PFEFACE
OpenMining
Title | REFUSE DISPOSAL EFFICIENCY INCREASE AT OPEN PIT MINING BY USING CONTAINER TECHNOLOGY |
Authors | Bitimbayev M. Zh. (Almaty), Kuzmin S .L., Tyurbit A. N., Verin S. V.(Rudnyi) |
Author´s information |
PLL «DataInvest», Almaty, Kazakhstan Bitimbayev M. Zh. Dr.Sci.Tech., Professor, Director RGI on RHR “Rudny Industrial Institute”, Mining and Metallurgical Faculty, Department of Metallurgy and Mining, Rudnyi, Kazakhstan Kuzmin S .L., Cand.Tech.Sci., Dean, Head of the Department, e-mail: decan_2008@mail.ru Tyurbit A. N., Senior lecturer of the Department of Engineering and Socio-Humanitarian Disciplines Verin S. V., Senior Lecturer of the Department of Metallurgy and Mining |
Abstract | The paper covers the questions of perfection of technologies for transportation of rock mass on quarries’ dumps. The completed analysis of existing ways of refuse disposal at open pit mining indicates the barest necessity of the development of a new resource- and environment-saving technology. The contradictions in the technologies of open pit miningaccumulated over the last decades are especially aggravated in the conditions of transition to a market economy and the imminent ecological crisis. Transportation of the rock mass in containers without construction of technological communications on quarries offered. The basic element of the container technology for rock mass transportation in the quarry is elevator in the form of a special mobile lifting machine. Container technology makes it possible to increase the characteristics of open pit miningoperations by save of energy resources and environment preserve at a qualitatively new level. Taking into account experience of its development in other industries allows decrease specific power consumption, improving environmental safety and productivity at open pit mining. Reducing the power consumption and the destructive effect of open pit mining on environment takes place due to using optimal mode of transportation at all stages of rock mass haulage, as well as due to the performance of transshipment operations with high productivity without additional excavation of the rock mass. Hereupon, the productivity of works at refuse disposal increases and external dump’s areas lower. A preliminary assessment of the economic indicators of container technology shows its economic advantages over the existing rock mass refuse disposal methods. The simple design characterizes the developed equipment, which makes it possible to manufacture it at a mining enterprise. |
Key words | lifting machine, productivity, efficiency, container, gripper, mining, quarries |
References |
3 Zhuravlev A.G, Tarasov P.I., Yakovlev V.L. Novye spetsializirovannye vidy transporta dlya gornykh rabot (New specialized types of transport for mining works) Ekaterinburg: Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences. 2011. 375. (in Russ.) 5 Fisher A. Special equipment for quarry operations. Zement-Kalk-Gips Int. 2014. 67. 10. 12.(in Eng.) 12 Bitimbayev M.Z, Kuzmin S.L, Maulyanbaev T.I, Osadchy V.I, Oryngozhin E.S. Priminenie kontejnernoj tekhnologii’ dlya otкrytykh gornykh rabot. Monografya. (The use of container technology for open pit mining. Monograph). Almaty: Aleshan, 2015. 96. (in Russ.) 14 Trybeckaya M. Spravochnik. Otkrytye gornye raboty. (Directory. Open pit mining). Moscow: Mining bureau. 1994. 590. (in Russ.) |
Cite this article as: M. Zh. Bitimbayev, S .L. Kuzmin, A. N. Tyurbit, S. V. Verin. (2018). REFUSE DISPOSAL EFFICIENCY INCREASE AT OPEN PIT MINING BY USING CONTAINER TECHNOLOGY. Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. 305(2), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.1
Мinerals beneficiation
Title | ADDITIONAL RECOVERY OF GOLD FROM WASTE AFTER PROCESSING OF GOLD-CONTAINING ORES OF KAZAKHSTAN |
Authors | Erdenova M. B., Kojzhanova A. K., Kamalov E. M., Abdyldayev N. N., Abubakriyev A. T. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, lab. special methods of hydrometallurgy, Almaty, Kazakhstan Erdenova M. B., Master, Associate Researcher, e-mail: erdenova_mariya@mail.ru Kojzhanova A. K., Cand.Tech.Sci., Head of laboratory Kamalov E. M., Senior Researcher, Abdyldayev N. N., Engineer Abubakriyev A. T., Lead Engineer |
Abstract | The one of the important activities of gold mining industry is the involvement of refractory hard-to-enrich gold-containing raw materials into retreatment, as well as the tailings dams, which occupy huge areas and worsen the ecological state of the regions.The studies are aimed at re-extraction of gold out of technogenic raw materials possess not only scientific and practical, but also social and environmental significance. The pre-oxidation procedures are applied in the retreatment of raw materials, one of which is bio-oxidation of gold-containing raw materials method using A.Ferrooxidans bio-leaching solution.This method makes it possible to intensify the process of bio-oxidation extraction of gold from gold-containing raw materials due to the deeper development of sulphides. Therefore, the studies aimed at increasing the efficiency of gold re-extraction out of technogenic raw materials are of current interest. The results of researches regarding the extraction of gold out of stale tailings of gold extraction plant Altyntau Kokshetau using A.Ferrooxidans bio-leaching solution are performed in the article. The chemical, mineral and X-ray phase matter of sample was studied. It has been shown that the sample has a silicate base, represented by quartz, albite-anorthite mixture, muscovite and kaolinite.It has been found that the sample contains 8.49 g / t Au and 2.4 g / t Ag. The different leaching options were carried out: 1) re-grinding is followed by cyanidation; 2) cyanide leaching with preliminary sulfuric acid washing; 3) bio-oxidation using A.Ferrooxidans bacterial solution. It has been shown that the use of preliminary bio-oxidation makes it possible to increase the gold extraction. As a result, it was found that re-extraction of gold out of the stale tailings of sorption by two-stage leaching – bacterial opening of the raw materials, and then cyanidation are the most effective one.The best indicator of gold extraction in solutions as regards the first option resulted in 62.7% of gold, at the second option with the use of sodium chloride and the subsequent cyanidation was 79%, and at the third option of biochemical technology with sodium cyanide was 82.8% of gold. |
Key words | the gold extracting plant, the stale tailings, an oxidation technology, re-extraction of gold, bacterial leaching, cyanidation, hydrometallurgy. |
References |
12 Bocharov V.A., Ignatkina V.A., Jushina T.I., Chanturija E.L. Ratsional’naya pererabotka piritno-piritinovogo prirodnogo i tekhnogennogo kompleksnogo syr’ya tsvetnykh metallov (Rational processing of pyrite-pyrithine natural and technogenic complex raw materials of non-ferrous metals) Gornyj zhurnal =Mountain magazine. 2017. 9, 77–85. DOI:10.17580/gzh 2017.09.04. (in Russ). |
Cite this artice as: M. B. Erdenova, A. K. Kojzhanova, E. M. KamalovShow, Abdyldayev N. N., A. T. Abubakriyev. (2018). ADDITIONAL RECOVERY OF GOLD FROM WASTE AFTER PROCESSING OF GOLD-CONTAINING ORES OF KAZAKHSTAN. Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. 305(2), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.2
Title | THE STUDY THE POSSIBILITY OF USING WASTE FROM WINE-ALCOGOL PRODUCTION OF BY THE SELECTIVE SEPARATION OF COLLECTIVE COPPER-LEAD CONCENTRATE |
Authors | Turysbekov D., Syemushkina L. V., Narbekova S. M., Mukhanova A. A., Kaldybayeva Zh. A. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation, The Laboratory Flotation Reagents and Enrichment, Almaty, Kazakhstan Turysbekov D., Cand.Tech.Sci., Leading Researcher Syemushkina L. V., Cand.Tech.Sci., Leading Researcher Narbekova S. M., Researcher, e-mail: s.narbekova@mail.ru Mukhanova A. A., Researcher Kaldybayeva Zh. A., Junior Researcher |
Abstract | Currently one of the priority objectives in the field of flotation retreatment of complex ores are exploration and the development of effective and selective chemical reagents in order to increase an extraction of valuable components and expenses reduction per output unit. Practical experience of flotation shows that the process diagrams of receiving a collective concentrate of non-ferrous metals with their further selective separation to obtain a lead, copper, zinc concentrate are applied to extract the non-ferrous metals concentrates out of complex ores. The efficiency of selective separation of collective concentrates depends on the range of flotation reagents in many respects. The paper includes the studies of a collective copper-lead concentrate applicability of alcohol waste from «Bacchus» JSC under selective separation. A liquid waste compound was studied for the purpose and sulfite ions content was established that allows replacing sodium sulfite at selective separation of copper and lead by sulfite technology.A complex ore of Artemjevsky deposit was used as an initial matter at the selective flotation separation; the ore contains copper 1.6%, lead 2.6%, zinc, 7.2%, iron 7.8%. The flotation circuit includes a copper-lead cycle with the receiving of a collective copper-lead concentrate and a selection cycle for collective copper-lead concentrate. The waste is used instead of sodium sulfite in the cycle of selection of collective copper-lead concentrate. The liquid waste of alcohol production allows replacing the basic reagent sodium sulfite, at simultaneous keeping of technological parameters of floatation enrichment and contributes expenses reduction for complex raw materials retreatment. |
Key words | alcohol production waste, sodium sulfite, ferrous sulfate, selective flotation, collective concentrate |
References |
1 Pol’kin S. I., Adamov EH. V. Obogashchenie rud cvetnykh metallov (Beneficiation of non-ferrous met-als). Moskow: Nedra. 1983, 400. (in Russ.). 2 Kosherbaev K. T. Tekhnologiya selektivnoj flo-tatsii mineralov iz kollektivnykh sul’fidnykh kontsentra-tov: Trudy KazPTI (Technology of the selection flotation of minerals from collective sulphidic concentrates: Works of the Kazakh polytechnical Institute). vyp.2. Metallurgiya i metallovedenie (release 2, Metallurgy and metallurgical science). Almaty, Kazakhstan, 1975. 114–119. (in Russ.). 3 Bakinov K. G. Issledovanie ustojchivosti sistemy Fe2+-SO2-3, primenyaemyj dlya selektsii sul’fidov (Research of stability of the Fe2+-SO2-3 system, applied to selection of sulfides). Tsvetnye metally = Non-ferrous metals.1974. 7, 93–96 (in Russ.). 5 Kochin V. A., Nabojchenko S. S., Lebed’ A. B., Mal’tsev G.I. Avtoklavno-flotatsionnaya skhema pererabotki Cu–Pb–Zn kontsentratov (Pressure leaching–flotation method processing Cu–Pb–Zn concentrates). Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya (Modern problems of science and education). 2013. 2. [Ehlek-tronnyj resurs] URL: http://www.scienceeducation.ru/108-8940. (in Russ.). |
Cite this artice as: D. K. Turysbekov, L. V Syemushkina, S. M Narbekova, Mukhanova A. A., Zh. A. Kaldybayeva. (2018). THE STUDY THE POSSIBILITY OF USING WASTE FROM WINE-ALCOGOL PRODUCTION OF BY THE SELECTIVE SEPARATION OF COLLECTIVE COPPER-LEAD CONCENTRATE. Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. 305(2), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.3
Metallurgy
Title | CONDITIONS OF NITRIC ACID TREATMENT OF PHOSPHORUS SLAG FOR REMs RECOVERY AND PRODUCTION OF PRECIPITATED SILICON DIOXIDE |
Authors | Akcil A. (Isparta, Turkey), Karshigina Z. B., Bochevskaya Ye. G., Abisheva Z. S. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Suleyman Demirel University, Engineering Faculty, Isparta, Turkey Akcil A., Ph.D., Professor, Professor of Suleyman Demirel University Group Leader, MMR&R Research Group Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, Laboratory of rare scattered elements, Almaty, Kazakhstan Karshigina Z. B., Ph.D., Senior Researcher, e-mail: zaure_karshyga@mail.ru Bochevskaya Ye. G., Ph.D., Associate Professor, Acting head of the laboratory Mining and Metallurgical Institute named after O. Baikonurov of “KazNRTU named after K.I. Satpayev” NJSC, Almaty, Kazakhstan Abisheva Z. S., Dr.Sci.Tech., Professor, Academician of NAS of RK, Director |
Abstract | Phosphorus slag is the most heavy-tonnage waste of yellow phosphorus production, which is stored in the dump fields for many years causing ecological problems in the regions. One of the relevant and priority directions is rare-earth metals (REMs) production, presence of which in the phosphorus slags allows considering the latter as an acceptable raw material source. Phosphorus slags contain about 30–40 wt% of silicon dioxide, therefore they can serve as a source of production of precipitated silicon dioxide highly required in different industries. The purpose of this work is studying the conditions for REMs recovery from phosphorus slag and further processing of silicon-containing cake to improve a quality of the obtained products.The work shows results of researches on the phosphorus slags’ chemical and phase compositions identification, processes of leaching of phosphorus slag and the obtained silicon-containing cake by nitric acid. Instrumental and chemical methods of phosphorus slag content analysis give following data. It consists of 90–92 % of pseudowollastonite α-CaSiO3, and also there are gyrolite Ca4(H2O)4[Si6O15](OH)2, small amounts of serpentine Mg6[Si4O10](OH)8, hydrated calcium aluminosilicate impurities CaO∙2Al2O3∙2SiO2∙H2O, quartz α-SiO2, calcite CaCO3, hematite Fe2O3, iron phosphate FePO4 and metallic iron with manganese impurity. As a result of kinetic studies of leaching process of phosphorus slag, the apparent activation energy for ΣREMs, calcium, aluminum and iron was determined which amounted to 4.31, 8.53, 7.43 and 12.31 kJ/mol, respectively. This, in combination with value of the Pilling-Bedward Criterion CP-B = 1.1 for orthosilicate acid H4SiO4, indicates that the process is characterized by an intradiffusion region. With a decrease in temperature of nitric acid treatment from 90 to 70 °C, purification degree of precipitated silicon dioxide from iron and aluminium impurities increases. Results of the experimental data will serve as a basis for development of the technology for complex processing of production waste of phosphorus industry and for improving quality of obtained products as REMs concentrate and precipitated silicon dioxide. |
Key words | phosphorus slag, rare earth metals, leaching, kinetics, silicon-containing cake, recovery, purification |
References |
2 Jiang X.J., Yun Y.,Hu Z.H.Development of non-autoclaved aerated concrete by alkali activated phosphorus slag. Advanced Materials Research.2011.250–253, 1147–1152.(in Eng.). 3 Sun H., Peng Y.Z., Tang J.F., Li N. Preparation of reactive powder concrete having high volume of phosphorous slag powder and Silica Fume. Advanced Materials Research. 2013. 738, 157–160. (in Eng.). 4 Shi C., Qian J. High performance cementing materials from industrial slags. A review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2000. 29 (3), 195–207. DOI: 10.1016/S0921-3449(99)00060-9. (in Eng.). 11 Abisheva Z.S., Bochevskaya Ye.G., Zagorodnyaya A.N., Shabanova T.A., Karshigina Z.B. Technology of phosphorus slag processing for preparation of precipitated silica. J. Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering. 2013. 47(4), 428–434. DOI: 10.1134/S0040579513040027 (in Eng.). 17 Iler R. K. The chemistry of silica. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1979. 866. (in Eng.). 22Emmanuel N.M., Knorre D.G. Kurs khimicheskoj kinetiki (Сourse of chemical kinetics). Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. 1984.463. (in Russ.). 23 Lazarev A.N. Kolebatel’nye spektry i stroenie silikatov (Fluctuation spectrums and silicate structure). Leningrad: Nauka. 1968. 348. (in Russ.). 24 Kolessova V.A. Sravnitel’noe issledovanie IK-spektrov pogloshheniya shchelochnykh i Na2O soderzhashchikh kal’cij i magnij-silikatnykh stekol (Comparative research of IR spectrums of absorption of alkali-free and Na2O containing calcium and magnesium-silicate glasses). Izv. Acad. nauk USSR. Ser. neorg. Mater. = News of the Academy of Science of the USSR. Ser. Inorganic Materials, 1966. 2(8), 1497–1504. (in Russ.). |
Cite this article as: Ata Akcil, Zaure Baytasovna Karshigina, Yelena G. Bochevskaya, Abisheva Zinesh. (2018). CONDITIONS OF NITRIC ACID TREATMENT OF PHOSPHORUS SLAG FOR REMs RECOVERY AND PRODUCTION OF PRECIPITATED SILICON DIOXIDE. Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. 305(2), 28–38. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.4
Title | THE PROCESS OF LIQUID PHASE REDUCTION OF CALCINE OBTAINED FROM GOLD-CONTAINING MATTES |
Authors | Kozhakhmetov S. M., Kvyatkovskiy S. A., Semenova A. S., Sejsembayev R. S., Omirzakov B. A. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore beneficiation, laboratory of pyrometallurgy of heavy non-ferrous metals, Almaty, Kazakhstan Kozhakhmetov S. M., Dr.Sci.Tech., Academician of NAS RK, Chief Researcher Kvyatkovskiy S. A., Dr.Sci.Tech., Head of the laboratory, e-mail: kvyatkovsiy55@mail.ru Semenova A. S., Leading Engineer Sejsembayev R. S., Engineer Omirzakov B. A., Engineer |
Abstract | The results of researches on the direct restoring of refractory ores of gold and pyrometallurgy enrichment of the collector mattes of gold have been introduced in the article. The tests for gold containing calcine restoring at the temperature range of 1350-1450 ° C were performed in the laboratory. At the results of testing of temperature effect on the degree of gold containing calcine restoring it became known the process of restoring is much overall at the temperatures of 1400-1450 ° C. At this, the yield of a metalized phase is at 13-15% range, and iron content is 71% on the average. The effect of coke consumption on the rate of calcine restoring under the effective temperature of 1400 ° C has been studied. The coke consumption on the calcine restoring rate made by experiment have shown the possibility of regular control of metals content in the metalized alloy by changing its content in the feed stock. The basic parameters of liquid phase gold containing calcine restoring with obtaining copper-ferrous alloy and mattes enriched by gold and silver have been determined. The research results can be applied for the development and creation of the new methods of gold and other metals extraction from a collector sulphide mattes-CPS (contracted pyrometallurgical selection) process consisting of direct melting of ledge ores persistent to opening and gold concentrates. The roasting of collector gold containing sulphide mattes with further separating of gold-copper-iron alloys will enable to create a complete pyrometallurgy technology of processing of refractory ledge gold ores escaping the enrichment processes and cyanidation, with 98-99% of gold extraction. In case of providing a high-scale of precious metals extraction in finale products and the positive technical and economical characteristics of recovery melting the transfer of collector gold contained metal alloys for the copper mattes converting of copper plants is possible. |
Key words | gold, silver, roasting, collector sulphide gold-containing matte, slag, metallized phase, gold-containing ores |
References |
1 Zakharov B.A., Meretukov M.A. Zoloto: upornye rudy. (Gold: resistant ores.) Moscow: Ore and metalls. 2013, 452. (in Russ.). 2 Kozhakhmetov S.M., Bekturganov N.S., Kvyatkovskij S.A. Pirometallurgicheskoe obogashchenie trudnoobogatimykh upornykh rud zolota (Pyrometallurgical enrichment of difficult-to-refractory resistant gold ores). Sovremennye metody tekhnologicheskoj mineralogii v protsessakh kompleksnoj i glubokoj pererabotki mineral’nogo syr’ya: mat. mezhdunar. soveshch. Plaksinskie chteniya-2012. (Modern methods of technological mineralogy in the processes of complex and deep processing of mineral raw materials: proceeding of Internation. the meeting. Plaksin Readings-2012). Petrozavodsk, 2012. 259–261. (in Russ.). 4 Lerman B.D., Omarova N.S. Promyshlennye ispytaniya vosstanovitel’noj ehlektroplavki zolotomysh’yakovykh kontsentratov Akbakajskogo GOKa (Industrial tests for regenerative electric melting of gold arsenic concentrates of Akbakay mining and refining plant). Gornyj zhurnal Kazakhstana = Mining Journal of Kazakhstan. 2008. 3, 33–35. (in Russ.). 5 Zelenov V.I., Shchendrigin A.N. Puti sovershenstvovaniya tekhnologii pererabotki zoloto- i serebrosoderzhashchikh rud: obzorn. inf. (Ways to improve the technology of processing gold and silver-containing ores: overview. inf.) Moscow: VIEMS. 1986, 40. (in Russ.). 6 Marsden J., House I. The chemistry of gold extraction. Ellis Horwood. N. Y. 1993, 597. (in Eng.). 10 Lodejshchikov V.V. Uglerod v zolotosoderzhashchikh rudakh i ego vliyanie na protsess tsianirovaniya (Carbon in gold-bearing ores and its influence on the cyanidation process). Zoloto dobycha = Gold mining.2008. 116, 8–12. (in Russ.). 12 Lodejshchikov V.V. Izvlechenie zolota iz upornykh rud i kontsentratov (Extraction of gold from persistent ores and concentrates). Moscow: Nedra. 1968, 204. (in Russ.). |
Cite this article as: Kozhakhmetov S. M., Kvyatkovskiy S. A., Semenova A. S., Sejsembayev R. S., Omirzakov B. A. (2018). THE PROCESS OF LIQUID PHASE REDUCTION OF CALCINE OBTAINED FROM GOLD-CONTAINING MATTES. Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. 305(2), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.5
Title | COMPREHENSIVE PROCESSING OF CONVERTER SLAG |
Authors | Sit’ko Ye. A., Sukurov B. V., Ruzakhunova G. S., Omirzakov B. A., Bajduisenova A. E. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, laboratory of pyrometallurgical heavy non-ferrous metals, Almaty, Kazakhstan Sit’ko Ye. A., Cand.Tech.Sci., Assistant Professor, Leading Researcher Institute of Metallurgy and Ore beneficiation, Laboratory of physical metallurgy, Almaty, KazakhstanSukurov B. V., Cand.Tech.Sci., Leading Researcher, e-mail: bsukurov@gmail.com Institute of Metallurgy and Ore beneficiation, Laboratory of Physical Methods of Analysis, Almaty, Kazakhstan Ruzakhunova G. S., Cand.Tech.Sci., Leading Researcher Omirzakov B. A., Engineer Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, acting of head chemical-analytical laboratory Bajduisenova A. E., Acting Head of Laboratory |
Abstract | At the present time actually all plants changed over to autogenous melting of copper-containing concentrates use the flotation of converter slags (CS) dropping in tails about 0.55-0.90 % Cu; it is higher than copper content in commercial ore. The most part of iron, zinc, lead, and silicate component of CS is also dropping with flotation tails. The concentrate resulted from converter slag (CCS) contains magnetite and this fact affects negatively on running of smelt-furnace; moreover at magnetic separation of resulted concentrate a certain part of copper is dropping too. Goal of this work is to develop pyrometallurgical technique of CS processing with its complete utilization. The methodology of studies is to implement the crucible melting to select best parameters of reduction melting of burden material based on CCS. The technological solution of two-stage process has been shown: during the first stage at temperatures 1250-1300 оC copper is separated to metallized middling product and slag composition is corrected; the latter at the second stage – at temperatures 1450-1500 оC, it is used for iron reduction with subsequent iron conversion into pig iron. The technique permits utilize completely all slag components. So 95 % of copper moves to metallized alloy, the slag of second stage of reduction contains only 0.02 % Cu, 2-5 % Fe, and 0.2 % of sulfur. Copper-containing alloys go to conversion; lead and zinc pass to fumes. Resulted demetallized slag can use in construction products. Moreover, the hot slag after second stage of degrading can use as excellent flux for conversion; it is particularly true in reprocessing of rich mattes to produce blister copper since this process runs with heavy heat balance. |
Key words | converter slag, reduction, degraded slag, pig iron, copper-containing alloy, high temperature, pyrometallurgy, blister copper |
References |
1 Kupryakov Yu.P. Shlaki medeplavil’nogo proizvodstva i ikh pererabotka (Copper smelting slags and their processing). Moscow: Metallurgy, 1987, 200. (in Russ.) 2 Shmonin Yu.B. Pirometallurgicheskoe obednenie shlakov tsvetnoj metallurgii (Pyrometallurgical depletion of slags of non-ferrous metallurgy). Moscow: Metallurgy, 1981, 131. (in Russ.) 3 Lakernik M.M., Mazarchuk E.N. Pererabotka shlakov tsvetnoj metallurgii (Processing of slags of non-ferrous metallurgy). Moscow: Metallurgy, 1977, 158. (in Russ.) 4 Vanyukov A.V., Zajtsev V.Ya. Shlaki i shtejny tsvetnoj metallurgii (Slags and mattes of non-ferrous metallurgy). Moscow: Metallurgy, 1969, 406. (in Russ.) 5 Sanakulov K.S., Khasanov A.S. Pererabotka shlakov mednogo proizvodstva (Processing of copper slag). Tashkent: FAN, 2007, 256. (in Russ.) 6 Tauzhnyanskaya Z.A. Tekhnologiya izvlecheniya metallov iz shlamov, otval’nykh khvostov obogatitel’nykh fabrik i shlakov metallurgicheskogo proizvodstva za rubezhom (Technology of metals extraction from slimes, tailing piles and slags of metallurgical production abroad). Moscow: Tsvetmetinformatsiya, 1978, 58. (in Russ.) 7 Sheludyakov L.N., Kos’yanov E.A. Kompleksnaya pererabotka shlakov tsvetnoj metallurgii (Complex processing of slags of non-ferrous metallurgy). Alma-Ata: Nauka, 1990, 167. (in Russ.) 9 Selivanov Ye.N., Belyayev V.V., Gulyayeva R.I., Kopylov A.S., Sel’menskikh N.I. Fazovyj sostav produktov i raspredeleniye metallov pri flotatsii konverternykh shlakov Sredneural’skogo medeplavil’nogo zavoda (Phase composition of products and distribution of metals in flotation of converter slags at Middle Uralsk copper-smelting works). Tsvetnyye metally = Non-ferrous metals. 2008. 12, 23-27. (in Russ.) 11 Urosevic D.M., Dimitrijevic M.D., Jankovic Z.D., Antic D.V. Recovery of copper from cooper slag and copper slag flotation tailings by oxidative leaching. Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process. 2015.51. 1.P.73−82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5277/ppmp150107. (in Eng.) 12 Dimitrijevic M.D., Urosevic D.M., Jankovic Z.D., Milic S.M. Recovery of copper from smelting slag by sulphation roasting and water leaching. Probl. Miner. Process. 2016. 52. 1. 409–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.5277/ppmp160134. (in Eng.) 18 Kozhakhmetov S.M., Kvyatkovskiy A.N., Sit’ko Ye.A.Rol’ okisi kal’tsiya v ravnovesnom raspredelenii medi v sisteme med’-shlak-kislorod (The role of calcium oxide in the equilibrium distribution of copper in the copper-slag-oxygen system).Vestnik AN KazSSR = The Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the KazSSR. 1977. 12, 46–52. (in Russ.) 21 Roine A. Outokumpu HSE chemistry for windows. Chemical reactions and equilibrium software with extensive thermochemical database. Pori: Outokumpu research 04. 2002. Chemistry 5. (in Eng.) |
Cite this article as: Sit’ko Ye. A., Sukurov B. V., Ruzakhunova G. S., Omirzakov B. A., Bajduisenova A. E. (2018). COMPREHENSIVE PROCESSING OF CONVERTER SLAG. Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. 305(2), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.6
Title | DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM PARAMETERS OF MELTING AND CONVERTING OF IRON-CONTAINING MELT WITH THE PRODUCTION OF VANADIUM-CONTAINING SLAG |
Authors | Ultarakova A. A., Onayev M. I., Kasymzhanov K. K., Esengaziyev A. M. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, Laboratory of Titanium and Rare Refractory Metals, Almaty, Kazakhstan Ultarakova A. A., Cand.Tech.Sci., Acting Head of Laboratory, e-mail:ult.alma@mail.ru Onayev M. I., Cand.Tech.Sci., Аssistant professor, Leading Researcher Kasymzhanov K. K., Lead Engineer Esengaziyev A. M., Doctoral student PhD, Lead Engineer |
Abstract | The development of a comprehensive technology for processing titanomagnetite concentrate at the Masalsky field will enable the production of an iron-containing alloy and a vanadium product.The processing of the titanomagnetite concentrate of the Masalsky deposit includes rework firing, magnetic separation of the cinder, the melting of a large phase of the reduced metal and the magnetic fraction of the cinder, and further conversion of the cast iron to produce vanadium-containing slag and iron-containing alloy. In this paper, the main direction was to determine the optimal melting parameters and convert the iron-containing melt to produce a vanadium-containing slag. Melting of the magnetic fraction and class +0.1 mm of cinder after reduction firing was carried out at temperatures of 1400, 1450 and 1500 °C. It was found that the optimum melting temperature of the class +0.1 mm and the magnetic fraction of the cinder is 1450 ° C for 20 min. Chemical, mineralogical and electron probe analysis of the obtained alloys showed that after melting the phases become more homogeneous, structured and magnetic. The composition of the glandular matrix consists of 88-90 % of reduced iron and manganese inclusions of about 7%. The aggregative structure of the matrix is due to the presence of rounded, oval separations with a cementing mass, detected at relatively high magnifications. Vanadium in all samples is concentrated in the interstices between the rounded ferruginous segregations. Carbon together with iron is in large inclusions. Composition of the obtained cast iron, wt. %: 88.3-90.2 Feсоmm; 0.286-0.354 V; 0.012-0.236 Ti; 3.54-4.06 C. The cast iron was converted into a laboratory unit consisting of a Kejia chamber furnace, an air flow meter, an air supply pump 2FY-1B. The parameters of the conversion of cast iron were determined: a temperature interval of 1200-1450 °C, a duration of 110 minutes with an air supply of 5-10 liters / min. Vanadium-containing slags of the following composition, wt. %: 13.8-16.05 V2O5; 35.9-42.8 Fecomm; 3.5-11.17 TiO2; 3.78-17.66 SiO2; 1.6-2.9 Cr; 5.95-9.5 Mn. The composition of iron-containing alloys, wt. %: 96.8-97.1 Fecomm; 0.11-0.26 Ti; 0.1-0.14 V; 0.78-1.2 C; 0.1-0.13 Si; 0.035-0.40 Cr; 0.3-0.4 Mn. The cast iron and vanadium slag obtained by us correspond to the existing analogues in terms of the content of impuritycomponents. |
Key words | titanomagnetite, iron oxide, carbon, solid-phase reduction, magnetic separation, melting, cast iron, conversion, vanadium, slag |
References |
20 Grejver N.S., Klushin D.N., Strigin I.A., Troitskij A.V. Osnovy metallurgii. (Basics of Metallurgy). Moscow: State scientific and technical publishing house of literature on ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy 1961. 24. (in Russ). |
Cite this article as: Almagul Ultarakova, M. I. Onayev, K. K. Kasymzhanov, A. M. Esengaziyev. (2018). DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM PARAMETERS OF MELTING AND CONVERTING OF IRON-CONTAINING MELT WITH THE PRODUCTION OF VANADIUM-CONTAINING SLAG. Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. 305(2), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.7
Materials science
Title | SIMULATION MODELING OF STRESSED-DEFORMED MODE OF BAND AT ROLLING IN A MULTI-FUNCTIONAL LONGITUDINAL-WEDGE MILL |
Authors | Mashekov S. A.(Almaty), Kiyanbekova L. R. (Bishkek Kyrgyzstan), Mashekova A. S.(Astana), Urazbayeva R. E. (Bishkek Kyrgyzstan) |
Author´s information |
Kazakh National Research Technical University named K.I. Satpaev «Machine-tool construction, materials science and technology of machine-building production», Almaty, Kazakhstan Mashekov S. A., Dr.Sci.Tech., Professor, Professor lecturer Kyrgyz National Technical University named I. Razzakov, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Kiyanbekova L. R., Master, Postgraduate Nazarbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Mashekova A. S., PhD, Lecturer Kyrgyz National Technical University named I. Razzakov, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Urazbayeva R. E., Master, Postgraduate, e-mail:raushjan@mail.ru |
Abstract | The paper presents results of investigation of stress-deformed state (SDS) of a metal block at rolling in longitudinal-wedge mill (LWM).The quantitative data obtained by the finite elements method and the MSC Super Forge program, and the main regularities in the distribution of SDS and the temperature at blanks rolling in a longitudinal-wedge mill with various unitary crimps were established. To determine the ultimate plasticity, the samples were tested on an STD 812 plastometer. This plastometer allows testing specimens by torsion, stretching and compression at temperatures up to 1500 ° C. The test is performed with continuous or fractional crimp with a given degree and strain rate at each passing. The plastometer is equipped with a control unit and a computer program that allow automatic output of the resistance curves of deformation of metals and alloys. It is established that the steel 08kp is characterized by a sufficiently high level of ultimate plasticity and has a wide range of satisfactory deformability. It is found an increase of the value of the ultimate plasticity at the examined deformation rates with increasing test temperature, and the rolling of strips of the steel 08kp in the longitudinal-wedge mill is carried out without disrupting the continuity of the billet material. It is shown that rolling in multifunctional LWM leads to the localization of stress intensity and deformation in the initial stage of rolling in the zones of capture of the workpiece by a roller. At subsequent stages, the sections concentrating the intensity of stresses and deformations gradually transferred from the central layers to the surface zones and edges of the workpiece. Gradual transfer of intensity of stresses and deformation from the center to the edges and the surface of the workpiece makes it possible, by selecting rational deformation modes of rolling, to obtain high-quality bands with a fine-grained structure. |
Key words | rolling, stress-strain state, numerical modeling, stresses intensity, deformations, plasticity |
References |
3 Ivanchenko V.G., Tilik V.T., Shtehno O.N., Golubyh G.N., Koval’ S.N., Panchenko V.S. Sovremennye tendentsii razvitiya tekhnologii proizvodstva goryachekatannykh osobotonkikh polos. (Modern trends development of technology for the production of hot-rolled extremely thin strips). Fundamental’nye i prikladnye problem chernoj metallurgii Sb. nauch. tr. (Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy: Collection of sci. works). Dneprpetrovsk: ICHM NAS Ukraine, 2004. 8. 232–238. (in Russ.). 4 Zinov’ev A.V. Tekhnologiya prokatki i smotki tonkikh polos na litejnoprokatnom aggregate (Technology of rolling and scrubbing thin strips on a casting aggregate). Novosti chernoj metallurgii zarubejom = News of ferrous metallurgy abroad.2006.2. 49–52. (in Russ.). 6 Rudoj L.S. Dvukhvalkovaya ustanovka nepreryvnoj razlivki stali (Twin roll continuous casting of steel). Metallurgicheskaya i gornorudnaya promyshlennost’ = Metallurgy and mining-ore industry.2010.7. 244–246. (in Russ.). 7 Grydin O., Batyrshina E., BachFr.W. Mathematische Modellierung des Giebens von dunnen Blechennachdem Zwei-Rollen-Verfahren. 27th CADFEM Users’ Meeting: Proceedings of ANSYS Conf., Leipzig, Germany, 2009. 1–9. (in German). 9 Gun I.G., Salganik V.M., Pivovarov F.V. Tonkoslyabovye litejno-prokatnye agregaty: razvitie tekhnologii, komponovki oborudovaniya (Thin-slab casting and rolling units: the development of technology, layouts and equipment). Chernaya metallurgiya = Ferrous metallurgy. Bul. NTiIA, 2000.3-4. 23-25. (in Russ.). 10 Efimenko S.P., Tarasevich U.F. Perspektiva proizvodstva osobotonkogo goryachekatannogo lista (Perspective of production of extra-thin hot-rolled sheet). 3-ij kongr. prokatchikov: tr. kongr. (3-th congr. of roller-men: proceedings of congress). Moscow, Russia, 2008. 60-65. (in Russ.). 11 Antipin V.G. Progress v proizvodstve tonkikh stal’nyh polos (Progress in the production of thin steel strips). Chernaya metallurgiya = Ferrous metallurgy. Bul.2002. 8. 3-9. (in Russ.). 12 Bobih P., Borei R., Rotta M. Tendentsii razvitiya tekhnologii i oborudovanya dlya proizvodstva vysokokachestvennoj polosovoj stali (Trends in the development of technology and equipment for the production of high-quality strip steel) 4-yj kongr. prokatchikov: tr. kongr. (4-th congr. of roller-men: proceedings of congress). Magnitigorsk. Russia. 2001. 16–19 October, 54-57. (in Russ.) 16 Pat. 31750 RZ. Mnogofunkcional’nyj prodol’no-klinovyj stan dlya prokatki listov iz stalej I splavov (Multifunctional longitudinal-wedge rolling mill for rolling sheets of steels and alloys) / Mashekov S.A., Mashekova A.S., Nugman E.Z. Opubl. 30.12.2016, 18. (in Russ.). 18 Ivanov K.M., Shevchenko V.S., Urgenson A.E. Metod konechnykh ehlementov v tekhnologicheskikh zadachakh OMD. Uchebnoe posobie. (Method of finite elements in technological problems of OMD. Tutorial). Sankt-Peterburg: Institut Mashinostroeniya, 2000. 217. (in Russ.). 19 Soldatkin A., Golenrov U. Programma MSC. Super Forge kak odin iz ehlementov sistemy virtual’nogo proizvodstva i upravleniya kachestvom izdelij (MSC. User Forge as one of the elements of the virtual production and product quality management system). SAPR i grafika = SAPR and graphics.2000.7. 11–13. (in Russ.). |
Cite this artice as: Mashekov, S. A., Kiyanbekova, L. R., Mashekova, A. S., … Urazbayeva, R. E. (2018). SIMULATION MODELING OF STRESSED-DEFORMED MODE OF BAND AT ROLLING IN A MULTI-FUNCTIONAL LONGITUDINAL-WEDGE MILL. Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. 305(2), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.8
Title | DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW FILLER FOR DISCRETE REINFORCEMENT OF CAST ALUMINUM-MATRIX COMPOSITES BY TITANIUM CARBIDE |
Authors | Panichkin A. V. (Almaty), Kalashnikov I. E. (Moscow, Russia), Kshibekova B. B., Imbarova A. T. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation, Laboratory of physical metallurgy, Almaty, Kazakhstan Panichkin A. V., Cand.Tech.Sci., Leading Researcher, e-mail: abpanichkin@mail.ru Kshibekova B. B., Researcher Imbarova A. T., Researcher Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science named after A.A. Baikov(IMET RAS) Laboratory of Strength and Plasticity of Metal and Composite Materials and Nanomaterials, Moscow, Russia Kalashnikov I. E., Cand.Tech.Sci., Leading Researcher |
Abstract | In order to improve the method for obtaining cast aluminum-matrix composites dispersion-filled by titanium carbide and to increase characteristics of these materials were investigated the structure and properties of the composites reinforced by in-situ and ex-situ methods. For this aim were used the synthesis of the TiC under the melt layer by the introduction of compacts of pressed mixture of powders of titanium and graphite, titanium and aluminum carbide and mechanical mixing into the aluminum melt of the pre-synthesized powders of TiC and TiC in the Al3Ti matrix. It was found that the in-situ method of reinforcing aluminum and aluminum alloys with discrete particles of titanium carbide has low efficiency, because of intensive wetting of titanium powders by melt in the volume of compacts, when they are introduced. As a result, the actively formed Al3Ti phase prevents the flowing self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) between titanium and carbon or aluminum carbide. It was established, that this method is not suitable for reinforcing aluminum alloys, doped with silicon and magnesium, in view of the almost complete cessation of the synthesis of titanium carbide and the active formation of titanium alumino-silicides and aluminides, which is accompanied by spattering of the melt. The SHS-reaction between Al4C3 and Ti under heating conditions at a rate up to 6000 °C per hour leads to the formation of dispersed TiC and Ti3AlC2 of globular shape in an Al3Ti matrix. With rise of the heating rate and the heat dissipation, the number of non-equilibrium phases formed during the reaction increases. The formation of metallic aluminum found under such conditions allows suggest that the reaction between titanium and aluminum carbide is going by stages. The introduction of briquettes into the aluminum melt after initiation of the SHS-reaction in them does not ensure the dissolution of the matrix and the distribution of titanium carbide in the volume of the melt. This requires their preliminary grinding. Ex-situ aluminum reinforcement with TiC-Al3Ti powders is high efficiency due to good wetting of their surface by aluminum melts and subsequent active dissolution of the Al3Ti matrix. In this case, the Al3Ti phase is recrystallized, and the released titanium carbides are distributed in the form of clusters in the melt volume. The resulting materials are superior to the characteristics of the composites reinforced with ex-situ TiC powders of same dispersity. This allows recommend the usage of TiC-Al3Ti powders as fillers to obtain discretely reinforced aluminum-matrix composite materials. |
Key words | discrete filler, titanium carbide, titanium aluminide, cast aluminum-matrix composite material |
References |
5 Luts A.R.. Makarenko A.G. Samorasprostranyayushchisya vysokotemperaturnyj sintez alyuminievykh splavov (Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of aluminum alloys).Samara: SamSTU, 2008, 175.(in Russ.) 6 Amosov A.P., Luts A.R., Makarenko A.G., Yakubovich E.A. SHS of composition alloys in aluminum melt.IX Internation. Sym. on Selfpropogating High-temperature Synthesis: proceedings of Symp. Dijon, France, 2007. (in Eng.) 9 Dongshuai Zhou, Feng Qiu, Qichuan Jiang. The nano-sized TiC particle reinforced Al–Cu matrix composite with superior tensile ductility. Materials Science and Engineering: A.2015. 622, 189–193.DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2014.11.006.(in Eng.) 10 Nukami T., Flemings M.C. In-situ synthesis of TiC particulate reinforced aluminium matrix composites. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. А. 1995. 26. 1877–1884. DOI: 10.1007/BF02670775. (in Eng.) 14 Qiaoli Lin, Ping Shen, Longlong Yang, Shenbao Jin, Qichuan Jiang. Wetting of TiC by molten Al at 1123–1323 K. Acta Materialia. 2011. 59. 5. 1898–1911. DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.11.055. (in Eng.) 15 Huabing Yang, Tong Gao, Haichao Wang, Xiangfa Liu. Influence of C/Ti stoichiometry in TiCx on the grain refinement efficiency of Al–Ti–C master alloy. Journal of Materials Science & Technology. 2017. 33. 616–622. DOI:10.1016/j.jmst.2017.04.015. (in Eng.) 19 Panichkin A.V., Kshibekova B.B., Imbarova A.T., Dzhumabekov D.M., Alibekov Zh.Zh. Formirovanie karbida titana v alyuminievom rasplave pri vzaimodejstvii rastvorennogo titana s karbidom alyuminiya. (Formation of titanium carbide in an aluminum melt during the interaction of dissolved titanium with aluminum carbide). Nauchnoye naslediye Sh. Esenova – Satpayevskiye chteniya: mater. Mezhdunar. konf. (Scientific Heritage of Sh. Esenov – Satpaev Readings: proceedings of Internation. Conf.), Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2017. 567-571. (in Russ.) 20 Yeh C.L., Shen Y.G. Effects of TiC and Al4C3 addition on combustion synthesis of Ti2AlC. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2009. 470. 424–428. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.02.086. (in Eng.) 21 Shinobu Hashimoto, Noriko Nishina, Kiyoshi Hirao, You Zhou, Hideki Hyuga, Sawao Honda, Yuji Iwamoto. Formation mechanism of Ti2AlC under the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) mode. Materials Research Bulletin. 2012. 47.1164–1168. DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.02.003. (in Eng.) 22 López V.H., ScolesA., Kennedy A.R. The thermal stability of TiC particles in an Al7wt. %Si alloy. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2003. 356. 316–325. DOI: 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00143-6. (in Eng.) |
Cite this artice as: A. V. Panichkin, I. E. Kalashnikov, B. B. Kshibekova, A. T. Imbarova. (2018). DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW FILLER FOR DISCRETE REINFORCEMENT OF CAST ALUMINUM-MATRIX COMPOSITES BY TITANIUM CARBIDE. Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. 305(2), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.9
Metal systems investigation
Title | MULTI-LAYER STRUCTURE OF THE DIFFUSION ZONE OF THE Al-Ni SYSTEM |
Authors | Ibrayeva G. M., Sukurov B. M., Aubakirova R. K., (Almaty), Mansurov Yu. N. (Moscow, Russia) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore beneficiation, Laboratory of physical metallurgy, Almaty, Kazakhstan Ibrayeva G. M., Engineer, e-mail: guizira.83@mail.ru Sukurov B. M., Cand.Tech.Sci., Leading Researcher Aubakirova R. K., Cand.Tech.Sci., Senior Researcher Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys, Department of Metal Science of Non-Ferrous Metals, Moscow, Russia Mansurov Yu. N. Dr.Sci.Tech., Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, professor |
Abstract | The diffusion zone of Al-Ni system has been studied using the contact melting method. The microstructure and element composition in cross section of samples have been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (SEM-EPMA). The multilayer structure of intermetallics of Al- Ni system has been formed after isothermal treatment in range of 1000-1300 °С. Due to interaction between Al and Ni the width of diffusion zone is growing along with duration of isothermal treatment. Few layers having different phase compositions and widths are formed in contact zone depending on established concentration of metals. Each of the observed layers has its own clear boundaries and structure pattern. Four compounds with the variable compositions Al51Ni49, Al36Ni64, Al30Ni70 and Al32Ni68 have been revealed at 1000-1300°С due to comparison of element distribution in the depth of diffusion zone with its microstructure. The layers are seemed as homogenous and having more smooth boundaries from Ni side. Meanwhile from Al side the layer structure acquires the island-type form, and boundaries become more irregular with dendrite appearance. The intermetallic compounds have been obtained at various temperatures; they correspond pre-established phases with registered compositions (daltonides): Al3Ni, Аl3Ni2, ΑΙNi(β), ΑlNi3(α’), Аl3Ni5. The agglomerates of pores and cracks could be caused by stresses between the layers are detected. The formation of pores in case of the developed layer microstructure is related to Frenkel effect. |
Key words | contact melting, scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis, diffusion zone, multilayer structure, intermetallics, Al- Ni diagram |
References |
1 Bokiy G.B. Kristallokhimiya (Crystal chemistry) Moskow: Science. 1971, 400. (in Russ.). 3 Geguzin Ya. E. Diffuzionnaya zona. (Diffusion zone). Moskow. Science. 1979. 344. (in Russ.). 12 Thermo-Calc Software. Thermocalc State Variables and State Variables. Stockholm: Sweden. 2006, 748. (in Eng.). |
Cite this artice as: Ibrayeva, G. M., Sukurov, B. M., Aubakirova, R. K., Mansurov, Y. N. (2018). MULTI-LAYER STRUCTURE OF THE DIFFUSION ZONE OF THE Al-Ni SYSTEM. Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ. 305(2), 89–95. https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/445.10
Memorable date
TO THE MEMORY OF CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF KAZAKHSTAN BULAT BALTAKAEVICH BEJSEMBAYEV (80th BIRTHDAY ANNIVERSARY)
Anniversaries
ON THE 70th JUBILEE OF ACADEMICIAN OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN NIKOLAJ SADVAKASOVICH BUKTUKO