sciences. Head of of the laboratory of vacuum processes. ORCID: 0000-0001-6753-0936. E.mail: nitc@inbox.ru Burabaeva Nurila Muratovna – Candidate of Technical Sciences. Senior Researcher. ORCID: 0000-0003-2183-2239. E.mail: Nuri_eng@mail.ru |
Abstract | Previous studies have established a significant – a few hundred degrees lowering the melting point of metals with a decrease in particle size. Such a phenomenon is explained by the effect of thermofluctuation melting, in which the ultradisperse particle is in a quasi-liquid state, with an increase in the size of which up to some critical crystallization occurs. With the co-existence and contact of two unlike metal particles in a quasi-liquid state, they can coalesce to form a solution at a low temperature. Similar studies for the niobium-cadmium system are currently lacking. For the formation of alloys at low temperature (50-100 oC), it is necessary to determine the critical dimensions of niobium and cadmium capable of forming an alloy under these conditions. The method of formation of samples of alloy coatings consisted in ion-plasma sputtering of niobium and cadmium and their co-precipitation on non-heated substrates moving relative to the plasma streams in the form of sublayers of a certain thickness of each of the metals at low pressure and successively decreasing the sizes of the sublayer particles, in the preparation of an alloy-solid cadmium solution in niobium, the critical size of niobium clusters is 2.12-2.15 nm, cadmium is 3.12-3.19 nm. The coefficients in the hyperbolic dependence of the melting point decrease on the crystallite size, equal to 5.02 • 10-6 for niobium, and 6.89 • 10-7 K • m for cadmium are determined. Dependences of the decrease in the melting temperature ( ) are as follows: for niobium , for cadmium , where r – is the radius of a small particle, m. The estimated value of the surface tension at the crystal-melt boundary for temperatures 50-100 оС was for niobium – 2.33-2.38 J / m2, for cadmium 0.28-0.34 J / m2. |
Key words | ultrafine particle, niobium, cadmium, melting, crystallization, quasi-liquid state, thermofluctuation melting, solid solution, alloy. |
References |
1 Qingshan Fu, Yongqiang Xue, Zixiang Cui. Size – and shape – dependent surface thermodynamic properties of nanocrystals. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 2018. 116. 79-85. Doi:org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2018.01.018. (in Eng.). 10 Tuleushev Yu.Zh., Volodin V.N., Zhakanbaev E.A., Alimzhan B. Struktura i fazovyj sostav napylennykh plenok sistemy tantal-uglerod (Structure and Phase Composition of Sputtered Films of the Tantalum-Carbon System). Fizika metallov i metallovedenie = The Physics of Metals and Metallography. 2016. 117. 8. 817-822. DOI: 10.7868/S0015323013020137. (in Russ.). 11 Roduner Eh. Razmernye ehffekty v nanomaterialakh (Dimensional effects in nanomaterials). Moskow: Tekhnosfera, 2010. 350. (in Russ.). |
Link to this article: Володин В.Н., Тулеушев Ю.Ж., Ниценко А.В., Бурабаева Н.М. Размерный эффект при формировании сплава ниобия с кадмием ультрадисперсными частицами при низкой температуре. // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 98-104. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.35
Title | THE EFFECT OF CARBON NANOTUBES ON THE CURING PROCESS AND THE STRENGTH OF EPOXY RESIN |
Authors | Ermakhanova A.M., Ismailov M.B. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
“National Centre for space research and technology” JSC, Almaty, Kazakhstan “Kazakh National Research Technical University after K. I. Satpayev”, Almaty, Kazakhstan Yermakhanova Azira – master of degree, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2145-5122. E.mail: a.yermakhanova@mail.ru Ismailov Marat – Director of the Department of Space Materials Science and Instrumentation at JSC “National Center for Space Research and Technology”. E.mail: m.ismailov@spacers.kz |
Abstract | The influence of carbon nanotubes of “Taunit-M” of various modifications (carboxylated, carboxyl-hydroxylated, amidated) on the viscosity of the liquid state, gelation, and the strength of the cured epoxy resin “Inject-T” was investigated. For the first time it was found that the introduction of carbon nanotube in epoxy resin at 25 °C increases the viscosity by 4-55 %, at 50 °C it increases by 5-52 %, at 70 °C – by 6 %. The most discernable effect on the viscosity of epoxy resin is obtained for amidated carbon nanotubes. Gel time at 150 °C epoxy resin was 6.3 minutes, with the introduction of carbon nanotube increased to 11.3-13 minutes. Increasing pot life is very important for the technology of using epoxy resin. The first 3 minutes of gelation of the epoxy resin were studied, while the energy loss modulus of the epoxy resin gel without carbon nanotubes monotonically increases over time from 0 to 0.05 MPa, with the introduction of carbon nanotube into the epoxy resin, the loss modulus increases within the first 1-2 minutes from the start of the gel time to the values of 0.14-0.38 MPa (depending on the modification of carbon nanotube), then falls sharply. This means that after the gel time the carbon nanotubes substantially accelerate the process of solidification of the epoxy resin. The strength of the cured epoxy resin was 172 MPa, the introduction of carbon nanotubes increased the strength to 210 MPa. Thus, the introduction of carbon nanotube in epoxy resin slightly increases its viscosity in the liquid state, substantially prolongs the gelation time, accelerates hardening from the moment of gelling, increases the strength of the cured epoxy resin. |
Key words | epoxide resin, carbon nanotubes, modification, geltime, strengthening |
References |
6 Temirgalieva T.S., Nazhipkyzy M., Nurgain A, Rahmetullina A, Dinistanova B., Mansurov Z.A. Sintez mnogostennyh uglerodnyh nanotrubok metodom CVD i ikh funktsionalizatsyja (Synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by CVD and their functionalization). Novosti natsionalnoy akademii nauki Respubliki Kazahstan=News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Almaty. 2017. 2. 422. 44-50 (in Russ.). 9 Epoxy chemistry [Electron.resource]. – URL: http://epoxy-it.com/ss/epoxy-chemistry/ (accessed date 15.03.2018). (in Russ.). 10 Dynamic mechanical analysis [Electron.resource]. – URL: https://www.netzsch-thermal-analysis.com/ru/produkty-reshenija/dinamicheskii-mekhanicheskii-termicheskii-analiz/dma-242-e-artemis/ (accessed date 15.03.2018). (in Eng). 13 ТУ 2257-Инжект-18826195-12. [Electron.resource]. – URL: URL:http://www.epital. ru/infu/t.html (accessed date 15.06.2018). (in Russ.). 15 GOST-25271-93 [Electron.resource]. – URL: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/gost-25271-93 (accessed date 15.03.2018). (in Russ.). 16 Adhesive application guide. [Electron.resource]. – URL: http://www.epotek.com/ site/files/brochures/pdfs/adhesive_application_guide.pdf /(accessed date 15.03.2018). (in Eng.). |
Link to this article: Ермаханова А. М., Исмаилов М. Б. Влияние углеродных нанотрубок на процесс отверждения и прочность эпоксидной смолы. // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 105-114. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.36
Title | INFLUENCE OF WOLFRAM CARBIDE ON STRUCTURE AND PHASE COMPOSITION OF FLOATING ALLOY PG-J40 |
Authors | Il’maliev Zh. B., Aubakirov M.T., Mironov V.G., Shilov G.T. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore benefication. Almaty Il’maliev Zhanserik Bakhytovich – leading researcher, PhD. ORCID: 0000-0002-0979-0665. E.mail: Jans2009@mail.ru. Aubakirov Marat Tleubaevich – Candidate of technical science. senior researcher. E.mail: marat.aubakirov@gmail.com LLP «KBTU SPLAV», Almaty Mironov Vladimir Grigorevich – Candidate of technical science. Head of the subproject. ORCID: 0000-0002-7499-2378. E.mail:kbtu-splav@mail.ru Shilov Gennadiy Timofeevich – Engineer technologist. ORCID: 0000-0002-8797-0127. E.mail: shilovgt39@mail.ru |
Abstract | In order to study the influence of tungsten carbide, inserted into the composite filler powder PG-F40, on the structure of layers obtained at geothermal deposition on a steel substrate, their structure and phase composition were studied.It is shown that composite powder mixtures of the Ni-Fe-Cr system with reduced nickel content and additions of Cu, Mn, Si, C, Ti, V and B are promising surfacing materials. They are characterized by high wear resistance, corrosion resistance, crack resistance, lower cost in comparison with traditional structural alloys based on iron.Further increase in wear resistance of such materials can be achieved by the insertion of dispersed carbides, borides, silicides and other materials with high hardness.Composite powders of PG-J40 grade were obtained, in the composition of which VK8 powder was added in an amount of 1% by weight. Themethodofgas-thermal spraying of this powder was used to deposit the layer on a substrate of steel St3. The studies have shown that the fusion of the initial powders is provided at the selected deposition modes, but the concentration fluctuations comparable in size with the initial powders are detected.Particles of tungsten carbide and tungsten metal are exposed to the melt.It is shown that the process of the reaction of the interaction proceeds in two stages, first, tungsten carbide decomposes with the formation of carbide devilray, which is then interacting with the melt forms an intermetallic compound WCrFe.Crystals of this compound are allocated in the form of conglomerates and chains. In other phases, tungsten is practically not present. In the transition zone at the interface with the steel substrate in the solid solution, tungsten is not detected. It manifests itself only in the form of single tungsten-containing precipitates up to 100 nm in size. The obtained data allowed us to conclude that tungsten carbide, due to its high dispersion, can be used for the introduction of tungsten and carbon into the charge. The dispersed crystals of the intermetallic compound WCrFe formed in the deposited layer are characterized by high hardness, which increases its wear resistance. |
Key words | surfacing alloy, armouring, tungsten carbide, conglomeration, coupling zone, steel, elemental analysis. |
References |
4 Lobovikov D.V., Matygullina Ye.V. Polucheniye kompozitsionnykh granulirovannykh materialov v planetarnom granulyatore. (Preparation of composite granular materials in a planetary granulator) Perm. gos. tekhn. un-ta, 2008. – 153 s. (in Russ.). 5 Ryabtsev I.A., Panfilov A.I., Babenets A.A, Ryabtsev I.I., Gordan’ G.N., Babichuk I.L. Struktura i iznosostoykost’ pri abrazivnom iznashivanii naplavlennogo metalla, uprochnennogo karbidami razlichnykh tipov. (Structure and abrasion resistance in abrasive wear of welded metal, hardened by carbides of various types.) Avtomaticheskaya svarka. (Automatic welding). 2015. 5-6 (742). 84-88. (in Russ.). 8 Okovityy V.A, Panteleyenko F.I, Okovityy V.V, Astashinskiy V.M. Polucheniye kompozitsionnogo keramicheskogo materiala dlya gazotermicheskogo napyleniya. (Production of composite ceramic material for gas-thermal spraying). 2017. Belorusskiy natsional’nyy tekhnicheskiy universitet. Minsk. (Belarusian National Technical University. Minsk.). Nauka i tekhnika (Science and Technology). 2016, 3. 181-188. (in Russ.). 9 Volkov V.A. Chulkina A.A, Yel’ki I.A. Zakonomernosti obrazovaniya karbidnykh faz pri mekhanosinteze splava (Fe0.93Cr0.07)75C25 v sravnenii s drugimi karbidoobrazuyushchimi protsessami. (Regularities in the formation of carbide phases during alloy mechanosynthesis (Fe0.93Cr0.07) 75C25 in comparison with other carbide-forming processes). Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye. (Physics of metals and metalscience). 2016. 117.2. 186-195. (in Russ.). 10 Mironov V.G, Shilov G.T, Il’maliyev ZH.B, Omurbekova K.R. Optimizatsiya sostava i sposoba polucheniya novogo naplavochnogo samoflyusuyushchegosya splava na osnove zheleza s vvedeniyem ligatury khrom bor. (Optimization of composition and method of obtaining a new surfacing self-fluxing alloy based on iron with the introduction of chromium boron master alloy). Zhurnal Uprochnayayushchiye tekhnologii i pokrytiya. (Journal of Strengthening Technologies and Coatings). Moskow 2015. (in Russ.). |
Link to this article: Ильмалиев Ж.Б., Аубакиров М.Т., Миронов В.Г., Шилов Г.Т. Влияние карбида вольфрама на структуру и фазовый состав наплавочного сплава ПГ-Ж40. // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 115-120. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.37
Title | OPTIMIZATION OF TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCTION OF CONDENSER AGGLOMERATED TANTALUM POWDER |
Authors | Kokayeva G.A. (Astana), Revutskiy А.V., Abdulina S.A., Adіlkanova M.A. (Ust-Kamenogorsk) |
Author´s information |
S.Seifullin Kazakh agrotechnical university, Technical Faculty, Department “Technological machines and equipment”. Kazakhstan. Кokayeva Gulnara Aitikenovna – Candidate of Technical Sciencescting assistant professor. E.mail: GAKokaeva@mail.ru Ulba Metallurgical Plant JSC Tantalum products. Kazakhstan. Revutskiy Alexander Vladimirovich – Production supervisor at production of condenser powders. E.mail: RevutskiyAV@mail.ru D.Serikbayev East Kazakhstan state technical university, The Faculty of Earth Sciences, Department “Metallurgy of Non-Ferrous and Rare Metals” Abdulina Saule Amangeldyevna – Doctor PhD, Assisstant professor (docent). E.mail: abdulina.saule@mail.ru D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan state technical university, The Faculty of Earth Sciences, Department “Chemistry and concentration of mineral resources Adilkanova Meruyert Adylkankyzy – Doctor PhD. Head of sub-department. E.mail: milka160281@mail.ru |
Abstract | The urgency of the problem specifies the development of modern technology, in particular the production of capacitors, which is impossible without the creation of new materials to improve the parameters of products. The work aim is solving an applied technical problem – the creation of capacitors with improved electrical characteristics. The technological scheme of production of modified condenser powders, the chemical composition and electrical characteristics of the capacitor tantalum powder are investigated. The effect of sintering temperatures (1500-1600 °C) on the physical and electrical characteristics of the capacitor tantalum powder is studied. Main characteristics of the powder are charge, bulk density, particles size according to Fisher, strength of unsintered anode. To obtain products that meet modern requirements, the existing technology for the production of agglomerated powder (AGP) is improved by introducing additional operations, such as compacting the material before loading into the furnace, as well as re-sintering. Several variants of preparation of the primary condenser tantalum powder for thermal treatment at temperatures 1500-1600 °C are studied. The favorable effect of preliminary chemical treatment with solutions of hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids with the addition of hydrogen peroxide of the initial tantalum powders on the increase of the specific charge of the finished AGP was established. To obtain AGP with the optimum properties, it is necessary to use tantalum containers with lids for the dehydration of the primary condenser powder. Obtained with the free filling of the hydride into the box agglomerate of the AGP has a lower bulk density and an average grain size according to Fisher, as well as a greater strength of the unsintered anodes compared to the powder obtained by compaction. Nevertheless, the AGP obtained by compacting the hydride before agglomeration allows obtaining AGP with characteristics meeting all modern requirements. This characteristics are charge in the range of 4000-4500 μC/g, the leakage current is not more than 0.23 nA/μC, the bulk density in the range 3.5-4.0 g/cm3, Fischer particle size in the range of 8-1 micrometer, strength of the unsintered anode more than 30 Н, magnesium content less than 3 ppm. |
Key words | condenser, tantalum powder, agglomeration, dehydrogenation, sintering, ramming, powder flow rate |
References |
2 Markushkin Yu.E., Azarov V.D., Nebera A.L. Tantalovyye poroshki dlya ehlektroliticheskikh kondensatorov (Tantalum powders for electrolytic capacitors). Tsvetnye metally = Nonferrous metals. 2005. 7, 89-90. (in Russ.) 3 Anderson K. Die Bedentung des Tantals in der Kondensatorindustrie. Erzmetal. 1995. 48, 430-434. (in Germ.) 5 Jones A. The tantalum and niobium markets: trends in supply, demand and applications. Internation. Symp.on Tantalum and Niobium: proceedings of the symp. Orlando, USA. 1988. 19-41. (in Eng.) 9 Kim Y., Lee D., Hwang J., Ryu HJ., Hong SH. Fabrication and characterization of powder metallurgy tantalum components prepared by high compaction pressure technique. Materials characterization. 2016, 114, 225-233. DOI:10.1016/j.matchar.2016.03.005. (in Eng.) 10 Kim Y., Kim E.P., Noh J.W., Lee S.H., Kwon Y.S., Oh I.S. Fabrication and mechanical properties of powder metallurgy tantalum prepared by hot isostatic pressing. International journal of refractory metals & hard materials. 2015. 48, 211-216. DOI:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2014.09.012. (in Eng.) 11 Efe M., Kim H.J., Chandrasekar S., Trumble K.P. The chemical state and control of oxygen in powder metallurgy tantalum. Materials science and engineering a-structural materials properties microstructure and processing. 2012. 544, 1-9. DOI:10.1016/j.msea.2012.01.100. (in Eng.) 13 Zelikman A.N., Korshunov B.G. Metallurgiya redkikh metallov (Metallurgy of Rare Metals). Moscow: Metallurgy. 1991. 430. (in Russ.) 14 Songina O.A. Redkiye Metally (Rare Metals). Moscow: Literature on ferrous & non-ferrous metallurgy. 1955. 384. (in Russ.) |
Link to this article: Кокаева Г. А., Ревуцкий А. В., Абдулина С. А., Адилканова М. А. Оптимизация технологии производстваконденсаторного агломерированного порошка тантала // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 121-129. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.38
Title | THE INFLUENCE OF SOLID SOLUTIONS COMPOUND ON THE HYDROGEN PERMEABLE MEMBRANES CHARACTERISTICS FROM NIOBIUM AND TANTALUM APPLIED ABOVE FILMS |
Authors | Panichkin A.V., Mamaeva A.A., Derbisalin A.M., Kenzhegulov A.K., Imbarova A.T. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of metallurgy and ore benefication, laboratory of “Metallurgical Sciences” Panichkin Aleksandr Vladimirovich – candidate of Technical Sciences. leading researcher. ORCID: 0000-0002-2403-8949. E.mail: abpanichkin@mail.ru Mamaeva Aksaule Alipovna – candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. head of laboratory. ORCID: 0000-0002-9659-8152. E.mail: ak78@mail.ru Derbisalin Adilbek Muratovich – master degree. junior researcher. aderbissalin@gmail.com Kenzhegulov Aidar Karaulovich – master degree, engineejunior researcher. ORCID: 0000-0001-7001-2654. E.mail: Kazakh_1403@mail.ru Imbarova Akerke Talgatkyzy – master degree, researcher. E.mail: akerke_345@mail.ru |
Abstract | The paper presents the results of hydrogen permeability measuring and membranes dilatation from niobium and tantalum foils of 40 μm thickness, one side covered with a layer of NbMo, NbW and TaMo, TaW solid solution, respectively. The measurements are provided at the argon gas mixture contact with hydrogen of technical purity in 1/5 ratio at 500 kPa under cyclic temperature change conditions with a gradual decrease in its average value from 580-585 °C. NbMo, NbW, TaMo layers sputtering with a ~ 1 μm thickness is established to increase the maximum hydrogen permeability of membranes in comparison with the pure niobium and tantalum membranes. The most significant effect on this parameter is due to doping with tungsten niobium in an amount of 14 wt%. This effect can be explained as the more developed and pure from oxide films surface of deposited by films solid solutions, so the role of doping elements in dissociative absorption. The hydrogen permeability of membranes after reaching the maximum value is reduced. The reduction degree in hydrogen permeability is lower for membranes with a layer of a higher-doped solid solution, which is explained by their higher corrosion resistance. The dilatation and the operation period before the membranes destruction with a layer of solid solution is established to vary significantly in contrast to tantalum and niobium membranes, which is explained by the high influence of gas impurities in the argon composition which is used in magnetron sputtering. This is explained by the affinity of niobium and tantalum with such gases as oxygen and nitrogen, the presence of their small impurities in the films leads to a decrease in the hydrogen permeability of the membrane as a whole. Based on the provided studies, the possibility to use high-doped solid solutions of Nb-30 wt.% W, Nb-40 wt.% Mo and Ta-25 wt.% Mo as materials for depositing barrier layers on the surface of tantalum and niobium membranes for separation them from the palladium catalyst layer was crucially established. |
Key words | composite membrane, niobium, tantalum, solid solution, coating, hydrogen permeability, dilatation |
References |
4 Panichkin AV, Derbisalin A.M., Mamaeva A.A., Dzhumabekov D.M., Imbarova A.T. Vodorodopronitsayemost’ membran na osnove fol’g niobiya i tantala v atmosfere vodoroda tekhnicheskoy chistoty. (Hydrogen permeability of membranes based on niobium and tantalum foils in a hydrogen atmosphere of technical purity). Kompleksnoye ispol’zovaniye mineral’nogo syr’ya=Complex use of mineral resources. 2017 3. 42-47. (in Russ.). 7 Patent na poleznuyu model’ № 129416 RF (Patent for utility model No. 129416 RF) Membrana dlya vydeleniya vodoroda iz gazovykh smesey. (Membrane for the separation of hydrogen from gas mixtures). Livshits AI, Notkin M. Ye., Alimov VN, Busnyuk A. O .; Opubl. 11/09/2012. (published 11/09/2012). (in Russ.). 10 Patent 6,214,090 US. Thermally tolerant multilayer metal membrane. R.C. Dye, R. Snow; published 10.04. 2001. (in Eng). 11 Karthikeyan A., Martindale C., Martin S.W., Preparation and characterization of new proton conducting chalcogenide glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2004. 349. 215-222. (in Eng). 13 Alimov V.N., Busnyuk A.O., Notkin M.E., Peredistov E.Yu., Livshits Substitutional A.I. V-Pd alloys for the membranes permeable to hydrogen: Hydrogen solubility at 150-400 °C. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2014. 39. 19682-19690. (in Eng). 17 Kozhakhmetov S., Sidorov N., Piven V., Sipatov I., Gabis I., Arinov B. Alloys based on Group 5 metals for hydrogen purification membranes. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2015. 645, 1. 36-40. doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.01.242 (in Eng). 18 Erhu Yan, Haoran Huang, Ruonan Min, Ping Zhao, Devesh R., Misra K., Pengru Huang, Fen Xu, Lixian Sun. Effect of Pd overlayer and mixed gases on hydrogen permeation of Pd/Nb30Hf35Co35/Pd composite membranes. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2018. 43,31. 14466-14477. (in Eng). 19 US patent 8,728,199 B2. Hydrogen separation membrane and method for separating hydrogen. Hideto Kurokawa, Takummi Nishii, Yoshinori Shirasaki; Patented 20.05. 2014. (in Eng). 23 Panichkin A.V., Derbissalin A.M., Imbarova A.T., Dzhumabekov D.M., Alibekov Zh.Zh. Improvement of methodology and equipment for determination of hydrogen performance of thin flat metallic membranes. Complex use of mineral resourses. 2017. 2. 46-53. (in Eng). 24 Eswara Prasad N., Wanhill R. J. H. Aerospace Materials and Material Technologies: Aerospace Materials. Springer. 2017. 1. 594. (in Eng). |
Link to this article: Паничкин А.В., Мамаева А.А., Дербисалин А.М., Кенжегулов А.К., Имбарова А.Т. Влияние состава наносимых на поверхность пленок твердых растворов на характеристики водородопроницаемых мембран из ниобия и тантала // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 130-139. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.39
Title | SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTICORROSION EMULSION LATEXES FOR METAL |
Authors | El- Sayed Negim (Almaty, Giza, Egypt), Bekbayeva L., Omurbekova K., (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
School of Chemical Engineering, Kazakh-British Technical University. Kazakhstan. El-Sayed Negim – PhD, Professor. E.mail: Elashmawi5@yahoo.com School of Chemical and Biological Technologies, Satbayev University. Kazakhstan. Bekbayeva Lyazzat – PhD student. E.mail: Lyazzat_b2004@mail.ru Kazakh-British Technical University. Kazakhstan. Omurbekova Kymbat – Master. scientific worker. E.mail: Omur_kymbat@mail.ru |
Abstract | Copolymer emulsion latexes based on styrene: (St), and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate; (2- EHA), were prepared via emulsion polymerization with different compositions ratios (80:20 %, and 50:50 %). The polymerizations were carried out at 80 °C using ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator technique system in presence of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate (DBS) as surfactant. The copolymers lattices were characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR, TGA, and DSC. Copolymer latexes were high solid content and used as binder in anticorrosive coating for metal. The presence of a new absorption peak in the infrared region of C-H stretching and C-H out of plane bending of polystyrene at 3027 and 696 cm-1 and the chemical shift of 1H NMR at 1.5-1.7 ppm due to presence of -CH2- in copolymer shows indicating that the polymerization has taken place. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) illustrated higher thermal stability that obtained by decomposition temperature. These copolymers have a single glass transition temperature indicating that these copolymers can form a homogenous phase. However, with increasing the ratio of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate in the copolymer, glass transition temperature increased. The obtained copolymers showed excellent adhesion properties on the metal. Also, the results showed that copolymer latex has good anti-corrosively, UV light stability, and direct application as metal anti-corrosive. However, increasing the ratio of 2-EHA enhanced anticorrosion properties of the metal. |
Key words | copolymer, emulsion, 2-EHA, anticorrosion |
References |
1 Mark J. Mechanical Properties, Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook 2nd Edition, American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, New York, 1996. 256. (in Eng.). 4 Arindam, A., Rajshekhar, K., Radha, S., Shammi, K.S., Mutthukannan, R., Gahininath, B., Vijayan, M. Corrosion resistant hydrophobic coating using modified conducting polyaniline. High Performance Polymers. 2017. 30(2). 181-191. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954008316687106 (in Eng.). 5 Ke, Z., Xiaoruli, L., Haihua, W., Jingyi, L., Guiqiang, F. Electrochemical and anti-corrosion behaviors of water dispersible graphene/ acrylic modified alkyd resin latex composites coated carbon steel. Applied Polymer. 2017. 134(11). 1-12. (in Eng.). 12 Negim E.S., Mahyuddin R. A., Saber E. M., Bahruddin S., and Muhammad Idiris Saleh. Utilization of hydrophilic copolymers as superplasticizers for cement pastes Part I: Poly[acrylic acid-co-styrene]. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. 2010. 6(2). 99-107. (in Eng.). 16 Ulantay N., Rakhmetullaeva R., Grigory A. M., Gulzhakhan Zh. Yeligbaeva, Aigul A. Amitova, Balgyn T., Erengayf M. S. , Merey E. Nursultanov. Synthesis of water soluble copolymers and their interpolymer complexes with poly(acrylic acid). Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy. 2018. 53(1). 83-87. (in Eng.). 17 Negim E.S., Galiya S. Irmukhametova, Bekbayeva L., Bekbayeva A. , Grigoriy A. M.. The Effect of Poly vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate Crosslinking Agent on Mechanical Properties of Acrylic Primer for Concrete Substrate Application. Oriental Journal of Chemistry. 2018. 34(1). 234-239. (in Eng.). 18 Overney, R.M., Buenviaje, C., Luginbühl, R., Dineli, F. J. Glass and structural transitions measured as polymer surfaces on the nanoscale. Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2000. 59(1-2). 205-225. DOI: 10.1023/A:1010196214867 (in Eng.). 19 Dorozhkin S.V. Formation and development of epitaxial CaSO4. 0.5H2O coatings on the surface of khibiny fluorapatite crystals under conditions simulating production of wet-process phosphoricacid by the semihydrate. J Appl Chem USSR. 1991. 64(9). 1666-1669. (in Eng.). |
Link to this article: El-Sayed, N., Bekbayeva , L., & Omurbekova , K. (2018). SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTICORROSION EMULSION LATEXES FOR METAL. Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. 307(4), 140–148. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.40
INORGANIC MATERIALS FROM MINERALS
Title | COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF KAZAKHSTANI DIATOMACEOUS MINERALS AND SYNTHESIS ON THEIR BASE CALCIUM SILICATES FOR BUILDING PRODUCTION |
Authors | Kuldeyev Ye. I., Bondarenko I.V., Temirova S.S., Tastanov Ye.A., Nurlybayev R.Ye. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
“Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC, Almaty, Kazakhstan, “Kazakh National Research Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev” NJSC,Almaty, Kazakhstan Kuldeyev Erzhan Itemenovich – Candidate of Technical Sciences, associate Professor, academician of the Kazakhstan National Academy of Natural Sciences, deputy General director of “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC. ORCID: 0000-0001-8216-679X. e-mail: kuldeev_erzhan. Bondarenko Igor Vladimirovich – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher of “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation”. ORCID: 0000-0003-2925-3020. e-mail: igor1957@mail.ru Temirova Saniya Samidullayevna– Candidate of Chemical sciences head of scientific and technical projects management department of “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation”.ORCID: 0000-0003-3039-2546. e-mail: stemirova@mail.ru Tastanov Yerbulat Adiyatovich – Doctor of Technical Sciences chief researcher of “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation”. e-mail: tastanov_ea@mail.ru Nurlubayev Ruslan Ergalievich – PhD, Senior Researcher of “Kazakh National Research Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev”. e-mail: rusya_nre@mail.ru |
Abstract | The review covers existing modern technologies and researches on applying diatomaceous minerals as silicate additives to building materials. Specialists of industrially developed countries actively work in this direction and there are some of the works on the stage of implementation now. The article also describes researches of the authors on synthesis of calcium silicate and hydrated forms of ferro-calcium silicates using different kinds of Kazakhstani diatomaceous minerals from Zhalpak deposit (Aktobe region) as main siliceous component. Main topological and physical-and-mechanical characteristics of natural diatomaceous minerals were studied. It was found out that using thermally activated diatomite mixed with a plasticizing agent enlarges strength under compression and raises the brand of building materials while lowering water absorption and specific weight. It was observed that use of thermally activated highly ferriferous diatomite (20-30 % of Fe2O3) increases the strength of building materials dramatically. X-ray phase analysis of the samples of cubes from obtained composites exposed to semi-dry pressing with thermally activated ferrous diatomite followed by steam tempering showed that there were Ca(Fe, Mg)Si2 and FeAl2SiO5(OH)2 in their composition in the amount up to 1 mas. %.The technical characteristics of cubes of composition obtained with the use of thermally activated diatomite, in particular its highly ferriferrous forms, are completely meet requirements of inter-state standards GOST 379–95 to siliceous stones and bricks and sometimes overcome this norms. In future, the technology for obtaining the synthesized materials can become a base to organize new and to improve the existing industries producing dry building mixtures and strong silicate bricks in Kazakhstan. |
Key words | diatomite, calcium silicate, activation, iron compounds, dry building mixtures, silicate bricks |
References |
1 Shuqiang Xuab, Julin Wangab, Qinglin Mac, Xin Zhaod, Tao Zhange. Study on the lightweight hydraulic mortars designed by the use of diatomite as partial replacement of natural hydraulic lime and masonry waste as aggregate. Construction and Building Materials. 2014. 73. 33-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.062 (in Eng.) 2 Flower R.J. Diatom methods. Diatomites: Their Formation, Distribution, and Uses. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science (Second Edition). London: University College London, 2013. 501-506. ISBN-13:978-0444536433 (in Eng.) 3 Bülent Yılmaz, Nezahat Ediz. The use of raw and calcined diatomite in cement production. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2008. 30. 3. 202-211. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2007.08.003 (in Eng.) 4 Zahra Ahmadi, Jamshid Esmaeili, Jamil Kasaei, Robab Hajialioghlia. Properties of sustainable cement mortars containing high volume of raw diatomite. Sustainable Materials and Technologies. 2018. 16. 47-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2018.05.001 (in Eng.) 5 Jianzong Man, Wenyuan Gao, Shuang Yan, Guishan Liu, Hongshun Hao. Preparation of porous brick from diatomite and sugar filter mud at lower temperature. Construction and Building Materials. 2017. 156. 1035-1042. DOI: 10.1016/ j.conbuildmat.2017.09.021 (in Eng.) 6 Pustovgar A. Effektivnost’ primeneniya aktivirovannyh diatomitov v suhih stroitel’nyh smesyah» (Effectiveness activated diatomites use in dry construction mixtures). Stroitel’nye materialy = Building materials. 2006. 10. 62-64. (in Russ.) 8 Nikiforov E.A., Loganina V.I., Davydova O.A., Simonov E.E. Osobennosti strukturoobrazovaniya izvestkovykh kompozitov s primeneniem modificirovannogo diatomita (Features of the structure formation of calcareous composites with modified diatomite) Regional’naya arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo= Regional architecture and building. 2011. 2. 4-8. (in Russ.) 10 Cherkasov V.D., Buzulukov V.I., Emel’yanov A.I., Kiselev E.V., Cherkasov D.V. Aktivnaya mineral’naya dobavka na osnove khimicheski modificirovannogo diatomita (Active mineral supplement based on chemically modified diatomite). Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Stroitel’stvo = News of Higher Schools. Building. 2011. 12. 50 – 55. (in Russ.) 13 Hint J.A. Silikal’cit – novyj stroitel’nyj material. (Silicalcite is a new building material) Tallin: Estonian State Press. 1957. 46. (in Russ.) 14 Obzor ryinka diatomita v SNG (otchet ekspertov OO «IG «Infomayn»). М., 2016. 171. (in Russ.) 15. Biryukova A.A., Tikhonova T.A., Merkibaev E.S., Habas T.A, Pogrebenkov V.M. Sintez kordieritomullitovoj keramiki s zadannym fazovym sostavom na osnove syr’ya Kazakhstana (Synthesis of mullite cordierite ceramics with given phase composition on the basis of Kazakhstani minerals). Kompleksnoe ispolzovanie mineralnogo syr’ya= Complex use of mineral resources. 2016. 2. 88-94. (in Russ.) 16 Bondarenko I.V., Tastanov E.A., Sadyikov N.M-K. Poluchenie innovatsionnogo teploizolyatsionnogo materiala iz shlakov ferrokhroma (Obtaining an innovative thermal insulation material from ferrochrome slags). Ehkologiya i promyishlennost Kazakhstana=Ecology and industry of Kazakhstan. 2018. 1(57). 32-35. (in Russ.) |
Link to this article: Кульдеев Е. И., Бондаренко И. В., Темирова С. С., Тастанов Е. А., Нурлыбаев Р. Е. Состав и свойства диатомитового сырья казахстана и синтез на их основе силикальцитов для получения строительной продукции. // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 140-148. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.41
INDUSTRIAL WASTE UTILIZATION
Title | PROCESSING OF MINERAL PART OF REFINED FERROCHROME SLAGS TO OBTAIN PELLETED POROUS HEAT INSULATOR |
Authors | Bondarenko I. V. , Tastanov Y.A., Sadykov N.M-К., Ismagulova M.S. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Extraction, Almaty, The Kazakh national research technical University after K.I.Satpaev Bondarenko Igor Vladimirovich – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Leading Researcher. ORCID: 0000-0003-2925-3020. E.mail: igor1957@mail.ru Tastanov Yerbolat Adiatovich – Doctor of Technical Sciences. Chiev Researcher. ORCID: 0000-0002-8926-6694. E.mail: tastanov_ea@mail.ru SadykovNurzhan Muchamed-Camalovich – JuniorResearcher. ORCID: 0000-0001-9311-9497. E.mail: namad2003@mail.ru Ismagulova Meruert Shamkenovna – Candidate of Technical Sciences. Associate Professor of the Department of Physics. ORCID: 0000-0003-4802-7547. E.mail: mamameruert@mail.ru |
Abstract | In the wastes of the joint stock Aktobe Ferro-alloy plant, there are over 12 mln ton of refined ferrochrome slags that contain significant amounts of the metal dorebead. Dust-like mineral part of the slagof refined ferrochrome mainly consists of di-calcium silicate contaminated with poisonous compounds of hexatomic chrome. The metal can be separated from the mineral part by air separation and screen sizing, while the mineral part of the slag can be very efficiently mixed with Kazakhstani ferri-ferrous diatomite(opoka) and fluid glass and thermally processed to obtainglass-like heat insulating material. Being heated up to t ≥ 1000оС Di-calcium silicate interacts with finely divided ferrumdioxyde and hydrated silica to formporous glass phase of ferro-silica-calcium compounds that strengthen the heat-processed pellets against any mechanical influence. It was found that the optimum conditions for pellet production are: the ratio of diatomite ore to the mineral part of the RFX slag 2: 1, because at other ratios, the formation of a rolling glass-phase pellet is observed, the processing temperature is 1050 ° C, because at lower temperatures there is practically no formation of a glass phase. The compounds of hexatomic chrome het destroyed at heating and dissolve in the glass mass where they become insoluble. It is shown that the mineral part of RFX slags due to the relatively high content of calcium and silicon oxides is a valuable raw material for the production of granular porous heat-insulating material. The proposed technology makes it possible to extract a high-value metal component of RFX slags in the form of an expensive metal concentrate of refined ferrochromium and to obtain porous pellet fillers for reinforced concrete products. |
Key words | slag, ferrochrome, chrome, glass phase, diatomite, ferritic-calcium flux-bonding, pellets |
References |
1 Ryss M.A. Proizvodstvo ferrosplavov.( Production of ferroalloys) M.: Metallurgiya. 1985. 380. (in Russ.). 2 Respublikanskaya assotsiatsiya gornodobyvayushchikh i gorno-metallurgicheskikh predpriyatiy. ERG budet pererabatyvat lezhalyy shlak Aktyubinskogo zavoda ferrosplavov. (Republican Association of Mining and Mining and Metallurgical Enterprises. ERG will process the slag of Aktyubinsk Ferroalloys Plant) gazeta Kursiv kz.=Newspaper Kursiv kz. 13.11.2014. (in Russ.). 3 Imankulov Zh.I.. Goncharova T.G.. Yakovleva N.A.. Limeshkina E.S.. Almurzayeva S.I. Rezultaty issledovaniy soderzhaniya khroma v atmosfernom vozdukhe. vode. pochve. rasteniyakh Aktyubinskoy oblasti (The results of studies of chromium content in atmospheric air, water, soil, plants of the Aktobe region) // Materialy VI Mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya «Tyazhelyye metallu i radionukleidy v okruzhayushchey srede».( Materials VI International Scientific and Practical Conference “Heavy Metal and Radionuclides in the Environment) T. 1. g. Semey. 2010. (in Russ.). 4 Otchet o rezultatakh issledovaniya lezhalykh shlakov rafinirovannogo ferrokhroma. (Report on the results of the investigation of the slag of slag refined ferrochromium) Energo project industrijaa. d.Beograd Belgrad. Serbiya. 2014. 83. (in Eng.). 6 Kucher A.G.. Novikov N.V.. TadzhibayevN.T. Sovershenstvovaniye silikotermicheskogo protsessa vyplavki nizkouglerodistogo ferrokhroma. (Improvement of the silicothermic process of smelting low-carbon ferrochromium.) Stal=Steel. 1995. 4. 31-33. (in Russ.). 7 Smirnov L.A. Grabeklis A.A.. Demin B.L. Pererabotka shlakov ferrosplavnogo proizvodstva.( Processing of slag ferroalloy production.). Trudy OAO Uralskiy institut metallov. (Proceedings of the Ural Institute of Metals) 2005. «UralInfo» Informatsionnoye agenstvo www.urm.ru. (access date: 17.09.2017). 9 V Aktyubinskoy oblasti vozmozhno snizheniye sebestoimosti stroitelstva za schet stroitelstva tsementnogo zavoda (In Aktyubinsk region, it is possible to reduce the cost of construction through the construction of a cement plant) www.krn.kz (access date: 31.10.2017). 10 Kazennova E.P. Obshchaya tekhnologiya stekla i steklyannykh izdeliy. (General technology of glass and glassware). M.:Stroyizdat. 1989. 144. (in Russ.). 11 Manevich V.E., Subbotin R.K., Nikiforov E.A. Diatomit-kremnesoderzhashchiy material dlya stekolnoy promyshlennosti. (Diatomite-siliceous material for the glass industry). 2012 .35-42. (in Russ.). 12 Shuqiang Xuab. Julin Wangab. Qinglin Mac Xin Zhaod Tao Zhange Study on the lightweight hydraulic mortars designed by the use of diatomite as partial replacement of natural hydraulic lime and masonry waste as aggregate. Construction and Building Materials. 2014. 73. 33-40. (in Eng). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.069 15 Jianzong Man. WenyuanGao. Shuang Yan. Guishan Liu. Hongshun Hao. Preparation of porous brick from diatomite and sugar filter mud at lower temperature. Construction and Building Materials. 2017. 156. 1035–1042. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j. conbuildmat.2017.09.021 (in Eng.). 16 Pustovgar A. Effektivnost primeneniya aktivirovannykh diatomitov v sukhikh stroitelnykh smesyakh. (The effectiveness of the use of activated diatomites in dry building mixtures). Stroitelnyye materialy=Construction Materials. 2006. 52-57. (in Russ.). 17 Kuldeyev E.I. Bondarenko I.V. Orynbekov R.E. Primeneniye aktivirovannogo diatomita v sukhikh stroitelnykh smesyakh. (The use of activated diatomite in dry building mixtures). Vestnik KazNITU (Bulletin of KazNRU). 2018. 5. 404-407. (in Russ.). 18 Bondarenko I.V. Tastanov E.A. Sadykov N.M-K. Polucheniye innovatsionnogo teploizolyatsionnogo materiala iz shlakov ferrokhroma. (Obtaining an innovative thermal insulation material from ferrochrome slags). Ekologiya i promyshlennost Kazakhstana.=Ecology and Industry of Kazakhstan. 2018. 1. 32-35. (in Russ.). 19 Karpenko R.A.. Gromov A.S. Khaydukov V.P. Ferritno-kaltsiyevyy flyusosvyazuyushchiy dlya zhelezorudnykh okatyshey. (Ferritic-calcium flux-bonding for iron ore pellets) LGTU . g. Lipetsk. Site: http://komane.ru. (access date: 06.09.2018). |
Link to this article: Бондаренко И.В., Тастанов Е.А., Садыков Н.М., Исмагулова М.Ш. Переработка минеральной части шлаков рафинированного феррохрома с получением гранулированного пористого теплоизоляционного материала // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 158-165. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.42
Title |
HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSING OF NON-CONCENTRATED MAGANESE- CONTAINING RAW MATERIAL WITH RECEIVING HIGH-QUALITY PRODUCTS |
Authors | Isabayev S. M., Kuzgibekova H. M., Zhinova E. V., Zilina I. M., Zhamukhametova A. T. (Karaganda) |
Author´s information |
Chemical Metallurgical Institute after named Zh. Abishev. Karaganda, Kazakhstan Isabayev Sagyntai Makatovich – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Chemical Metallurgical Institute n.a. Zh. Abishev, ORCID: 0000-0002-0197-8831. E-mail: lab-isabaev@rambler.ru Kuzgibekova Khanat Mukashevna, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor, Leading Researcher of Chemical Metallurgical Institute n.a. Zh. Abishev, ORCID: 0000-0001-9671-2341 E-mail: lab-isabaev@rambler.ru Zhinova Elena Valentinovna, Senior Researcher of Chemical Metallurgical Institute n.a. Zh. Abishev, , ORCID: 0000-0001-7039-9254 E-mail: lab-isabaev@rambler.ru Zhilina Irina Michailovna, Engineer of 1 category of Chemical Metallurgical Institute n.a. Zh. Abishev, E-mail: lab-isabaev@rambler.ru Karaganda state technical University. Karaganda, Kazakhstan Zhamuchametova A.T., graduate student, Karaganda state technical University, the group MEM-17-2. E-mail: lab-isabaev@rambler.ru |
Abstract | The production of ferroalloys occupies a leading position in the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. With the depletion of rich in the content of the initial manganese raw materials, a problem arose that it was necessary to involve technogenic products, i.e. poor sub-standard ores and wastes produced by ferroalloys. From the point of view of environmental protection of regions producing manganese alloys, the current tasks are: the introduction of new efficient dust collection processes; issues of cleaning of waste gases and sludges; neutralization and utilization of waste. The creation of rational technological schemes for the utilization of dispersed materials that contain the target element of the ferroalloy to be melted is an economically viable and environmentally sound measure for increasing the profitability of production. Sulfuric acid leaching is the main operation of most schemes of hydrometallurgical processing of manganese-containing raw materials. Hydrogen peroxide, metallic iron, pyrite concentrate, sulfur dioxide, sulfite-bisulphite solutions used as the reducing agent. The article presents the results of hydrometallurgical processing of manganese dusts produced by the silicomanganese of the Aksu Ferroalloy Plant. To convert the solution of psilomelane (MnOMnO2) – an oxide compound, in which manganese is represented in silicomanganese dust, the presence of a reducing agent in the sulfuric acid solution, which is used as a pyrite concentrate, is necessary. The effect of pyrite on the reduction of manganese dioxide during leaching with sulfuric acid studied by mathematical planning of the experiment by a probabilistic-deterministic method. The determining factors of the leaching process are: temperature, duration of the process, amount of pyrite added, concentration of sulfuric acid. On the basis of significant equations of partial dependence, a mathematical model for the leaching of manganese dust by sulfuric acid in the presence of pyrite is compiled in the form of a generalized equation: Yрасч = 3,7•10-6(0,9399х1+5,1847)(-13,761х22+62,507х2+23,402)(-0,7429х32+14,143х3+23,4)(-00071х42+1,466х4+18,323). On the basis of the obtained equation, the optimal conditions for manganese leaching into a sulfuric acid solution are selected: temperature 700 °C, duration 3 hours, sulfuric acid concentration 5 %, additive of pyritic concentrate 90 % of the dust weight. The degree of manganese extraction was 95.8 %. |
Key words | manganese dusts, sulfuric acid leaching, pyrite concentrate, optimal regime, extraction degree, hydrometallurgical processing, manganese dioxide |
References |
2 Tokayeva Z.M. O sernokislotnom vyshchelachivanii okislennykh margantsevykh rud (About vitriolic leaching of the oxidized manganese ores). Gornyy zhurnal. 2000. 11-12. 92-94 (In Russ.). 3 Telyakov N.M. Vliyaniye spetsifiki sostava zhelezomargantsevykh konkretsiy Tikhogo okeana i Baltiyskogo morya na tekhnologicheskiye pokazateli izvlecheniya tsennykh komponentov (Influence of specifics of composition of the concretions of the Pacific Ocean and the Baltic Sea containing iron and manganese on technological indicators of extraction of valuable components). Tsvetnyye metally=Non-ferrous metals. 2016. 12. 40 – 45 (In Russ.). 4 Skopov S.V. Osobennosti vosstanovitelnogo vyshchelachivaniya margantsevykh rud (Features of recovery leaching of manganese ores). Tsvetnyye metally= Non-ferrous metals .2004. 8. 23-26 (In Russ.). 5 Naguman P.N. Opredeleniye rezhima prokhozhdeniya reaktsii vyshchelachivaniya margantsa (Definition of the mode of passing of reaction of leaching of manganese). Obogashcheniye rud=Оre dressing. 2008. 4. 33-34 (In Russ.). 6 Рatent 2223340 RU. Sposob pererabotki marganetssoderzhashchego syria (Way of processing of the raw materials containing manganese). Malov E.I. Katkov A.L. Sventsitskiy A.T. Opubl. 06.05.2002. (In Russ.). 7 Dzyuba O.I. Kombinirovannaya skhema pererabotki margantsevykh rud pirolyuzit-psilomelanovogo sostava (The combined scheme of processing of manganese ores structure manganous peroxide-psilomelan). Obogashcheniye rud. 2003. 1. 18-22 (In Russ.). 8 Рatent 2171305 RU. Sposob izvlecheniya margantsa (Way of extraction of manganese). Larin V.K.. Litvinenko V.G.. Sazanov N.P. Litvinenko L.G.. Gorbunov V.A. Opubl. 27.07.2001. (In Russ.). 9 Naguman P.N. Ispolzovaniye peroksida vodoroda v kachestve vosstanovitelya pri vyshchelachivanii dioksida margantsa (Use of hydrogen peroxide as reducer at manganese dioxide leaching). Obogashcheniye rud. 2007. 5. 23-26 (In Russ.). 10 Рatent 2280089 RF. Sposob pererabotki marganetssoderzhashchikh materialov (Way of processing of the materials containing manganese). Pavlov A.I. Shishova I.V. Opubl. 23.10.2003. (In Russ.). 11 Naguman P.N. Kineticheskiye osobennosti protsessa vyshchelachivaniya margantsa (Kinetic features of process of leaching of manganese). Obogashcheniye rud. 2007. 4. 26-28 (In Russ.). 12 Рatent 2296174 RU. Rastvor dlya vyshchelachivaniya oksidno-margantsevykh rud (Solution for leaching of oxide-manganese ores). Nevskaya E.Yu.. Gorichev I.G. i dr. Opubl. 04.07.2005. (In Russ.). 13 Рatent 2222624 RU. Sposob pererabotki margantsevykh karbonatnykh rud (Way of processing of manganese carbonate ores). Khismatullin S.G.. Shapovalov V.D. i dr. Opubl. 04.02.2002. (In Russ.). 14 Рatent 2213155 RU. Sposob pererabotki bednykh margantsevykh rud. shlamov i pyli ferrosplavnykh pechey (Way of processing of poor manganese ores, slimes and dust of ferroalloy furnaces). Malov E. I.. Katkov A.L.. Sventsitskiy A.T. Opubl. 03.01.2002. (In Russ.). 15 Рatent 2176679 RU. Sposob izvlecheniya margantsa iz margantsevykh rud (A way of extraction of manganese from manganese ores). Abdrashitov Ya.M.. Dmitriyev Yu.K.. Zakharova N.V. i dr. Opubl. 10.12.2001. (In Russ.). 17 Bekturganov N.S.. Abdykirova G.Zh.. Tanekeyeva M.Sh.. Sukurov B.M.. Ibrayeva G.M.. Abisheva A.E. Issledovaniye vyshchelachivaniya margantsa iz tekhnogennogo syria – shlamov rudy mestorozhdeniya Vostochnyy Kamys (Research of leaching of manganese from technogenic raw materials – field ore slimes East Kamys). Sovremennyye resursosberegayushchiye tekhnologii. Problemy i perspektivy: mater. II-y Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. (Materials of the II International scientific and practical conference “Modern resource-saving technologists. Problems and prospects”) 1 – 5 oktyabrya 2012g. Odessa, 2012. 17-25. (In Russ.). 18 Tanekeyeva M.Sh.. Abdykirova G.Zh.. Tusupbayev N.K.. Kshibekov B.D. Pererabotka marganetssoderzhashchego shlama s primeneniyem vosstanovitelnogo vyshchelachivaniya (Processing of the slime containing manganese with application of recovery leaching). Nauchnyye osnovy i praktika pererabotki rud i tekhnogennogo syria: tr. Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. (Works of the International scientific and practical conference “Scientific Bases and Practice of Processing of Ores and Technogenic Raw Materials”) 18-19 aprelya 2012g. Ekaterinburg: GOU VPO «Uralskiy gosudarstvennyy gornyy universitet», 2012. 128-130. (In Russ.). 19 Tanekeyeva M.Sh.. Abdykirova G.Zh.. Kshibekov B.D.. Nurakhmetova G.B. Issledovaniye gidrometallurgicheskoy pererabotki tekhnogennogo marganetssoderzhashchego syria (Research of hydrometallurgical processing of the technogenic raw materials containing manganese). Fundamentalnyye issledovaniya i prikladnyye razrabotki protsessov utilizatsii tekhnogennykh obrazovaniy: mater. Mezhdun. kongr. (Materials of the International congress “Basic Researches and Applied Developments of Processes of Utilization of Technogenic Educations”) 13-15 iyunya 2012g. Ekaterinburg: IMET UrO RAN, 2012. 57-62. (In Russ.). 20 Tanekeyeva M.Sh.. Abdykirova G.Zh.. Sukurov B.M.. Ibrayeva G.M.. Issledovaniye fiziko-khimicheskikh zakonomernostey pri sernokislotnom vyshchelachivanii margantsa iz tekhnogennogo syria (Research of physical and chemical regularities at vitriolic leaching of manganese from technogenic raw materials). Sovremennyye metody tekhnologicheskoy mineralogii v protsessakh kompleksnoy i glubokoy pererabotki mineralnogo syria: mater. Mezhdun. soveshch. (Materials of the International meeting “Modern methods of technological mineralogy in processes of complex and deep processing of mineral raw materials”) 10-14 sentyabrya 2012g. Petrozavodsk, 2012. 301-303. (In Russ.). 21 Tanekeyeva M.Sh. Issledovaniye khimicheskogo obogashcheniya tekhnogennogo marganetssoderzhashchego syria (Materials of the International meeting “Modern methods of technological mineralogy in processes of complex and deep processing of mineral raw materials”). Kompleksnoye ispol’zovaniye mineralnogo syr’a. 2012. 1. 78-89 (In Russ.). 24 Malyshev V.P. K opredeleniyu oshibki eksperimenta. adekvatnosti i doveritelnogo intervala approksimiruyushchikh funktsiy (To definition of an error of experiment, adequacy and a confidential interval of the approximating functions). Vestnik NAN RK. 2000. 4. 22-30 (In Russ.). |
Link to this article: Исабаев С.М., Кузгибекова Х.М., Жинова Е.В., Жилина И.М., Жамухаметова А.Т. Гидрометаллургическая переработка некондиционного марганецсодержащего сырья с получением высококачественных продуктов. // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 166-172. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.43
Title |
MODERN CONDITION AND PROPOSED SOLUTIONS FOR PROCESSING CHLORIDE WASTE OF TITANIUM-MAGNESIUM PRODUCTION |
Authors | Mamutova A.T., (Ust-Kamenogorsk), Ultarakova A.A., Kuldeev E.I., Esengaziev A.M. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
“Ust-Kamenogorsk Titanium and Magnesium Plant”, management, president of the joint-stock company. Mamutova Asem Tlekovna – Master of KazNITU them. K.I. Satpayev. President of the joint-stock company. «UKTMР». E.mail: ult.alma@mail.ru “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication” (KazNITU named after K.I. Satpayev) Laboratory of Titanium and Rare Refractory Metals Ultarakova Almagul Amirovna – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Acting Head of Laboratory. ORCID: 0000-0001-9428-8508. E.mail: ult.alma@mail.ru Kuldeev Yerzhan Itemenovich – Candidate of Technical Sciences. Deputy Director of JSC. «IMB» E.mail: kuldeev_erzhan@mail.ru Yessengaziyev Azamat Muratovich – Doctoral student PhD KazNITU them. K.I. Satpayev. Junior researcher. ORCID: 0000-0002-4989-4119. E.mail: esengazyev@yandex.kz |
Abstract | The problem of utilization of chloride wastes formed in the production of sponge titanium from ilmenite concentrates in the process of Krol and metallic magnesium by electrolysis from natural carnallite is considered. Technogenic chlorinated wastes represent a significant danger to the environment, polluting soils and natural waters when they are released into the atmosphere, when acidic industrial wastewater is discharged into water bodies, when solid wastes are placed in sludge storages. Chloride wastes of titanium production are effective additives in drilling muds, improving the various structural and mechanical properties of the latter. A method for neutralizing chlorine-containing waste is proposed by transferring it into a water-insoluble, low-toxic form by neutralizing acidic pulps with lime milk. With chloride waste, potassium, magnesium, niobium, tantalum, scandium, manganese, chromium and other valuable metals are lost. In the waste of titanomagnesium production there are also rubidium and cesium, the distribution of which by industrial products and wastes is not sufficiently studied. An overview of ecologically safe, economically viable technologies for the processing of chloride wastes is presented, which showed the possibility of extracting scandium, niobium and rare earth elements and returning to the production of titanium and magnesium. In connection with the depletion of mineral raw materials sources of rare metals, processing of man-made waste is relevant and promising. |
Key words | chloride waste, rare earth elements, carnallite, niobium, potassium, magnesium, chlorination, leaching |
References |
1 Electronic resource:http://www.ereport.ru/articles/commod/titanium.htm, (access date 12.05.2018). (in Eng). 3 Feng Gao, Zuoren Nie, Danpin Yang, Boxue Sun, Yu Liu, Xianzheng Gong, Zhihong Wang. Environmental impacts analysis of titanium sponge production using Kroll process in China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018. 174. 771-779. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.240. (in Eng). 4 Chervonyy I.F., Listopad D.A., Ivashchenko V.I., Sorokina L.V. O fiziko-khimicheskikh zakonomernostyakh obrazovaniya titanovoy gubki (On the physicochemical regularities of titanium sponge formation Nauchnyye trudy «Donetskiy natsionalnyy tekhnicheskiy universitet). – Donetsk. Metallurgiya=Donetsk. Mettalurgy 2008. 10 (141). 37-46. (in Russ). 6 Kudryavskiy Yu.P., Freydlina R.G., Bondarev E.I., Azarov V.A., Polyakov Yu.A. Tekhnologiya lokalnoy neytralizatsii kislykh rastvorov ot gidrorazmyva otkhodov titanovogo proizvodstva (The technology of local neutralization of acidic solutions from the hydro-erosion of waste products of titanium production) Tsvetnyye metally = Non-ferrous metals. 1992. 6, 48-50. (in Russ). 7 Budnik A.G., Karpova L.S. Primeneniye gidrolizovannykh otkhodov khloridov titanovogo proizvodstva dlya ochistki burovykh rastvorov (The use of hydrolysed waste of titanium chloride chlorides for cleaning drilling muds) Sbornik nauchnykh trudov Obezvrezhivaniye i pererabotka otkhodov titano-magniyevogo proizvodstva Zaporozhye. (Collection of scientific papers Neutralization and processing of waste products of titanium-magnesium production Zaporozhye.), 1987. 26-29. (in Russ). 8 Zakabluk A.B., Movsesov E.Ye., Pivovar A.G., Svyadoshch I.YU. Vysokotemperaturnoye obezvrezhivaniye khloridnykh otkhodov titano-magniyevogo proizvodstva (High-temperature detoxification of chloride wastes of titanium-magnesium production) Sbornik nauchnykh trudov Obezvrezhivaniye i pererabotka otkhodov titano-magniyevogo proizvodstva Zaporozh’ye (Collection of scientific papers Deactivation and processing of waste of titanium-magnesium production Zaporozhye), 1987. 13-17. (in Russ). 9 Kudryavsky Yu.P., Volkov V.V. Kontsentrirovaniye skandiya i toriya iz otkhodov proizvodstva tetrakhlorida titana, ikh razdeleniye i ochistka (Concentration of scandium and thorium from wastes of production of titanium tetrachloride, their separation and purification) Sbornik nauchnykh trudov Obezvrezhivaniye i pererabotka otkhodov titano-magniyevogo proizvodstva Zaporozh’ye (Collection of scientific papers Deactivation and processing of waste of titanium-magnesium production Zaporozhye) 1987. 30-37. (in Russ). 10 Pat. 2068392 RF Sposob izvlecheniya skandiya iz otkhodov proizvodstva tetrakhlorida titana (The method for extracting scandium from waste products of titanium tetrachloride) Kudryavskiy Yu.P., Volkov V.V., Yakovenko B.I., Bondarev E.I. opubl. 27.10.1996. (in Russ). 11 Pat. 2068392 of the Russian Federation. Method for extracting scandium from waste products of titanium tetrachloride production. Kudryavsky Yu.P., Volkov VV, Yakovenko BI, Bondarev E.I. publ. 10.27.1996. 13 Khudaybergenov T.E., Shayakhmetov B.M., Zhaksybayev A.N., Nesipbayev R.R., Ekologo-ekonomicheskaya otsenka ispolzovaniya khloridnykh otkhodov proizvodstva na UKTMK (Ecological and economic assessment of the use of chloride waste products at UKTMР JSC). Sbornik nauchnykh trudov KazNIPItsvetmet: Pererabotka poluproduktov i otkhodov khimiko-metallurgicheskikh proizvodstv (Collection of scientific works of KazNIPIsvetmet: Processing of semiproducts and waste products of chemical and metallurgical industries). Almaty, 1994. 17-28. (in Russ). 14 Pat. №25952 RK. Sposob vakuumtermicheskoy pererabotki shlama pechi nepreryvnogo rafinirovaniya magniya (Method of vacuum thermal processing of slurry of a continuous refining furnace for magnesium) Naymanbayev M.A., Pavlov A.V., Ultarakova A.A., Ulasyuk S.M., Onayev M.I.; opubl. ofits. byul. Promyshlennaya sobstvennost MinYust RK. 15.08.2012. 8, 54. (in Russ). 15 Innovatsionnyy patent RK (Innovative patent of the Republic of Kazakhstan) № 19275. Sposob polucheniya iskusstvennogo karnallita (Method for obtaining artificial carnallite) Stepanenko A.S., Alzhanbayeva N.Sh. opubl. 15.04.2008. 4. (in Russ). 16 Ultarakova A.A., Lokhova N.G., Naymanbayev M.A., Baltabekova Zh.A., Alzhanbayeva N.Sh. Razrabotka kompleksnoy tekhnologii pererabotki otkhodov titanomagniyevogo proizvodstva (Development of a comprehensive technology for waste processing of titanium magnesium production). Materialy shestoy mezhd. nauch.- praktich. konf. «GEOTEKhNOLOGIYa-2013: Problemy i puti innovatsionnogo razvitiya gornodobyvayushchey promyshlennosti (Materials of the Sixth Int. scientific-practical. Conf. “GEOTECHNOLOGY-2013: Problems and ways of innovative development of the mining industry.”) Institut gornogo dela im. D.A. Kunayeva. Almaty. 2013. 351-355. (in Russ). 17 Predpatent RK №16460 Sposob pererabotki tverdykh khloridnykh vozgonov titanovogo proizvodstva (Method of processing of solid chloride sublimates of titanium production) Stepanenko A.S., Pavlov A.V., Kenzhaliyev B.K., Abisheva A.E., Cheprasov A.I., Chaykovskiy S.N., Ushakov A.M., Khalelov A.M., Stukach M.A. opubl. 15.11.2005. 11. (in Russ) 18 Innovatsionnyy patent RK № 27912(Innovative patent of the Republic of Kazakhstan) Sposob pererabotki vozgonov titanovykh khloratorov (Method for processing the sublimates of titanium chlorators). Ultarakova A.A., Naymanbayev M.A., Onayev M.I., Ulasyuk S.M., Khalelov A.M., Alzhanbayeva N.Sh. opubl.25.12.2013. 12, 22. (in Russ). 19 Innovatsionnyy patent RK № 22784 (Innovative patent of the Republic of Kazakhstan) Sposob izvlecheniya niobiya iz otkhodov titanovogo proizvodstva (Method for extraction of niobium from waste products of titanium production) Naymanbayev M.A., Pavlov A.V., Onayev M.I., Zhenisov B.Zh., Khalelov A.M. Opubl. 16.08.2010. 8. (in Russ). 20 Ultarakova A.A., Naymanbaev M.A., Onayev M.I., Alzhanbayeva N.Sh. Processing of chloride waste of titanium-magnesium production. XV Balkan Mineral Processing Conress. – Sozopol. Bulgaria. June 12-16. 2013. 1002-1004. (in Eng). 21 Ultarakova A.A.. Naymanbayev M.A.. Onayev M.I.. Alzhanbayeva N.Sh.. Akhmadiyeva N.K. Issledovaniye po polucheniyu obogashchennogo po niobiyu promprodukta po skheme obzhig-spekaniye-vyshchelachivaniye (A study on the preparation of a niobium-enriched industrial product according to the firing-sintering-leaching scheme). Kompleksnoye ispolzovaniye mineralnogo Syria=Complex use of mineral resources. 2014. 3. 46-52. (in Russ). |
Link to this article: Мамутова А.Т., Ультаракова А.А., Кульдеев Е.И., Есенгазиев А.М. Современное состояние и предлагаемые решения проблем переработки хлоридных отходов титано-магниевого производства // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 173-180. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.44
COMMERCIALIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS
Title | TECHNOLOGY COMMERCIALIZATION PROGRAMS PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ISSUES IN KAZAKHSTAN |
Authors | Alibekova G.Zh., Tayauova G.Zh., Ilmaliyev Zh.B. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Economics of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of Kazakhstan Alibekova Gulnaz Zhanatovna – PhD. leading researcher. ORCID: 0000-0003-3498-7926 E.mail: g_alibekova@mail.ru Institute of metallurgy and ore beneficiation Tayauova Gulzhanat Zhubatkanovna – PhD. leading researcher. ORCID: 0000-0001-8061-3955. E.mail: dr.gulzhanat@gmail.com. Ilmaliyev Zhanserik Bakhytovich – PhD. leading researcher. ORCID: 0000-0002-0979-0665. E.mail: Jans2009@mail.ru |
Abstract | Due to lack of resources in the economy, the issue of public subsidies into science and innovation is always acute. The existing scientific literature reflects the results of research on the topic of public subsidies efficiency, both at the national level and at the level of various state programs. In Kazakhstan, this research question has been poorly studied. This research attempts to fulfill this gap. The authors analyze the theory and practice of using indicators to assess the performance of programs of research and developments commercialization. The indicators of technology commercialization programs of Kazakhstan, such as the programs of the International bank of development and reconstruction and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Science Foundation, the National agency of technology development are studied. The analysis of the Norwegian program FORNY in developing their indicators is made. The comparative study shows that evaluation of the commercialization programs performance requires a transition to a permanent and systemic basis. Particular attention should be paid to the development and exploration of indicators of behavior additionality and involvement of local authorities in the assessment of the programs performance at the regional / local level, which will increase their level of involvement in the implementation of these programs. |
Key words | performance evaluation, commercialization program, performance indicators |
References |
4 Wright, M., Clarysse B., Mustar P., Lockett A. Academic entrepreneurship in Europe. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. 2007. 228. (in Eng.). 10 Rasmussen, E. Two models for university technology transfer operation: Patent agency and 2G.International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation. 2006. 5.4. 291–307. DOI: 10.1504/IJTTC.2006.013340 (in Eng.). 12 Melkers, J. Assessing the outcomes of state science and technology organizations. Economic Development Quarterly. 2004. 18.2. 186–201.(in Eng). 14 http://fpip.kz/images/Statistics.pdf (access date: 25.07.2018). (in Russ.). 15 http://science-fund.kz/o-fonde/istoriya-uspexa (access date: 25.07.2018). (in Russ.). 18 http://science-fund.kz/konkursy/2018/ (access date: 25.07.2018). (in Russ.). 19 Godovye otchety AO «Natcional’noe agentstvo po tekhnologicheskomu razvitiyu» za 2013-2017 gody (Annual reports of JSC “National Agency for Technological Development” for 2013-2017). https://natd.gov.kz/agency/reporting/annual-reports/ (access date: 25.07.2018). (in Russ.). 20 https://natd.gov.kz/activity/innovation-grants/ (access date: 25.07.2018). (in Russ.). 21 Godovoj otchet AO «Natcional’noe agentstvo po tekhnologicheskomu razvitiyu» za 2014 god (Annual report of JSC “National Agency for Technological Development” for 2014). https://natd.gov.kz/upload/iblock/3b1/GO_2014_23.06.2015_rev_1_korrektsiya_07.07.2015.pdf (access date: 25.08.2018). (in Russ.). 22 Godovoj otchet AO «Natcional’noe agentstvo po tekhnologicheskomu razvitiyu» za 2017 god. (Annual report of JSC “National Agency for Technological Development” for 2017.). https://natd.gov.kz/upload/iblock/96e/Vypiska-Pravleniya-KHoldinga-po-GO-NATR-za-2017-ot-4.07.2018-_27_18.pdf (access date: 25.08.2018). (in Russ.). 23 Zaklyuchenie Ob itogakh kontrolya ispol’zovaniya aktivov gosudarstva sub’ektami kvazigosudarstvennogo sektora na sootvetstvie zakonodatel’stvu Respubliki Kazakhstan (Conclusion On the results of controlling the use of state assets by quasi-public agencies for compliance with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan) [Electron. resource] 2010.URL: http://nomad.su/?a=4-201008160037 (access date: 25.08.2018) (in Russ.) 24 Zejnolla S. Stimulirovanie malogo innovacionnogo predprinimatel’stva v Respublike Kazakhstan (Stimulation of small innovative entrepreneurship in the Republic of Kazakhstan) Almaty: al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 2008.(in Russ.) |
Link to this article: Алибекова Г.Ж., Таяуова Г.Ж., Ильмалиев Ж.Б. (Алматы) Проблемы оценки эффективности программ коммерциализации научных разработок в казахстане. // Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. – 2018. – №4. – p. 181-191. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.45