MINERALS BENEFICATION
Title | COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE WORK OF BALL AND ROD MILLS ON THE BASIS OF THE PROBABILISTIC MODEL OF GRINDING OF MATERIALS |
Authors |
Malyshev V. P., Makasheva A. M., Zubrina Yu. S. (Karaganda)
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Author´s information |
Zh. Abishev’s Chemical and Metallurgical Institute, Lab of Entropic-Information Analysis, Karaganda, Kazakhstan , Karaganda, Kazakhstan Malyshev V.P., Doctor Tech.Sci., professor, head of the Lab, e-mail: eia_hmi@mail.ru Makasheva A. M., Doctor Tech.Sci., professor, main scientific worker Zubrina Yu. S., master of tech sci., junior scientific worker |
Abstract | The purpose of work is to map by the probability theory of grinding of processes in a rod mill with adaptation to this process of frequency, concentration, steric and activation factors. A comparative analysis of the grinding process in ball and rod mills based on the probabilistic model was carried out, during which it was found out that it is preferable to use rod mills for grinding larger fractions. This is achieved due to the advantage in the steric factor. For rod grinding in the whole range of grain sizes it exceeds that for ball grinding, due to less screening of grains by a rod than by a ball. At the same time, the activation factor also has a similar superiority, although to a lesser extent, which proves itself especially well for large fractions. The combined effect of steric and activation factors leads to the formation of maxima in the area of millimeter fractions. This maximum is much higher for rod grinding than for ball grinding. Due to this, the process of grinding by rods is theoretically much more efficient than ball grinding of large fractions, which practically corresponds to lower power consumption. The calculations have shown that in the case of rod grinding, the distribution of fractions is more uniform, and this also agrees with practical data. In rod grinding, as well as in ball grinding, a logarithmically normal distribution of fractions is formed as the process proceeds, which is related to the unity of applicability of the integral grinding model to any variants of sequential destruction of material. Due to consideration of all operating factors the received probabilistic model of rod grinding can be considered the most complete and ready for practical use. |
Key words | probabilistic model, development, grinding, rod mills, ball mills, steric factor, activation factor, comparative analysis |
References |
1 Fedotov K.V., Nikol’skaya N.I. Proektirovanie obogatitel’nykh fabrik: Uchebnik dlya vuzov (Design of coal preparation plants: Textbook for universities). Moscow: Gornaya kniga, 2012. 536 (in Russ.). 2 Alekseeva E.A., Andreev E.E., Brichkin V.N., Nikolaeva N.V., Tikhonov O.N. Intensifikatsiya protsessa izmel’cheniya boksitov v sterzhnevoj mel’nitse (Intensification of process of bauxite grinding in a rod mill). Obogashchenie rud=Ore benefication. 2014. 3, 3-6 (in Russ.). 3 Malyshev V.P. Novyj aspekt v teorii izmel’cheniya rud i upravleniya ehtim protsessom (The new aspect in theory grinding ore and the process control). Obogashchenie rud=Ore benefication. 1995. 4-5, 4-14 (in Russ.). 4 Malyshev V.P., Turdukozhaeva (Makasheva) A.M., Kajkenov D.A. Razvitie teorii samoizmel’cheniya rud na osnove molekulyarnoj teorii soudarenij i formal’noj kinetiki posledovatel’nykh reaktsij (Autogenous ore development theory based on molecular collision theory and formal kinetics of consecutive reactions). Obogashchenie rud=Ore benefication. 2012. 4, 29-35 (in Russ.). 5 Malyshev V.P., Makasheva A.M., Bekturganov N.S., Tokbulatov T.E., Kravchenko V.G., Kajkenov D.A. Ispol’zovanie veroyatnostnoj modeli izmel’cheniya dlya analiza i prognozirovaniya rezul’tatov raboty promyshlennoj mel’nitsy (Using of probabilistic model of grinding for the analysis and prediction of the results of work of industrial mill) Obogashchenie rud=Ore benefication. 2014. 4, 3-7 (in Russ.). 6 Magdalinovich H.M. Kinetika izmel’cheniya v sterzhnevoj mel’nitse (The kinetics of grinding in a rod mill). Obogashchenie rud=Ore benefication. 1989. 5, 5-10 (in Russ.). 7 Rowland C.A. Selection of Rod Mills, Ball Mills, and Regrind Mills. Mineral Processing Plant Design Practice and Control: Proceedings. Littleton, USA, 2002, Vol. 1, 710–754 (in Eng.). 8 V.E. Mizonov, H Brthiaux, V.P. Zhukov, S. Bernotat. Application of MultiDimensional Markov Chains to Model kinetics of Grinding with Internal Classification. 10th symposium on Comminution: Proceedings of the symposium. Heidelberg, Germany, 2002, 14 (in Eng.). 9 Berthiaux H. Analysis of Grinding Processes by Markov Chains. Chemical Engineering Science. 2000. 55, 4117- 4127 (in Eng.). 10 Austin, L.G. Zur Theorie der Zerkleinerung. Aufbereituns Technik. 1966. 1, 10-20 (in German). 11 Abramov A.A. Sobranie sochinenij. T. 1: Obogatitel’nye protsessy i apparaty: Uchebnik dlya vuzov (Collected Works. V. 1: Enrichment processes and devices: Textbook for universities.) Moscow: Gornaya kniga. 2010, 470 (in Russ.). 12 Pilov P.I. Snizhenie ehnergopotrebleniya v zamknutykh tsiklakh tonkogo izmel’cheniya rud (Reducing energy consumption in closed cycles of thin pulverizing ores) Metallurgicheskaya i gornorudnaya promyshlennost’=Metallurgy and mining industry. 2013. 6, 75-80 (in Russ.). 13 Malyshev V.P., Makasheva A.M., Kajkenov D.A., Zubrina Yu.S. Sluchajnaya priroda i veroyatnostnaya model’ izmel’cheniya materialov (The random nature and the probabilistic model of grinding of materials). Moscow: Nauchnyj mir, 2017. 260 (in Russ.). |
METALLURGY
Title | HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSING OF persistent GOLD-beariNG ORES by TRADITIONAL benefication METHODS |
Authors |
Erdenova M. B., Kojzhanova A. K., Kamalov Eh. M., Yulusov S. B., Zhanabaj Zh. D.
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Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, Lab for Special Methods of Hydrometallurgy, Almaty, Kazakhstan Erdenova M. B., leading engineer e-mail: erdenova_mariya@mail.ru Kojzhanova A. K., Cand. Tech. Sci., leading scientific worker Kamalov Eh. M., Cand. Tech. Sci., senior scientific worker Yulusov S. B., Junior scientific worker Zhanabaj Zh. D., engineer
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Abstract | Based on the analysis of the results of physical and chemical research, known methods and techniques for processing low-grade gold-containing raw materials have been offered and tested, the application of which will allow the most complete transfer of gold into solution. In the course of physical-chemical studies of the initial ore, such methods as X-ray diffraction X-ray fluorescence, mineralogical and chemical methods are used, in addition, using the assay method, the characteristics of the forms of finding gold in raw materials are given. According to X-ray phase analysis, the initial ore belongs to the siliceous type, which is confirmed by X-ray fluorescence and chemical analysis methods. The content of silicon in the ore is 28.8 %, which in terms of silicon oxide is about 62 %. The gold content is 1.02 g/t. The mineralogical analysis of the raw material showed that ore mineralization of gold is pyrite, and according to the assay there is practically no visible native gold in the ore, its content is 1.1 %, the fine-dispersed in the rock-forming minerals is 77.8 %. The following ore processing methods were tested: direct cyanidation, gravity enrichment with subsequent cyanidation, flotation enrichment followed by cyanidation. The recovery of gold under direct cyanidation was 70.6 %, under conditions of gravity ore enrichment, followed by cyanidation – 75.5 %. Cyanide leaching of the flotation concentrate allowed to convert 63.0 % of gold into the solution. Based on the results of the conducted studies low-grade ore of the Karyernoye deposit is recommended processing by cyanide leaching with preliminary gravitational concentration. |
Key words | gold-bearing ore, gravitation concentrate, flotation concentrate, cyanidation, hydrometallurgy |
References |
1 Bekturganov N.S. Innovatsionnye tekhnologii obogashcheniya mineral’nogo i tekhnogennogo syr’ya Kazakhstana (Innovative technologies of enrichment of mineral and technogenic raw materials of Kazakhstan). Innovatsionnye protsessy kompleksnoj i glubokoj pererabotki mineral’nogo syr’ya. Plaksinskie chteniya: mater. mezhdunar. soveshch. (Innovative processes of complex and deep processing of mineral raw materials: proceedings of internation. meeting). Tomsk, Russia, 16-19 sept., 2013. 24. (in Russ.).2 Rudnev B.P. Obosnovanie i razrabotka ehffektivnykh metodov obogashcheniya tekushchikh i lezhalykh khvostov obogashcheniya rud tsvetnykh, blagorodnykh i redkikh metallov (Substantiation and development of effective methods for enriching the current and stale tailings of the enrichment of ores of nonferrous, noble and rare metals ) : dis. …dokt. tekh. nauk (Thesis. … Doc. Tech. Science): 25.00.13 / Gintsvetmet. Moscow, 2004. 193. (in Russ.).3Karmazin V.V. Perspektivy uvelichenya dobychi zolota pri razrabotke tekhnogennykh mestorozhdeni (Prospects for increasing gold production in the development of technogenic deposits). Gornyj zhurnal = Mining journal. 1997. 7. 56-57. (in Russ.).4 Strizhko L.S., Bobohonov B.A., Rabiev B.R., Boboev I.R. Tekhnologii pererabotki zolotosoderzhashchikh rud (Technologies for processing gold-bearing ores) Gornyj zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2012. 7. 45-50. (in Russ.).5 Enbaev I.A., Rudnev B.P., Shamin A.A., Kachevskij A.I. Pererabotka otval’nykh khvostov fabrik i netraditsionnogo syr’ya s primeneniem ehffektivnykh obogatitel’nykh protscessov(Processing of dump tails of factories and unconventional raw material with the use of effective concentrating processes). Moscow: Nauka. 1998. 60 (in Russ.). 6 Turin K.K., Bashlykova T.V., Anan’ev P.P., Boboev I.R., Gorbunov E.P. Izvlechenie zolota iz khvostov zolotoizvlekatel’noj fabriki ot pererabotki upornykh rud smeshannogo tipa (The extraction of gold from the tailings of the gold recovery factory from the processing of resistant mixed-type ores) Tsvetnye metally = Non-ferrous metals.2013. 5. 39-43. (in Russ.).7. Pelikh B. V., Salov B. M. K voprosu ob upravlenii protsessom tsianirovaniya zolota (On the management of the process of cyanidation of gold). Vestnik IrGTU = Herald of Irkutsk State Tech. University. 2012. 11.163-170. (in Russ.). 8 Kojzhanova A.K., Erdenova M.B., Osipovskaya L.L., Magomedov D.R., Darisheva A.M. Sovershenstvovanie tekhnologii kuchnogo vyshchelachivaniya zolota iz upornykh polimetallicheskikh rud (Perfection of technology of heap leaching of gold from persistent polymetallic ores). Kompleksnoe ispol’zovanie mineral’nogo syr’ya = Complex use of mineral resources. 2015. 1. 30-36. (in Russ.). |
Title |
INTERACTION OF alloying METALS OF CONSTRUCTION STEELS WITH LIQUID AND vaporous selenium
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Authors | Trebukhov S. A., Volodin V. N., Nitsenko A. V., Burabayeva N. M., Trebukhov A. A. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, Lab of Vacuum Processes, Almaty, Kazakhstan Trebukhov S.A., Cand. Tech. Sci., deputy general director of IM&OB Volodin V.N., Doctor Tech.Sci., Doctor Phys. Math. Sci. chief scientific worker Nitsenko A.V., Cand. Tech. Sci., head of the Lab Burabayeva N.M., Cand. Tech. Sci., senior scientific worker, e-mail: Nuri_eng@mail.ru Trebukhov A. A. , engineer |
Abstract | Based on the thermodynamic study of the interaction of selenium with alloying metals: nickel, titanium and chromium, it is established that these elements will form selenides of different composition in the liquid and vapor phases under the distillation process. The following order of dissolution in liquid selenium is suggested: chromium, nickel, iron, titanium. This will lead to a preferential transition of the elements standing in the row in front of the iron into liquid selenium and degradation of the structural material based on alloyed steel. On the basis of partial pressure diagrams of selenium in systems with iron and doping metals, it was established that titanium and chromium under conditions of distillation recovery and refining of selenium at low pressures will be represented by thermally stable higher selenides, nickel in liquid selenium by diselenide, in contact with the vapor phase, nickel monoselenide . Diagrams of the state of selenium systems with nickel and chromium are supplemented by phase transitions of liquid-vapor at a pressure of 100 Pa. The boundaries of the coexistence of liquid condensed and vapor phases are calculated assuming the existence of extremely dilute solutions of selenium in liquid nickel and crystalline chromium. The concentration of higher nickel and chromium selenides in the bottom residue during the distillation refining of selenium was confirmed. In the case of structural design, the use of a batch process is recommended due to the formation of a layer of selenides on the steel surface, which acts as a protective skull. |
Key words | selenium, nickel, titanium, chromium, selenide, diselenide, melt, partial pressure diagram, state diagram |
References |
1 Burabayeva N.M., Volodin V.N., Trebukhov S.A., Ersajynova A.A. Fazovaya diagramma se-len – sera pri davleniyakh 1•10-5 – 1•10-1 MPa (The phase diagram of selenium-sulfur at pressures of 1 • 10-5 – 1 • 10-1 MPa). Zhurnal fizicheskoj khimii = Journal of Physical Chemistry. 2016. 90, 11. 1663-1668 (in Russ.). 2 Burabayeva N.M., Volodin V.N., Trebukhov S.A., Ersajynova A.A. Termodinamika obrazovaniya i ispareniya splavov selen-sera (Thermodynamics of formation and evaporation of selenium-sulfur alloys). Kompleksnoe ispol’zovanie mineral’nogo syr’ya = Complex use of mineral resources. 2016. 1. 48-53. 3 Termicheskie konstanty veshhestv (Thermic constants of substances). Pod red. Glushko V.P. (Editorship Glushko V.P.). Moscow: VINITI, IVT. 1972. 6. 1. 369 (in Russ.) 4 Pankratova O.Ju., Undusk E.P., Vladimirova V.A. Termokhimiya selenidov titana peremennogo sostava TiSe1,5-2,0 (Thermochemistry of titanium selenides of variable composition TiSe1,5-2,0). Zhurnal neogranicheskoj khimii = Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 1991. 36. 5. 1249-1253 ( in Russ.). 5 Goncharuk L.V., Lukashenko G.M. Termodinamicheskie svojstva selenida khroma Cr2Se3 (Thermodynamic properties of chromium selenide Cr2Se3) Zhurnal fizicheskoj khimii = Journal of Physical Chemistry. 1986. 60, 7. 1810-1811 (in Russ.). 6 Kireev V.A. Metody prakticheskikh raschetov v termodinamike khimicheskikh reaktsij (Methods of practical calculations in the thermodynamics of chemical reactions). Moscow: Khimiya. 1975. 535 ( in Russ.). 7 Trebukhov S.A., Volodin V.N., Nitsenko A.V., Burabaeva N.M., Trebukhov A.A. Decomposition of iron, cobalt and nickel selenides in selenium distillation conditions. Kompleksnoe ispol’zovanie mineral’nogo syr’ya = Complex use of mineral resources. 2016. 4. 58-62 (in Eng.). 8 Feenberg I.Ya., Vajsburd S.E. Termodinamicheskie svojstva rasplavov sistemy Ni-Se (Thermodynamic properties of melts of the Ni-Se system). Termodinamicheskie svojstva metallicheskikh splavov (Thermodynamic properties of metal melts). Baku: Ehlm. 1975. 395-398 ( in Russ.). 9 Morozova M.P., Vladimirova V.A., Stolyarova T.A., Pavlinova L.A. Fiziko-khimicheskoe issledovanie sul’fidov, telluridov i selenidov kobal’ta i nikelya v predelakh oblastej gomogennosti (Physico-chemical study of cobalt and nickel sulphides, tellurides and selenides within homogeneity regions). Khimiya i fizika khal’kogenidov (Chemistry and Physics of chalcogenides). Kiev: Naukova dumka. 1977. 52-54 ( in Russ.). 10 Glazov V.M., Lazarev V.B., Zharov V.V. Fazovye diagrammy prostykh veshhestv (Phase diagrams of simple substances). Moscow: Nauka, 1980. 219 ( in Russ.). 11 Diagrammy sostoyaniya dvojnykh metallicheskikh system (Diagrams of the state of double metal systems). Spravochnik. Pod red. Ljakisheva N.P. (Hand book, Editorship Ljakishev N.P.) Moscow: Mashinostroenie. 2001. 3. 1. 872 ( in Russ.). 12 Diagrammy sostoyaniya dvojnykh metallicheskikh system (Diagrams of the state of double metal systems). Spravochnik. Pod red. Ljakisheva N.P. (Hand book, Editorship Ljakishev N.P.) Moscow: Mashinostroenie. 2000. 3. 2. 448 ( in Russ.). 13 Diagrammy sostoyaniya dvojnykh metallicheskikh system (Diagrams of the state of double metal systems). Spravochnik. Pod red. Ljakisheva N.P. (Hand book, Editorship Lyakishev N.P.) Moscow: Mashinostroenie. 1997. 2. 1024 ( in Russ.). |
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL STUDIES
Title | SATURATED VAPOR PRESSURE OF TELLURIUM AND SULFUR OVER THEIR MELTS |
Authors |
Volodin V. N., Burabayeva N. M., Trebukhov S.A., Nitsenko A.V., Bolatbekov B.B. (Almaty)
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Author´s information |
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefication, Lab of Vacuum Processes, Almaty, Kazakhstan Volodin V.N., Doctor Tech.Sci., Doctor Phys. Math. Sci. chief scientific worker Burabayeva N.M., Cand. Tech. Sci., senior scientific worker, e-mail: Nuri_eng@mail.ru Trebukhov S.A., Cand. Tech. Sci., deputy general director of IM&OB Nitsenko A.V., Cand. Tech. Sci., head of the Lab Bolatbekov B.B., engineer |
Abstract | Saturated sulfur vapor pressure over its melts with tellurium was determined using the boiling point method and represented by temperature-concentration dependences for alloys containing 0 – 45 at. % S (100 – 55 at. % Те) and 45 – 100 at. % S (55 – 0 at. % Те). Due to a large difference in saturated vapor pressure values of sulfur and tellurium, the total pressure over melts was taken equal to the partial pressure of sulfur. The partial vapor pressure of tellurium was determined for the specified concentration ranges by numerical integration of the Gibbs-Duhem equation with the mean error of 9.69 %. Based on the total vapor pressure, the boiling points for tellurium-sulfur system were determined, and the boundaries for liquid melts on the temperature-dependent phase diagram were identified: the liquidus curve is below, and the boiling temperature curve is above. The system demonstrates an alternating-sign deviation of activities from the ideal solutions rule, where the negative deviation is in the area of alloys rich in tellurium and the positive is in the area of solutions rich in sulfur (> 50 at. %). The dependence of the total vapor pressure of selenium and tellurium on the composition shows no extrema in the area of liquid solutions, indicating that there is no constant boiling mixture, i.e. an azeotrope. Taking this fact and the large difference in the vapor pressure of the components into account, we see no technological difficulties in the system separation into elements by distillation. |
Key words | sulfur, tellurium, vapor pressure, concentration, melt, state diagram, liquidus, boiling point, activity, distillation |
References |
1 Burabayeva N.M., Volodin V.N., Trebukhov S.A., Ersajynova A.A. Termodinamika obra-zovaniya i ispareniya splavov selen-sera (Thermodynamics of formation and evaporation of selenium-sulfur alloys). Kompleksnoe ispol’zovanie mineral’nogo syr’ya = Complex use of mineral resources. 2016. 1. 48-53 2 Volodin V.N., Burabayeva N.M., Trebukhov S.A. Ersajynova A.A. Fazovaya diagramma selen – sera pri davleniyah 1•10-5 – 1•10-1 MPa (The phase diagram of selenium-sulfur at pressures of 1 • 10-5 – 1 • 10-1 MPa). Zhurnal fizicheskoj khimii = Journal of Physical Chemistry. 2016. 90. 11. 1663-1668 (in Russ.). 3 Burabayeva N.M., Volodin V.N., Trebukhov S.A., Tuleutaj F.H., Ersajynova A.A. Davle-nie para sostavlyajushhikh nad rasplavami sistemy selen-tellur (The vapor pressure of the components above the melts of the selenium-tellurium system). Kompleksnoe ispol’zovanie mineral’nogo syr’ya = Complex use of mineral resources. 2016. 3. 15-22 (in Russ.). 4 Volodin V.N., Trebukhov S.A., Burabayeva N.M., Nicenko A.V. Fazovye ravnovesiya rasplav – gaz i diagrammy sostoyaniya sistemy selen – tellur (Phase melt-gas equilibria and state diagrams of the selenium-tellurium system). Zhurnal fizicheskoj khimii = Journal of Physical Chemistry. 2017. 91. 5. 754-758 (in Russ.). 5 Diagrammy sostoyaniya dvojnykh metallicheskikh system (Diagrams of the state of double metal systems). Spravochnik. – Pod red. Lyakisheva N.P. Moscow. Mashinostroenie. 2000. 3. 2. 448 (in Russ.). 6 Zhuravleva M.G., Chufarov G.I. O razdelenii sery i selena (On the separation of sulfur and selenium). Zhurnal fizicheskoj khimii = Journal of Physical Chemistry.1951. 24. 1. 28-31(in Russ.). 7. Malyshev V.P., Turdukozhaeva A.M., Ospanov E.A., Sarkenov B.B. Isparyaemost’ i kipenie prostykh veshhestv (Evaporation and boiling of simple substances). Moscow: Nauchnyj mir. 2010. 256-265. (in Russ.). 8 Nesmeyanov A. N. Davlenie para khimicheskih jelementov (The vapor pressure of chemical elements). Moscow: AN SSSR. 1961. 282 (in Russ.). 9 Morachevskij A.G. Termodinamika rasplavlennykh metallicheskikh i solevykh system (Thermodynamics of molten metal and salt systems). Moscow: Metallurgiya. 1987. 240 (in Russ.). 10 Novoselova A.V., Pashinkin A.S. Davlenie para letuchikh khal’kogenidov metallov (Vapor pressure of volatile metal chalcogenides). Moscow: Nauka. 1978. 112 (in Russ.). |
MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY
Title | MAIN STAGES FOR PRODUCTION OF CARBON FIBER TUBULAR RODS |
Authors | Ismailov M.B., Mejirbekov M. N., Zaberezhnyj S.A., Magomedov R. M., Bajserikov B.A. (Almaty) |
Author´s information |
The National Center of Space Exploration and Technologies, Dep. of Cosmic Material Technology and Instrumentation Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan Ismailov M.B., Doctor Tech. Sci., professor, Director of Dep., e-mail: m.ismailov@spaceres.kz Mejirbekov M. N., Junior scientific worker Zaberezhnyj S.A., master, Junior scientific worker Magomedov R. M., leading engineer Bajserikov B.A., master, Junior scientific worker |
Abstract | Carbon–fiber tubular rods (CFTR) are widely used in power structures of unmanned aerial vehicles and space vehicles. High-strength material allows to significantly facilitate the weight of structures. In this work, a study was made of the method for obtaining CFTR by the method of “wet” winding of a carbon roving impregnated with epoxy resin. The influence of the roving thickness on the tensile strength / contraction strength, the roving winding speed and effort, and the roving winding angle is studied. The maximum strength of CFTR was obtained at a roving thickness of 24K and the settings of a winding machine: roaming speed 18 mm /s, pulling forces 18.6N, cross-winding angle 550. The effect of processing “raw” windings in a vacuum bag at atmospheric pressure was obtained. Vacuum treatment reduces the porosity of the product and increases its strength. The tensile strength / compression strength of CFTR using epoxy resin with hardener hardening at room temperature was 346.5 MPa, at a temperature of 150 0С – 370 MPa, at a temperature of 180 0С – 516 MPa. It is assumed that the advantages of hot hardening of the epoxy matrix are due to its high fluidity, which allows penetration into all pores and to wet the carbon roving surface well. |
Key words | spacecraft, carbon-filled plastic, tubular rod, winding, winding machine, roving, epoxy resin, strength |
References |
1 Korobenko V.N., Savvatimskij A.I. Ugleplastik (Carbon-filled plastic). Nauch. Posobie (Sci. textbook) Moscow: Vestnik, 1997. 130. (in Russ) 2 Molchanov B.I., Gudimov M.M. Svojstva ugleplastikov i oblasti ikh primeneniya (Properties of carbon-filled plastic and its application). Moscow: VIAM. 1996. 10. (in Russ) 3 Gardymov G.P., Meshkov E.V., Pchelincev A.V., Lashmanov G.P., Afanas’ev Ju. A. Kompozitsionnye materialy v raketno-kosmicheskom apparatostroenii (Composite materials in the missile and space vehicle). Pod obshch.red. (Edited by prof. G.P. Gardymov, prof. E.V. Meshkov). St. Petersburg: SpetsLit, 1999. 271. (in Russ). 4 Perov B.V, Gunjaev G.M, Rumjancev A.F, Stroganov G.B. Primenenie vysokomodul’nyh polimernyh kompozicionnyh materialov v izdelijah aviacionnoj tehniki (The use of high modulus polymeric composite materials in aviation technology products). Moscow: VIAM, 1982. 13. (in Russ) 5 Yuzhnoe konstruktorskoe bjuro (Southern Design Bureau) [electronic resource]. URL: http://www.yuzhnoye.com/technique/space-vehicles/spacecraft-components/ (access date: 27.03.2016) (in Russ). 6 Tehnologiya proizvodstva izdelij iz kompozitsionnykh polimernykh materialov (Technology for composite polymeric materials production). [Electronic resource]. URL: http://elar.urfu.ru/bitstream/10995/3568/12/1358540_lectures_ch_2.pdf (access date 27.03. 2016) (in Russ). 7 Bol’shaja ehntsiklopediya nefti i gaza. ehkonomiya-massa (Great encyclopedia of oil and gas, weigh reduction) [electronic resource]. – URL: http://www.ngpedia.ru/id609592p2.html (access date 01.04. 2016) (in Russ). 8 A.M., Kovalenko V.A., Malyi L.P., Kondratev A.V. Tehnologiya izgotovleniya i ispytaniya organoplastikovoj obolochkoi kombinirovannogo ballona vysokovo davleniya dlya rakety-nositelya (The technology of manufacturing and testing of organoplastic shells from a combined high-pressure balloon for a carrier rocket). Voprosy proektirovaniya i proizvodstva konstrukcii letatelnyx apparatov = Questions of design and production of aircraft structures. 2013.3.13-21 (in Russ). 9 Spravochnik po kompozincionnym materialam: V 2x kn. Kn. 1 (Handbook of Composite Material: In 2 books. Book 1). Pod red. (Edited by Dz. Lubin, translation from English by Geller A.B, Helmont M.M.). Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1988. 488 (in Russ). 10 Instruktsiya po processu proizvodstva nepreryvnoi namotkoi (Instruction on the process of continuous winding production). [Electronic resource]. – URL: http://polyrus.by/instrukciya-po-processu-proizvodstva-nepreryvnoy-namotkoy (access date: 07.05. 2016) (in Russ). 11 Kompozity s voloknistymi napolnitelyami (Composites with fibrous fillers) [Electronic resource]. URL: http://p-km.ru/metody-polucheniya-polimernyx-izdelij-s-voloknistymi-napolnitelyami/namotka.html (access date: 10.06.2016) (in Russ). 12 Strength analysis of filament-wound fiber-reinforced composite piper under internal pressure. [Electronic resource]. – URL: http://www.iccm-central.org/Proceedings/ICCM13proceedings/SITE/PAPERS/Paper-1268.pdf (access date: 17.06.2016). (in Eng.) 13 Aldoshin S.M., Badamshin E.R., Grishuk A.A., Tarasov A.E., Estrin Ya.I., Ganiev R.F., Ganiev S.R., Kasilov V.P., Kurmenov D.V. Issledovanie vliyaniya sposobov dispergirovaniya odnstennyx uglerodnyx nanotrubok na svoistva nanokompozitov na osnove epoksidnoi smoly (Investigation of the influence of methods for the dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes on the properties of nanocomposites based on epoxy resin). Problemy mashinostroeniya i nadezhnosti mashin = Problems of machine building and machine reliability. 2015. 3. 32-45 (in Russ). 14 Otverditel Izo-MTGFA. Ximeks Limited (Hardener Izo-MTGFA. Himex Limited) [electronic resource]. – URL: http://www.chimexltd.com/content/data/store/images/f_603_49193_1.pdf (access date: 19.06.2016) (in Russ). 15 Etal-Inzhekt-T [electronic resource]. –URL: http://www.epital.ru/infu/t.html (access date: 20.06.2016) (in Russ). |
Title |
OBTAINING CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE COATINGS ON TITANIUM SUBSTRATE UNDER CONDITIONS OF MICRO-ARC OXIDATION
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Authors |
Mamayeva A. A. Kenzhegulov A. K., Panichkin A.V., Kalipekova M. A. (Almaty)
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Author´s information |
Institute of metallurgy and ore benefication, Lab of Materials Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan Mamayeva A. A., Cand Tech. Sci, hea d of lab. Kenzhegulov A. K., engineer, e-mail: kazakh_1403@mail.ru Panichkin A.V., Cand Tech. Sci, acting head of lab., e-mail: abpanichkin@mail.ru Kalipekova M. A., leading engineer
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Abstract |
The results of experiments on microarc oxidation of a substrate of titanium grade VT 1-0 under conditions of anodic treatment in phosphoric acid electrolytes containing calcium ions at a pH of 1 to 7 and a current voltage of 150 to 250 V are presented. The coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis and optical microscopy. The structure, phase and chemical composition formed as a result of micro-arc treatment of coatings is described. As a result of the studies, optimal regimes and parameters for obtaining calcium-phosphate coatings were established and determined. Processing with the modes found allows one to obtain coatings consisting of a mixture of phases Ca0.5(Ti2P3O12), CaTi4(PO4)6, Ca(PO3)2 and Ca2P2O7, which, according to the literature, are biocompatible compounds. The results of the SEM surface of the obtained coatings showed the presence of three structural components: sponge aggregates in the form of honeycombs, large bubbles having one or more shells, dense lenticular plates. The atomic ratio in the calcium-phosphate coatings varied in the range 0.30-0.62. It is shown that by varying the pH solutions and the magnitude of the stress of the microarc machining process, it is possible to significantly affect the structure, phase composition and thickness of the coatings produced. Promising from the point of view of obtaining biocompatible coatings is microplasma anodic treatment of titanium in phosphate acid electrolytes at рН ~3 – 1. A conclusion was made about the prospects of processing endoprostheses from titanium alloys by this method, to improve their coalescence with bone tissue.
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Key words | biocompatible materials, implant, crystallization, microarc oxidation, bioresorption, calcium-phosphate coatings |
References |
1 Long M., Rack H.J. Titanium alloys in total joint replacement – a materials science perspective. Biomaterials. 1998. 19. 1621–39 (in Eng.). 2 Song H.J., Kim J.W., Kook M.S., Moon W.J., Park YJ. Fabrication of hydroxyapatite and TiO2 nanorods on microarc-oxidized titanium surface using hydrothermal treatment. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2010. 256. 7056–7061 (in Eng.). 3 Wei D., Zhou Y., Jia D., Wang Y. Biomimetic apatite deposited on microarc oxidized anatase-based ceramic coating. Ceram Int. 2008. 34. 1139–1144 (in Eng.). 4 Yanovska, A., Kuznetsov, V., Stanislavov, A., Danilchenko, S., Sukhodub, L.: Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite-based coatings for medical implants obtained on chemically modified Ti6Al4V substrates. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2011. 205. 5324–5329 (in Eng.). 5 Montazeri, M., Dehghanian, C., Shokouhfar, M., Baradaran, A. Investigation of the voltage and time effects on the formation of hydroxyapatite-containing titania prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation on Ti–6Al–4V alloy and its corrosion behavior. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2011. 257. 7268–7275 (in Eng.). 6 Biokompozity na osnove kaltsij-phosphatnykh pokrytij, B63 nanostrukturnykh i ultramelkozernistykh bioinertnykh metallov, i ikh biosovmestimost i biodegradatsia (Biocomposites based on calcium-phosphate coatings, B63 nanostructured and ultrafine-grained bioinert metals, their biocompatibility and biodegradation) Pod red. (Editorship) N. Z. Lyakhov. Tomsk: Izdatelskij dom Tomskogo gos. Univer. (Tomsk State University Publishing House). 2014. 596 (in Russ.). 7 Iliyn А. А., Kolachev B. А., Polkin I. S. Titanovye splavy. Sostav, struktura, svojstva. (Titanium alloys. Composition, structure, properties.) Moscow: VILS-MATI. 2009. 520. (in Russ.). 8 Yerokhin, A.L., Nie, X., Leyland, A., Matthews, A. Characterisation of oxide films produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2000. 130, 195–206 (in Eng.). 9 Shashkina G. А. Poluchenie kaltsij-phosphatnogo pokrytia mikrodugovym metodom. Struktura i svojstva biokompozita na osnove titana c kaltsij-phosphatnymi pokrytiami (Obtaining of calcium-phosphate coating by microarc method. Structure and properties of a biocomposite based on titanium with calcium phosphate coatings) dis…. kand. tekhn. nauk. (Thesis for Cand. Tech. Sci.). Tomsk Polytechnic University. Tomsk. 2006. 184 (in Russ.). 10 Nazorenko N.N., Kniazeva A. G. Modelirovanie protsessov v elektroliticheskoj vanne pro nanesenii kaltsij-phosphatnyh pokrytij na titanovuyu plastinu mikrodugovym metodom (Modeling of processes in an electrolytic bath during the deposition of calcium-phosphate coatings on a titanium plate by a microarc method) Matematicheskoe modelirovanie=Math modeling. 2009. 21(1). 92–110 (in Russ.). 11 Suminov I.V., Epelfeld A.V., Lyudin V.B., Krit B.L., Borisov A.M. Mikrodugovoe oksidirovanie (teoria, tekhnologia, oborudovanie) (Microarc oxidation (theory, technology, equipment) Moscow: EhKOMET, 2005. 368 (in Russ.). 12 Jeong Y.H., Kim E.J., Brantley W.A., Choe H.C. Morphology of hydroxyapatite 13 Lee K., Jeong Y.H., Ko Y.M., Choe H.C., Brantley W.A. Hydroxyapatite coating on micropore-formed titanium alloy utilizing electrochemical deposition, Thin Solid Films. 2013. 549.154–158 (in Eng.). 14 Gnedenkov S.V., Sharkeev Yu.P., Sinebryuhov S.L., Hrisanfova О.А., Legostaeva E.V., Zavidnaya А.G., Puz А.V., Hlusov I.А., Kaltsij-phosphatnye bioaktivnye pokrytia na titane (Calcium-phosphate bioactive coatings on titanium) Vestnik DVO RAN = Herald of Far – Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Science. 2010. 5. 47–57 (in Russ.). 15 L. Wang, L. Shi, J. Chen, Z. Shi, L. Ren, Y. Wang, Biocompatibility of Si-incorporated TiO2 film prepared by micro-arc oxidation, Mater. Lett. 2014. 116. 35–38 (in Eng.). 16 K. Venkateswarlu, N. Rameshbabu, D. Sreekanth, M. Sandhyarani, A.C. Bose, V. Muthupandi, et al., Role of electrolyte chemistry on electronic and in vitro electrochemical properties of micro-arc oxidized titania films on Cp Ti, Electrochim. Acta 2013. 105. 468–480 (in Eng.). 17 Patent №2291918 RF. Kaltsij-phosphatnye pokrytie na titane i titanovyh splavah i sposob ego nanesenia (Calcium-phosphate coating on titanium and titanium alloys and method of its application) Shashina G.A., Sharkeev Yu.P., Kolobov Yu.R., Karlov А.V. Publ. 20.01.2007, bul. 2. (in Russ.). 18 Snezhko L.A., Kalinichenko O.A., Misniankin D.А., Sintez phosphatov kaltsia na titane (Synthesis of calcium phosphate on titanium) Ehlektronnaiya obrabotka materialov= Materials electronic processing. 2015. 51(3). 114–119 (in Russ.). |
Title | INFLUENCE OF REGIMES OF PLASMA-ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS ON POROSITY AND MORPHOLOGY OF OXIDE COATING |
Authors | Ramazanova Zh. M., Kirgizbaeva K. J., Zamalitdinova M. G. Tkacheva I. P., Tolesh A. G. |
Author´s information |
Eurasian Gumilev’s National University , Astana, Kazakhstan The National Center of Space Exploration and Technologies, Almaty, The Center for Cosmic Monitoring, Astana, Kazakhstan Ramazanova Zh. M., Cand Chem Sci, associate professor of cathedra of Cosmic Instrumentation and Technology, head of The Center, e-mail: zhanat2005@yandex.kz Kirgizbaeva K. J., Cand Tech. Sci, associate professor of cathedra for standardization and certification Zamalitdinova M. G., senior scientific worker of the Center Tkacheva I. P., Junior scientific worker of the Center Tolesh A. G., undergraduate of cathedra of Cosmic Instrumentation and Technology
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Abstract |
One of the promising methods of surface treatment to obtain wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant coatings is the method of plasma electrolytic anodizing. The oxide coatings formed in the microplasma treatment mode have different porosity and developed surface. The reasons for the formation of porosity and the influence of technological regimes on it are in the initial stage of study. In this paper, we investigated the effect of the duration of the anode pulse, the polarizing voltage of the plasma-electrolytic treatment on the surface porosity of the oxide coating. The porosity of the oxide coating obtained under various process conditions varies from 14 to 21 %. Investigation of the morphology of the coating showed that a change in the duration of the anode pulse from 100 to 250 μm leads to an increase in the average pore diameter from 3.3 to 5.4 μm. According to the calculated data, with increasing thickness of the coating, there is a tendency of reduction in the porosity, the number of pores per unit surface. This trend is associated with the formation of oxide, both at the bottom of the pores due to the substrate, and due to the components of the solution inside and around the pores. All this in combination leads to the filling of pores. When studying the effect of polarizing stress on the porosity, it was found that at a value of 100 V, a thin practically non spherical coating forms. At a voltage of 200 V, coatings are formed with small unevenly distributed pores on the surface. Conducting the process with polarizing voltages of 300 V and 400 V leads to an intensive increase in the thickness of the coating with a developed porous surface. Depending on the purpose of the coating, the porosity can be reduced by introducing into the pores various materials – dyes and polymers. Porosity makes it possible to obtain composite multifunctional coatings and serve as a sublayer for metal and paint coatings on aluminum and its alloys.
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Key words | plasma-electrolytic anodizing, microarc oxidation, oxide coating, morphology, surface porosity |
References |
1 Suminov I.V., Epelfeld A.V., Lyudin V.B., Krit B.L., Borisov A.M. Mikrodugovoe oksidirovanie (teoria, tekhnologia, oborudovanie) (Microarc oxidation (theory, technology, equipment) Moscow: EhKOMET, 2005. 368 (in Russ.) 2 Yerokhin A. L., Nie X., Leyland А., Matthews А. Plasma electrolysis for surface engineering . Surf. Coat. Technol. 1999. 122, 73-93. (in Eng.) 3 Ramazanova Zh.M., Mamaev А.I. Poluchenie iznosostojkikh, funktsional’nykh oksidnykh pokrytij na splavakh alyuminiya metodom mikrodugovogo oksidirovaniya. (Durable functional oxide coatings obtaining on aluminium alloys by method of micro-arc oxidation). Fizika i khimiya obrabotki materialov = Physics and Chem. of materials treatment. 2002. 2. 67-69. (in Russ.) 4 Ovundur M., Muhaffel F., Cimenoglu H. Characterization and tribological properties of hard anodized and micro arc oxidized 5754 quality aluminum alloy. Tribology in Industry. 2015. 37, 1. 55-59. (in Eng.) 5 Budnitskaya Yu.Yu., Mamaev А.I., Mamaeva V.А., Vybornova S.N. Issledovanie vliyaniya rezhimov formirovaniya anodno-oksidnykh pokrytij na ikh poristost’. (Investigation of anode-oxide coatings formation modes influence on their porosity) Perspektivnye materialy = Prospective materials. 2002. 3. 48-55 (in Russ.) 6 Saltykov S.А. Stereometricheskaya metallografiya (Stereometrical metallography). Moscow: Metallurgy. 1970, 375. (in Russ.). 7 Mamaev А.I., Mamaeva V.А. Sil’notochnye protsessy v rastvorakh ehlektrolitov (High-current processes in solutions of electrolytes). Novosibirsk: SORАN. 2005. 255. (in Russ.) 8 Devyatkina T.I., Spasskaya M.M., Moskvichev А.N., Rogozhin V.V., Mikhalenko M.G. Аnodnoe oksidirovanie alyuminiya i ego splavov dlya polucheniya kachestvennykh gal’vanicheskikh pokrytij (Aluminium and its alloys anode oxidation for quality galvanic coatings obtaining). Vestn. nizhegorodskogo univer. im. N.I. Lobachevskogo = Herald of N.I. Lobachevskij’s Nizhny Novgorod University. 2013. 4(1). 109-114. (in Russ.) |
METAL SYSTEMS INVESTIGATION
Title | IMPROVEMENT OF METHODOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT FOR DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN permeability OF THIN FLAT METALLIC MEMBRANES |
Authors | Panichkin A.V., Derbisalin A. M., Dzhumabekov D.M., Alibekov Zh.Zh., Imbarova A.T. (Аlmaty) |
Author´s information |
Institute of metallurgy and ore benefication, Lab of Materials Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan Kazakh National Research Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan Panichkin A.V., Cand Tech. Sci, acting head of lab., e-mail: abpanichkin@mail.ru Derbisalin A. M., Junior scientific worker Dzhumabekov D.M., engineer Alibekov Zh.Zh., technician Imbarova A.T., Junior scientific worker
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Abstract |
The paper describes an improved technique for determining the hydrogen permeability of flat thin metal membranes, which makes it possible to exclude the use of mass spectrometry during measurements. The technique is distinguished by the use of large-area membranes (78.5 ∙ 10-4 m2), which makes it possible to measure both large and small gas flows using a combined method. The method of thermal conversion of the mass flow of gas into an electrical signal using calibrated flowmeters with an error of ± 0, 9% measures limiting flows with a velocity of 0.36 dm3 / h or more. By the volumetric method, by determining the interval for the escape of hydrogen bubbles from the capillary, the limiting fluxes up to 30 mm3 / s are determined. The advantage of using a large area membrane is the ability to determine the life of the membrane and the nature of its deformation during dilatation. The paper describes the developed equipment for determination of hydrogen permeability at temperatures up to 650 ° C and pressure up to 1 MPa. The equipment includes a furnace with a retort and a heated membrane holder, a module for vapor conversion of gaseous hydrocarbons and a gas drying module. It is equipped with safety systems that ensure the release of excess pressure and shut off the electric power supply of the furnace in the event that the temperature exceeds a predetermined value. The equipment is universal and allows measuring hydrogen permeability using both pure hydrogen and various gas mixtures under conditions of isothermal maintenance, smooth reduction and cyclic temperature change. It is characterized by the convenience of mounting the membrane in the holder and holder in the camera. The sequence of work with the developed equipment is resulted.
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Key words | hydrogen permeability, thin metal membranes, chamber furnace, modular plant, gas mixtures, niobium and tantalum membranes, diffusion-alloyed, composite membranes |
References |
1 Miller C.L., Cicero D.C., Ackiewicz M., Hydrogen from Coal Program: Research Development and Demonstration Plan for the Period 2007 Through 2016. Washington: The United States Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory. 2007. 225. (in Eng.). 2 Alimov V.N., Busnyuk A.O., Notkin M.E.,Peredistov E.Yu., Livshits A.I. Hydrogen transport through V–Pd alloy membranes: Hydrogen solution, permeation and diffusion. Journal of Membrane Science . 2015. 481. 54–62. (in Eng.). 3 Beckman I. N., Romanenko O. G., Tajibaeva I. L., Shestakov V. P. Complex investigation of gas diffusion processes in vacuum technology materials. 1. automatically-controlled plant for study of hydrogen permeability of metals with simultaneous diagnostics of membrane material. Vacuum Physical and Technology. 1993. 1. 1. 43–51. (in Eng.). 4 Bekman I.N., Gabis I.E.,.Kompaniets T.N, Kurdyumov A.A., Myasnikov V.N. Issledovanie vodorodopronitsaemosti v tekhnologii proizvodstva izdelij ehlektronnoj tekhniki (Investigation of hydrogen permeability in the technology of production of electronic products) Mosсow: TsNII Electronics, 1985. 7. 66. (in Russ.). 5 Bekman I.N. Sorbtsionnyj metod (Sorption method). Radiokhimiya =Radiochemistry. 1983. 25. 2. 252-261.(in Russ.). 6 Bekman I.N., Shvyiryaev A.A. Desorbtsionnyj metod. (Desorption method). Radiokhimiya= Radiochemistry .1987. 29. 3. 377-384. (in Russ.). 7 Bekman I.N. Avtoradiograficheskij variant metoda pronitsaemosti (Auto-radiographic variant of the permeability method). Radiokhimiya = Radiochemistry . 1981. 23.5.760-766. (in Russ.). 8 Beckman I.N., Balek V. Diagnostics of gas separated membranes using inert gas probe methods. International congress on membrane and membrane processes: Proceedings of the cong. Tokyo, Japan, 1987. 524. (in Eng.). 9 Brusentsov V.P., Kuranov V.V., Brusentsov A.V. Issledovanie vodorodopronitsaemosti nekotorykh materialov tverdooksidnykh toplivnykh ehlementov (Investigation of the hydrogen permeability of some solid oxide fuel cell materials). Tverdooksidnyje toplivnyie element (Solid oxide fuel cells). Snezhinsk: RFYaTs-VNIITF, 2003, 223-232. (in Russ.). 10 Gordienko Yu.N., Kulsarov T.V., Zaurbekova Zh.A., Ponkratov Yu.V., Gnyirya V.S., Nikitenkov N.N. Primenenie metoda vodorodopronitsaemosti v reaktornyih eksperimentah po issledovaniyu vzaimodeystviya izotopov vodoroda s konstruktsionnyimi materialami (Application of the method of hydrogen permeability in reactor experiments to study the interaction of hydrogen isotopes with structural materials). Izvestiya Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta= Bulletin of Tomsk Polytechnic University. 2014. 324, 2. 149-162. (in Russ.)11 Peachey N.M., Snow R.C., Dye R.C. Composite Pd/Ta metal membranes for hydrogen separation. Journal of Membrane Science. 1996. 11, 123-133 (in Eng.).12 Dolan M.D. Non-Pd BCC alloy membranes for industrial hydrogen separation. Journal of Membrane Science 2010. 362, 12–28. (in Eng.). 13 Gazosnabzhenie dlya tekhnologicheskogo i analiticheskogo oborudovaniya (Gas supply for technological and analytical equipment) http://www.eltochpribor.ru/pdf/Cat2011_0202_MFC.pdf (date of access 04.05.2017). (in Russ.)14 Kolshaev B.А. Vodorodnaya khrupkost metalla (Hydrogen brittleness of metal) – Мoscow: Metallurgy. 1985. 215. (in Russ.) |
ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES INVESTIGATION
Title |
ELECTROCHEMICAL LEACHING OF REFRACTORY SULFIDE ORE WITH AN APPLICATION OF THE SULPHUR–GRAPHITE ELECTRODE
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Authors |
Berkinbayeva A.N., Dosymbayeva Z.D., Sharipov R.Kh., Zheksembiyeva B. T. (Almaty)
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Author´s information |
Kazakh-British Technical University, Lab for Testing of Perspective Materials and Technologies, Almaty, Kazakhstan Berkinbayeva A.N., Cand Tech.Sci, acting head of the lab., head of Calibration Lab, e-mail: ainur_kbk@mail.ru Dosymbayeva Z.D., scientific worker Sharipov R.H., doctoral student, junior scientific worker
Kazakh State Women’s Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Zheksembiyeva B. T., master of Pedagogy sci., lecturer
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Abstract |
The article presents results of the study on extraction of non-ferrous and precious metals from refractory sulphide ores using sulphur- graphite material as a source for obtaining the leaching agent. To conduct experiments, sulphur- graphite electrode was made containing 65 % sulphur. It is found that under the anodic polarization of sulphur- graphite electrode in a solution of sodium hydroxide, sulphide ore is well-opened with selective gold recovery. Among the non-ferrous metals, the following are passing into the solution: copper, manganese, chromium and zinc in minor amounts. The optimal process parameters: current density i – 180 A/m2, the concentration of sodium hydroxide – 1.0 M – 2.0 M, stirring the solution at a speed of 480 rev/min. Under cathodic polarization of sulphur- graphite electrode, gold, copper, manganese, chromium and zinc extracted well into the solution. Thus, the leaching in the presence of sulphur- graphite electrode in a solution of sodium hydroxide allows to combine the preparation of the leaching agent and recovering of non-ferrous and precious metals from ores in a single reactor volume. Moreover, the use of sulphur-graphite electrode allows gradual leaching in a single reactor. In the first step of under anodic polarization of sulphur- graphite electrode, an extraction of gold in the solution occurs. After replacing a solution, which is rich in gold, with the fresh sodium hydroxide solution, extraction of non-ferrous metals can be carried out (copper, manganese, chromium and zinc) by cathodic polarization of sulphur- graphite electrode. Electro leaching is carried out with high efficiency at relatively low temperatures, which saves energy and expensive reagents in the organization of technological processes.
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Key words | electrochemical leaching, noble and non-ferrous metals, the electrode extraction degree |
References |
1 Chanturiya V.A., Fedorov A.A., Chekushina T.V., Zverev I.V., Zubenko A.V. Ehlektrohimicheskaya intensifikatsiya protsessa vskrytiya upornykh zolotosoderzhashchikh rud (Electrochemical intensification of the process of opening refractory gold ores) Gornyj zhurnal = Mining Journal. 1997. 10. .51-55. (in Russ.) 2 Yashina G.M., Sitnikova N.K., Kostareva M.A. Izyskanie netoksichnyh rastvoritelej dlya vyshhelachivaniya blagorodnyh metallov iz nekondicionnyh rud (The search of non-toxic solvents to leach precious metals from sub-standard ores). Tsvetnaya metallurgiya = Non-Ferrous Metals. 1992. 6. 35-39. (in Russ.) 3 Chanturiya V.A., Fedorov A.A., Bunin I.Zh., Chekushina T.V., Zubenko A.V. Izmenenie strukturnogo sostoyaniya poverhnosti pirita i arsenopirita pri ehlektrokhimicheskom vskrytii upornykh zolotosoderzhashchikh rud (Changing the structural condition of the surface of pyrite and arsenopyrite in electrochemical opening of refractory gold ores) Gornyj zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2000. 2. 24-27. (in Russ.) 4 Shepot’ev J.U., Kutorin V.I., Natoshhinskij V.I., Sedel’nikova G.V., Stefanovich V.V. Mineral’noe syr’e. Zoloto (Minerals. Gold). Spravochnik (Directory) Moscow: Geoinformatika. 1998. 210. (in Russ.) 5 Aylmore M.G., Muir D.M. Thiosulfate leaching of gold. Minerals Engineering. 2001. 14. 135-174. (in Eng.) 6 Radomskaya V.I., Loseva O.V., Radomskij S.M. Primenenie tiomocheviny dlya kontsentrirovaniya zolota iz vtorichnogo syr’ya (The use of thiourea for concentrating gold recycled). Vestnik DVO RAN = Bulletin Far East Branch of RAS. 2004. 1. 80-86. (in Russ.) 7 Medkov M.A., Krysenko G.F., Jepov D.G., Judakov A.A. Pererabotka tehnogennogo zolotosoderzhashhego syr’ya (Processing of technogenic gold ores). Vestnik DVO RAN = Bulletin Far East Branch of RAS. 2010. 5. 75-79. (in Russ.) 8 Pat. 17771 RK. Sposob izgotovleniya sero-grafitovogo ehlektroda (A method for manufacturing a sulphur-graphite electrode). Baeshov A.B., Mamyrbekova A., Omarova A.K., Baeshova S.A., Kapsalyamov B.A. Opubl. 09.03.2004, 9. (in Russ.) |
INORGANIC MATERIALS FROM MINERALS
Title |
SORPTION OF CHROMIUM (VI) IONS BY NANOSTRUCTURED COMPLEX SORBENT BASED ON BENTONITE CLAY AND WASTE FROM MINERAL WOOL PRODUCTION
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Authors | Adryshev A. K., Seraya N. V., Daumova G. K., Khajrullina A. A., Bajgazinov D.T. (Ust-Kamenogorsk) |
Author´s information |
D. Serikbaev’s East Kazakhstan State Technical University, Ust Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan Adryshev A. K., Doctor Tech. Sci, professor Seraya N. V., Cand. Chem. Sci., associate professor of Cathedra for chemistry, metallurgy and benefication, e-mail: NSeraya@mail.ru Daumova G. K., Cand. Tech. Sci., associate professor of the cathedra Khajrullina A. A., Cand. Tech. Sci., associate professor of Building cathedra Bajgazinov D.T., technology master, lecturer of the cathedra
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Abstract | In the present work, highly effective, accessible nanostructured complex sorbents (NSCS) possessing microporosity, high dispersity and high sorption ability and a low-waste method for their production using bentonite clay of Taganskoye deposit and wastes of mineral wool production are proposed. It has been experimentally established that mechanoactivation makes it possible to obtain a complex sorbent with nanoscale particles and a highly developed surface. At the same time, favorable conditions for mechanical dispersion are created in the presence of water and milling intensifier – waste products of mineral wool. Based on the results of a study of the sorption of chromium (VI) ions from model solutions (C (Cr (VI)) = 0.5-1.5 mg/dm3), the NSCC provides a high degree of purification from chromium (VI) ions. Already in the first 30 minutes, sorption under static conditions proceeds at a high rate. The equilibrium value of the sorption for chromium (VI) ions on the complex sorbent averages 96-99 % of its limiting value for ~ 0.5 h. From the sorption isotherm characterizing the dependence of the sorption capacity on the concentration of the sorbed component at a constant temperature for the liquid phase, Basic information is obtained on the sorption properties of NSCC based on bentonite clay and wastes of mineral wool production and on the character of the adsorption of chromium (VI) ions on it. Nanostructured complex sorbent can be used to solve the problem of wastewater treatment of industrial enterprises from chromium (VI) ions. |
Key words | nanostructured complex sorbent, bentonite clay, wastes of mineral wool production, sorption, mechanical activation, chromium ions |
References |
1 Smirnov A.D. Sorbtcionnaya ochistka vody (Sorption Purification of Water). Moscow: Khimiya. 1982. 168. (in Russ.). 2 Lebedev I.A., Komarov L.F. Sovershenstvovanie sistem ochistki vody s ispolzovaniem perpektivnykh filtrovalnykh materialov. (The Improvement of Water Purification Systems by the Means of the Perspective Filter Materials). Prirodnye i intellektualnye resursy Sibiri (SIBRESURS-9-2003): dokl 9-oj mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. (Natural and Intellectual Resources of Siberia (SIBRESOURCE-9-2003): reports of the 9th Internation. Sci. Pract. Conf.) Tomsk, Russia. 2003. 52-54(in Russ.). 3 Lebedev I.A., Komarov L.F., Kondratyuk E.V. Ochistka zhelezosoderzhashchikh vod filtrovaniem cherez voloknistye materialy. (Purification of Iron-Containing Water by Filtration through the Fibrous Materials) Polzunivskij vestnik. Obshchaya i prikladnaya khimiya. Ehkologiya. = Polzunov Herald. General and Applied Chemistry. Ecology. 2004. 4, 171-176 (in Russ.). 4 Innov. Pat. 29595 RK. Sposob polucheniya filtrovalno-sorbtsionnogo materiala (Method of Filter-Sorption Material Obtaining). Daumova G.K.,Adryshev A.K., Hayrullina A.A., Lopukhov U.V.; 16.03.2015, 3. (in Russ.). 5 Adryshev A.K., Seraya N.B., Hayrullina A.A., Daumova G.K. Ehkologicheskiye aspecty ispolzovaniya compleksnykh sorbentov v ochistke stochnykh vod (Echological Aspects of the Complex Sorbents Use for Wastewater Purification). Vestnyk KazNU im. Al-Farabi = Al-Farabi KazNU Herald. 2015, 3 (45). 54-60 (in Russ.). 6 Mezhgosudarstvennyj standart (International Standard) GOST 31956-2012. Voda. Metody opredeleniya soderzhaniya khroma (VI) i obshchego khroma (ISO 9174:1998, MOD; ISO 11083:1994, MOD; ISO 18412:2005, MOD). (Water. Methods for Chromium (VI) and Total Chromium Content Determination). Moscow: Standartinform. 2014 42 (in Russ.). 7 Sing K.S.W., Everett D.H., Haul R.A.W., Moscou L., Pierotti R.A., Rouquérol J., Siemieniewska T. Reporting physic sorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity. Pure Appl. Chem. 1985. 57. 603-619 (in Eng.). |
INDUSTRIAL WASTE UTILIZATION
Title |
BEHAVIOR OF TUVA CLAYS MIXTURES WITH SLIME AND CAKE OF DEARSENATION FROM KHOVU-AKSY DUMPS DURING ROASTING
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Authors | Kopylov N. I., Solotchina E. P., Shoeva T. E. (Novosibirsk, Russia) |
Author´s information |
Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Kopylov N.I., Doctor Tech. Sci., leading scientific worker, e-mail: kolyubov@narod.ru
V.S. Sobolev’s Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Solotchina E. P., Doctor Geol.-mineral. Sci., leading scientific worker State Architecture and Construction University, Novosibirsk, Russia Shoeva T. E., Cand. Tech. Sci., associate professor of the cathedra for Building Materials and Special Tech. |
Abstract |
The article presents the data on the studies of phase transformations in the mixtures of clays from the Krasnoyarsk and Sukpak deposits of Tuva with the sludge of the Khovu-Aksy dump and the cake of its dearsenation. It is shown that when mixtures of clays with cake are heated, phase changes occur due to the gradual decomposition of silicates with the removal of various types of moisture, and also by decomposition of carbonates with СО2 emission. In this case, active amorphous oxides are released which, at high temperatures, can form new structures such as spinel, mullite, and plagioclase. Some differences in the composition of clay from the Krasnoyarsk deposit in comparison with clay from the Sukpak deposit promote an enhancement of the technological properties of the former. Cake from dearsenation contains, along with silicate components, also sodium-magnesium silicate, which may promote the formation of readily melting structures in the formed multicomponent system. The cake is almost free from arsenic, which makes it possible to use it as an initial technogenic raw material for the production of various types of building materials and ceramic products. In the composition of sludge, an arsenic-containing compound of the group of vivianites was detected. It is parasimplesite, Fe3(AsO4).8H2O; it decomposes when the mixtures are heated, interacts with CaO and forms a new compound – johnbraumite Ca5(AsO4)3(OH). If this compound is present in rather high concentration (about 13 %) in the sludge, the use of the sludge in ceramic production may be decided only after special investigation.
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Key words | clays, sludge, dearsenation cake, thermal analysis, X-ray phase analysis, silicates, aluminosilicates, amorphous oxides |
References |
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