Title: Aluminum-lithium alloys: types, properties, application, and production technologies. Overview
Authors: Ablakatov I.K., Baiserikov B.M., Ismailov M.B., Nurguzhin M.R.
Abstract: The article provides a brief overview of the aluminum industry development in Kazakhstan and the possibility of obtaining high-strength structural aluminum-lithium alloys. The country's enterprises produce aluminum of technical purity and aluminum alloys of low and medium strength of 6060, 6063, 6463, 6082, AK5M2, ADS-12, AD-31, AD-35, which are available materials for the construction industry. In Kazakhstan, there is progressive development of mechanical engineering which requires stronger alloys of 300-400 MPa, and for special engineering (defense, aerospace, and other advanced industries) - strengths above 415 MPa. High-strength structural aluminum alloys are based on Al-Cu-Mg, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu, Al-Li systems. Among these systems, relatively new Al-Li alloys are of great interest, having a great potential for further improvement of characteristics. The Al-Li system alloys with record-high specific strengths, corrosion-resistant, and good welded joints are widely used in the aerospace industry, where they are used for the production of power elements and housings. The article provides an overview of the known aluminum-lithium alloys, as well as the main technological stages of their production.
Keywords: alloy, aluminum, lithium, magnesium, zirconium, strength, technology.
Cite this article as: Ablakatov IK, Baiserikov BM, Ismailov MB, Nurguzhin MR. Aluminum-lithium alloys: types, properties, application, and technology of production. Review. Kompleksnoe Ispol’zovanie Mineral’nogo Syr’a = Complex Use of Mineral Resources 2022;4(323):5-14. https://doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.34
Title: Porous composite material based on liquid glass
Abstract: The article presents the results of experimental studies of a composite material obtained on the basis of liquid glass and mineral fillers of technogenic origin. The structure of the composite material is formed by porous granules bonded with a liquid-glass matrix. The porous filler is synthesized from a mixture of liquid glass and combined filler (cullet, flake overburden, coal mining waste, and ash microsphere). Regulation of composition and content of the filler in the raw mixture ensures porous granules production with a bulk density of 270 – 330 kg/m3. Analysis of mathematical models reflecting the dependence of the density and strength of the composite material on the composition of the moulding mixture allowed us to establish a reasonable ratio between the liquid glass and the filler, the matrix, and the porous filler. Optimal proportions of the composite material are characterized by a density of 450 – 600 kg/m3and compressive strength of at least 5.5 MPa. Strong adhesion of the liquid-glass matrix to the surface of the porous filler ensures the resistance of the composite material to diverse effects. The structure of the materials was studied by electron microscopy. The development of composite material is aimed at improving the energy efficiency of construction.
Keywords: composite material, liquid glass, technogenic filler, porous granules, lightweight concrete.
Cite this article as: Miryuk OA. Porous composite material based on liquid glass. Kompleksnoe Ispol’zovanie Mineral’nogo Syr’a = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2022; 323(4):15-22. https://doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.35
Title: Analysis of Existing Technologies for Depletion of Dump Slags of Autogenous Melting
Authors: Kenzhaliyev B.K., Kvyatkovskiy S.A., Dyussebekova M.A., Semenova A.S., Nurhadiyanto D.
Abstract: Pyro-metallurgy of copper production is characterized by the output of copper slag, which is regarded as a kind of solid waste. Moreover, this slag is identified as hazardous because it contains impurities, like Pb, As, and Cu. Obtaining dump slags in autogenous processes does not always meet the requirements of effective technologies, most often slags contain more than 1.0% of copper and need to be depleted. This work is presented a brief analysis of existing technologies used for copper slag depletion. The analysis of the existing technologies for the depletion of autogenous smelting dump slags showed that the most promising option seems to be the depletion of copper slags in one PV unit since by improving the process itself, by changing the unit design, it is possible to achieve technologically complete production of matte and dump slag with low copper content. There were proposed two technologies of improvement: electro-heating of slag siphon using the graphite electrodes and depletion process in two-zone PV furnace.
Keywords: Copper slag, reduction treatment, depletion, slag siphon, two-zone Vanyukov furnace.
Cite this article as: Kenzhaliyev BK, Kvyatkovskiy SA, Dyussebekova MA, Semenova AS, Nurhadiyanto D. Analysis of Existing Technologies for Depletion of Dump Slags of Autogenous Melting. Kompleksnoe Ispol’zovanie Mineral’nogo Syr’a = Complex Use of Mineral Resources 2022;323(4):23-29. https://doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.36
Title: Additive for improving the quality of foam concrete made on the basis of micro silica and quicklime
Authors: Lukpanov R.E., Dyussembinov D.S., Yenkebayev S.B., Yenkebayeva A.S., Tkach E.V.
Abstract: The article presents studies of the use of plasticizing additives in combination with fine aggregate (microsilica) and CaOH quicklime for the production of foam concrete. The research will determine the effect of plasticizing additives and active fillers on the properties of foam concrete during their production. The main issue in the production of foam concrete is the time of setting, as their increase leads to shrinkage of foam concrete mixture and as a consequence of the uneven structure of the material. Therefore, the use of plasticizer additives in the production of foam concrete is not recommended. Plasticizer, as a surface-active substance, increases the setting time of the cement binder. However, examining the features of micro silica in combination with caustic lime and plasticizer was found to reduce the time setting. Laboratory studies have shown that the use of these components will produce foam concrete with the projected density, with a uniformly distributed pore structure, high strength, and frost resistance. According to the results of the study, the influence of the number of additives components on the qualitative characteristics of foam concrete was determined, and the optimal composition of the components, plasticizer additives, micro silica, and caustic lime was selected.
Keywords: Concrete maturity, surface strength, shock-pulse method, operational control, sensor.
Cite this article as: Lukpanov RE, Dyussembinov DS, Yenkebayev SB, Yenkebayeva AS, Tkach EV. Additive for improving the quality of foam concrete made on the basis of micro silica and quicklime. Kompleksnoe Ispol’zovanie Mineral’nogo Syr’a = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2022;4(323):30-37. https://doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.37
Title: Thermophysical properties of synthetic slags of the FeO – MnO – CaO – Al2O3 –– SiO2 system
Authors: Yessengaliyev D.A., Baisanov A.S., Dossekenov M.S., Kelamanov B.S., Almabekov D.M.
Abstract: In the electrometallurgy of manganese alloys, viscosity has an important effect on the production indicators from the physicochemical properties of slag. During the smelting of manganese alloys, the main amount of heat spent on reduction reactions is released due to the current passing through the liquid slag phase, since the resistance of the latter, depending on the composition, affects the completeness of the reduction of manganese from melts. In the case of refined ferromanganese by the silicothermic method, the vast majority of silicon of silicomanganese is refined with higher manganese oxides or it is burned out due to oxygen in the air. The paper presents the results of thermophysical properties of slags representing the FeO - MnO - CaO - Al2O3 - SiO2 system. Laboratory experiments were carried out on synthetic slags by varying the slag basicity CaO / SiО2 = 1.5 - 1.9 and the concentration of Al2O3 = 5 - 15%. As a result, graphs of the dependence of these properties on temperature values are constructed, the activation energies of the viscous flow are calculated and the phase compositions of the experimental slags are determined using a mathematical model of the diagram of the FeO - MnO - CaO - Al2O3 - SiO2 system. Thus, an increase in the concentration of aluminum oxide against its usual level, changing the basicity of the slag, significantly affected the physicochemical properties of the slag and thereby contributes to the adjustment of the parameters of the electric melting process. At the same time, it is advisable to study the interaction of some Physical chemical properties of slags on the melting conditions of manganese ferroalloys in relation to the composition of slags.
Keywords: viscosity, slags of manganese alloys, crystallization temperature, activation energy, phase composition.
Cite this article as: Yessengaliyev DA, Baisanov AS, Dossekenov MS, Kelamanov BS, Almabekov DM. Thermophysical properties of synthetic slags of the FeO – MnO – CaO – Al2O3 –– SiO2 system. Kompleksnoe Ispol’zovanie Mineral’nogo Syr’a = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2022;323(4):38-45. https://doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.38
Title: Promising methods for hydrometallurgical processing of copper slag
Authors: Kurmangaliyev D.B., Abdulina S.A., Mamyachenkov S.V.
Abstract: Metals are important in many modern industries. Due to the depletion of their natural resource base, it is necessary to adapt, which means developing new and optimizing existing methods of extraction of valuable components from ore materials. Only comprehensive processing of copper metallurgical slags will solve the problem of resource recovery and the creation of low-waste technology, which has great economic, environmental, and social importance. Hydrometallurgical technologies take into account the specific conditions of the system and the physical and chemical properties of metals when developing and selecting the method of extraction. This article provides a review of the current state and prospects of development technologies used for base metal extraction by leaching with the use of inorganic acids and environmentally safe reagents, the methods are conditionally divided into two groups. The listed studies have made a significant contribution to solving the problem of processing metallurgical slags, however, none of the technologies has gone beyond the scope of laboratory and semi-industrial tests. Noted a tendency to reduce the concentrations of leaching agents by certain pre-treatment of raw material, as well as the transition to ubiquitously use "green technologies": such as bioleaching and organic acid leaching. Directions are suggested to solve the problem of rational use of raw materials and increase the sustainability of the future material cycle.
Keywords: hydrometallurgy, metallurgical slag, leaching, organic acid, bioleaching.
Cite this article as: Kurmangaliyev DB, Abdulina SA, Mamyachenkov SV. Perspektivnyye metody gidrometallurgicheskoy pererabotki mednykh shlakov. Kompleksnoe Ispol’zovanie Mineral’nogo Syr’a = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2022; 4(323):46-50. https://doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.39
Title: Studying the characteristics of iodine sorption in synthetized ion-exchangers
Authors: Konyratbekova S.S., Baikonurova A.O., Usoltseva G.A., Surimbayev B.N., Eskalina K.T.
Abstract: Iodine is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals due to its important role as a component of thyroid hormones. Kazakhstan is a country, most regions of which suffer from a natural deficiency of iodine. At the same time, the country has a rich resource base for obtaining iodine and its compounds. These are formation waters of oil fields under development containing 0.001–0.005% iodine. To extract iodine from natural oil-field brines, we have proposed ion-exchange materials obtained from the waste of the oil refining industry. The article presents the results of studying the characteristics of iodine sorption in the synthesized ion exchangers. The synthesis of ion exchangers was carried out by polycondensation of dihydric phenols (1,3 dioxybenzene, 1,2 dioxybenzene, 1,4 dioxybenzene), hexamethylenediamine, and formaldehyde. The following sorption characteristics of iodine by the synthesized ion exchangers were studied: the influence of the pH of a solution on iodine sorption; kinetic curves of iodine sorption; iodine sorption isotherms; mechanism of iodine sorption. It has been established that the sorption of iodine on the synthesized samples is essentially independent of the pH of a medium, and the degree of its extraction in the entire area under study is 94–100%. Studies have been carried out on the dependence of the degree of extraction and the logarithm of the iodine distribution coefficient on the duration of the process. The sorption capacity of the synthesized ion exchangers with respect to iodine was estimated depending on the structure of the ion exchanger and sorption conditions. It has been established that sorbents based on 1,4 dioxybenzene, which are distinguished by high kinetic abilities and static exchange capacity (SEC = 2283.88 mg/g), are most preferable for iodine extraction. The mechanism of sorption of iodine by synthesized ion exchangers has been determined.
Keywords: iodine sorption, sorption capacity, synthesis of ion exchangers, sorption isotherm, iodide leaching, iodine.
Cite this article as: Konyratbekova SS, Baikonurova AO, Usoltseva GA, Surimbayev BN, Eskalina KT. Studying the characteristics of iodine sorption in synthetized ion-exchangers. Kompleksnoe Ispol’zovanie Mineral’nogo Syr’a = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2022;4(323):51-59. https://doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.40
Title: Investigation of the microstructure of the oil pipeline pipes destroyed as a result of corrosion
Authors: Suleimenova F.E., El Sayed Negim, Sharipov R.H., Suleimenov E.N.
Abstract: It is shown that the complexity of Kazakhstan's oils requires specific ways to protect oil pipelines from damage caused by metal corrosion. Even the presence of only paraffin in oil can cause sedimentation effects in the volume of liquid (Dorn effect). And the complexity in the molecular composition of oil causes electrophoretic impacts that lead to increased corrosion rate. All this should be considered when developing corrosion protection. The physical and mathematical analysis of possible mechanisms of electrophoretic mobility of components with the participation of liquid systems was carried out. In such a system with ions content, the macroscopic object will move as a charged particle having the same charge sign as the skeleton. The triboelectric effects on the metal/organic liquids (oil, fuel oil, etc.) boundary have been analyzed to determine their influence on the corrosion of pipeline metals. There are many methods used for temperature-strength control of reinforced concrete structures globally. Their majority is associated with the significant challenges of being time-consuming, costly, and prone to errors. Therefore, this study investigated the potential applicability of the surface-strength approach of specimens using non-destructive testing methods to derive temperature-strength relationships as an alternative approach to the currently widely used methods.
Keywords: Corrosion, oil pipeline pipes, electrical, conductivity, diesel, fuel.
Cite this article as: Suleimenova FE, El Sayed Negim, Sharipov RH, Suleimenov EN. Investigation of the microstructure of the oil pipeline pipes destroyed as a result of corrosion. Kompleksnoe Ispol’zovanie Mineral’nogo Syr’a = Complex Use of Mineral Resources 2022; 4(323):60-67. https://doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.41
Title: Porosity and non-metallic inclusions in cast iron produced with a high proportion of scrap
Authors: Panichkin A.V., Korotenko R.Yu., Kenzhegulov A.K., Kshibekova B.B., Alibekov Zh.Zh.
Abstract: The work is devoted to the problem of an increase in the proportion of scrap metal in castings smelted and produced from wear-resistant chromium cast irons. Castings obtained with more than 60% of armor scrap and cracked during solidification and subsequent heat treatment were selected as research objects. Castings of similar mill armor after operation characterized with different wear resistance were selected to compare the characteristics of the structure and properties. The composition, structure, amount of non-metallic inclusion and porosity of samples cut from identical places of castings were studied with the help of the methods of optical and scanning microscopy, metallographic analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and measurement of Vickers hardness. The characteristic localization of non-metallic inclusions of various types in the structure of cast iron samples was considered. An increase in the proportion of non-metallic inclusions in cast irons obtained using a high proportion of scrap was found, and it was shown that non-metallic oxide inclusions with a loose structure had the most negative effect. Along with porosity and primary crystals of carbide (CrFe)3Ctheydo not prevent the propagation of cracks caused by internal stresses arising during crystallization and subsequent polymorphic transformations in castings.
Keywords: wear-resistant chromium cast iron, casting, non-metallic inclusions, cracking, structure.
Cite this article as: Panichkin AV, Korotenko RYu, Kenzhegulov AK, Kshibekova BB, Alibekov ZhZh. Porosity and non-metallic inclusions in cast iron produced with a high proportion of scrap. Kompleksnoe Ispol’zovanieMineral’nogoSyr’a = Complex Use of Mineral Resources 2022;323(4):68-76. https://doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.42
Title: Flotation studies of the middling product of lead-zinc ores with preliminary sulfidizing roasting of oxidized lead and zinc compounds
Authors: Chepushtanova T.A., Motovilov I.Yu., Merkibayev Y.S., Polyakov K.V., Gostu S.
Abstract: The development of combined enrichment technologies becomes more significant due to the decreasing of the processed ores quality and involvement in the processing of poor, refractory ores. The difficulty in the flotation enrichment of mixed and oxidized polymetallic ores and intermediate products lies in the effective sulfidization of the surface of oxidized minerals. The sodium sulfide reagent used in flotation does not always provide complete sulfidization of the mineral surface. On the intermediate product of lead-zinc ores related to the phase composition of mixed ores, flotation studies were carried out on the original product and after preliminary sulfidization by the pyro-metallurgical method. It was found that in the pre-sulfidizied product, the extraction of zinc increased to 17.23 %, and lead to 10.07 %, compared with the original product without pre-treatment.
Keywords: lead-zinc ore, phase analysis, sulfidization, yield, content, extraction.
Cite this article as: Chepushtanova TA, Motovilov IYu, Merkibayev YS, Polyakov KV, Gostu S. Flotation studies of the middling product of lead-zinc ores with preliminary sulfidizing roasting of oxidized lead and zinc compounds. Kompleksnoe Ispol’zovanie Mineral’nogo Syr’a = Complex Use of Mineral Resources 2022;323(4):77-84. https://doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.43
Title: Influence of industrial waste on the structure of environmentally friendly cement clinker
Authors: Zhanikulov N.N., Kolesnikov A.S., Taimasov B.T., Zhakipbayev B.Y., Shal A.L.
Abstract: The main problem of cement production is to reduce energy consumption and reduce the amount of greenhouse gases CO2 emitted into the atmosphere. The prerequisite for solving the problem is: the use of man-made waste and unconventional raw materials in the composition of the charge and the reduction of limestone content from 85% to 70-75% as a source of CO2 gas. The article presents the results of the studied technogenic waste and the suitability of non-traditional raw materials such as tefritobazalt, coal mining waste, and lead slag. The chemical and mineralogical composition of the materials and their suitability for obtaining environmentally friendly clinker have been established. The possibility of obtaining cement clinker using low-energy resource-saving technologies is shown. Clinker formation processes in the developed mixtures are completed at a temperature of 1350 °C, which, with the coal contained in the waste, will reduce the consumption of fuel injectors and reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. In the developed low-energy mixtures, the specific consumption of raw materials for obtaining 1 ton of clinker is reduced to 1516-1525 kg, which is significantly lower than in traditional raw mixtures. Alite crystals are large, reaching 100-140 microns. The content of clinker minerals is C3S-57.88%, C2S-18.82%, C3A-6.46% and C4AF-11.61%. Disposal of large-tonnage waste will reduce environmental pollution and improve the environmental situation in the region.
Keywords: clinker, microstructure improvement, waste disposal, temperature reduction, mineralizer.
Cite this article as: Zhanikulov NN, Kolesnikov AS, Taimasov BT, Zhakipbayev BY, Shal AL. Influence of industrial waste on the structure of environmentally friendly cement clinker. Kompleksnoe Ispol’zovanie Mineral’nogo Syr’a = Complex Use of Mineral Resources 2022; 323(4):84-91. https://doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.44
