Title: Analysis of Numeracy Literacy Question Items in Junior High School Mathematics: Analysis using Classical Test Theory

Authors: Zafrullah Z., FitriI A., Gunawan R.N., Nurjanah S., Mutiara E., Laksita G.E. Download the article in PDF

Abstract: Item analysis is an important part of evaluating student performance because it can identify the extent to which the questions can measure students' abilities accurately and fairly. This research aims to analyse Numeracy Literacy questions for 31 students from Class VIII at one of the Junior High Schools in Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta, using interview methods and analysis techniques for levels of difficulty and differences in questions based on gender and overall, with the help of the AnBuSo 8.0 application. The results showed that although the majority of questions were in the "Easy" category and were effective in measuring students' overall abilities, there were differences in the level of difficulty and differential ability of questions between genders, where questions were more effective in differentiating the abilities of male students compared to female students. These findings indicate the need to improve and develop questions to be more fair and equitable in measuring the abilities of students from both gender groups. By taking these differences into account, better question design can improve the accuracy and consistency of evaluations, providing a more accurate picture of students' overall abilities.

Keywords: numeracy literacy, question items, classical theory test, education.

Cite this article as: Zafrullah, Z., FitriI, A., Gunawan, R.N., Nurjanah, S., Mutiara, E., Laksita, G.E. (2025). Analysis of Numeracy Literacy Question Items in Junior High School Mathematics: Analysis using Classical Test Theory. Materials of International Scientific-Practical Internet Conference “Challenges of Science”. Issue VIII, pp. 5-13. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025.01

Title: Mapping Research Trends of TikTok in Education: A Bibliometric Analysis

Authors: Nurjanah S., Ramadhani S., Zafrullah, Seran D.S.F, Rahoetomo R.B., Sandry Rory. Download the article in PDF

Abstract: The popularity of TikTok as a social media platform beloved by the general public enables reaching a broader audience through its engaging interface. The global proliferation of TikTok has transformed it from merely an entertainment platform into a potential educational tool. This study aims to identify research trends related to the use of TikTok in the field of education using bibliometric analysis. Data was obtained from 46 publications obtained from the Scopus database in 2020–2023, which were filtered based on TikTok keywords in the context of education. Data analysis was carried out with the biblioshiny package of the RStudio application. The results showed that publications increased sharply in 2022. Geographically, China and the United States contributed the most. The main keywords included “social networking”, “TikTok”, and “students” representing the research trends on utilising TikTok for learning. The most cited articles indicate TikTok’s potential as an innovative pedagogical tool to increase learners’ engagement and motivation and expand public access to education and health information. Further research was recommended to enrich multidisciplinary perspectives and maximise the benefits of TikTok for learning.

Keywords: bibliometric analysis, education, TikTok.

Cite this article as: Nurjanah, S., Ramadhani, S., Zafrullah, Seran, D.S.F, Rahoetomo, R.B., Sandry Rory. (2025). Mapping Research Trends of TikTok in Education: A Bibliometric Analysis. Materials of International Scientific-Practical Internet Conference “Challenges of Science”. Issue VIII, pp. 14-23. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025.02

Title: Studying the Perspectives and Career Guidance of 8th-grade Students on Science, Physics, and Future Professions through the Integration of Robotics into Physics Education

Authors: Dauleshyar B., Alishev A. Download the article in PDF

Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the perspectives and career guidance of 8th-grade students towards science by integrating robotics into physics education. The research focuses on analyzing students' interest in physics, their mastery of scientific research methods, and their attitudes toward future professions after participating in robotics activities. The study was conducted using a modified version of the TOSRA (Test of Science-Related Attitudes) questionnaire. This questionnaire has proven reliability and validity in studies conducted among secondary school students in Pakistan and was adapted to the context of 8th-grade students in Kazakhstan to explore the effects of integrating robotics into physics education. The findings reveal that incorporating robotics into physics lessons significantly enhances students' interest in the subject and fosters the development of critical thinking and scientific research skills. Additionally, students involved in robotics activities demonstrated a notably higher motivation for choosing future careers, particularly in the fields of engineering, technology, and natural sciences. This study underscores the positive impact of using robotics in physics lessons on students' career orientation and their increased interest in pursuing future careers in scientific and technological domains.

Keywords: robotics, physics education, STEM, student engagement, career orientation, research skills development.

Cite this article as: Dauleshyar, B., Alishev, A. (2025). Studying the Perspectives and Career Guidance of 8th-grade Students on Science, Physics, and Future Professions through the Integration of Robotics into Physics Education. Materials of International Scientific-Practical Internet Conference “Challenges of Science”. Issue VIII, pp. 24-33. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025.03

Title: Developing Digital Competence Among Educational Psychologists: Pedagogical Measurements and Comparative Analysis

Authors: Markhmadova, Zh.K., Kassymova, G.K., Hasyim, A.M. Download the article in PDF

Abstract: Digital competence is an important need in modern education and psychology. In today's rapidly developing educational space, digital competence has become essential for both teachers and students. These competencies include several skills necessary for effective navigation and use of digital technologies in the learning environment. Digital competence includes not only the ability to work with technology but also the ability to critically understand information, collaborate, and use digital tools to solve problems. The ability of educational psychologists to effectively apply modern technologies will improve their professional qualifications and establish effective relationships with students. This article discusses pedagogical criteria and methods for developing the digital competence of educational psychologists. In addition, the article examines the use of digital tools in psychological practice, their effectiveness, and their place in modern education. To compare the levels of digital competence of educational psychologists in Kazakhstan and Finland, pedagogical measurements and methods that can be used to enhance digital competence and support students in this important area, an action plan for educational psychologists is proposed.

Keywords: digital competence, technology, educational psychologist, pedagogical criteria, educational platforms.

Cite this article as: Markhmadova, Zh.K., Kassymova, G.K., Hasyim, A.M. (2025). Developing Digital Competence Among Educational Psychologists: Pedagogical Measurements and Comparative Analysis. Materials of International Scientific-Practical Internet Conference “Challenges of Science”. Issue VIII, pp. 34-45. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025.04

Title: Motivation for Independent Physical Education Classes in Students of Modern Universities

Authors: Yakovleva N.V., Lyzhenkova R.S., Nopembri S., Arpentieva M.R., Kassymova G.K. Download the article in PDF

Abstract: The relevance of the article lies in the need to develop an integrative approach and a model of motivation for the independence of physical education classes among students. The purpose of this article is to conduct a systematic analysis of the motivation for independent physical education classes among students from various professional training areas, and to develop and test recommendations and programs for promoting independent physical education classes among students. The authors formulated an integrative model of motivation for the independence of physical education classes among students and showed the types of motivation. The essence of motivation for independent physical education classes among students is revealed, which consists in the peculiarities of formation, functioning, development and destruction of needs and desires of students about physical education classes and, more broadly, health preservation. Approaches to the study of motivation for independent classes, motives are classified, recommendations are offered, and the most productive directions of research on the problem are highlighted. It is proven that modern students of different professional groups do not have a harmonious and sufficiently multi-level and multi-faceted motivation for independent physical education classes.

Keywords: motivation for independent classes, physical education, types of motives for independent physical education classes, competencies, needs of students, desires of students.

Cite this article as: Yakovleva N.V., Lyzhenkova R.S., Nopembri S., Arpentieva M.R., Kassymova G.K. (2025). Motivation for Independent Physical Education Classes in Students of Modern Universities. Materials of International Scientific-Practical Internet Conference “Challenges of Science”. Issue VIII, pp. 46-60. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025.05

Title: Study of the Ion Dissociation Process during the Reduction of Metal Oxides

Authors: Alybayeva D.Kh., Kenzhaliyev B.K., Dyussebekova M.A., Gemeal A. Download the article in PDF

Abstract: In the present work, an attempt was made to experimentally confirm the possibility of ion dissociation of a metal oxide as one of the stages of the reduction process. Additionally, a solid, nonvolatile reducing agent was employed to investigate the feasibility of a dissociative reduction mechanism. A common feature of all the experiments was the use of a non-contact reduction technique. This experimental approach makes it possible to investigate individual processes occurring on the surfaces of the reductant and the oxide. An essential requirement in this case is the use of low-volatility oxides and reducing agents.

Keywords: ion dissociation; reduction of metal oxides; iron oxide; copper oxide; gas-phase ionization.

Cite this article as: Alybayeva, D.Kh., Kenzhaliyev, B.K., Dyussebekova, M.A., Gemeal, A. (2025). Study of the Ion Dissociation Process during the Reduction of Metal Oxides. Materials of International Scientific-Practical Internet Conference “Challenges of Science”. Issue VII, pp. 61-65. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025.06

Title: Extraction of selenium from substandard non-ferrous metallurgical feedstock

Authors: Trebukhov S., Kenzhaliyev B., Volodin V., Nitsenko A., Linnik X., Trebukhov A. Download the article in PDF

Abstract: In this paper, an innovative process for the extraction of selenium from substandard selenium-containing raw materials obtained at copper smelters is proposed. The process has been tested on an enlarged scale under the developer's conditions and implemented on an industrial scale for the first time in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The implementation of this development has enabled the Republic of Kazakhstan to transition from a country reliant on raw materials to a new level: a country producing high-tech products in demand on all global metal markets. This work was awarded a high Government award in 2025 – the Al-Farabi Prize in Science and Technology.

Keywords: selenium, refining, rough selenium, vacuum distillation, introduction, impurities, purification.

Cite this article as: Trebukhov S., Kenzhaliyev B., Volodin V., Nitsenko A., Linnik X., Trebukhov A. (2025). Extraction of selenium from substandard non-ferrous metallurgical feedstock. Materials of International Scientific-Practical Internet Conference “Challenges of Science”. Issue VIII, pp. 66-69. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025.07

Title: Rhenium and Rare Dispersed Elements: Resource Base, Hydrometallurgical Extraction Pathways, and Advanced Polymer-Based Sorption Technologies

Authors: Baishibekov A., Toylanbai G. Download the article in PDF

Abstract: Rhenium and some trace elements are different from other metals. Their importance comes from the fact that they are used in high-temperature alloys, optoelectronic devices, catalytic systems, and energy technologies. Because they are rare in nature and are often found in small amounts in copper, molybdenum, zinc, and aluminum ores, it is hard to extract them. This depends on how the metallurgical industry works and how much money it makes. This, along with the fact that the quality of the ore is getting worse, has brought to light a wider range of raw materials, such as off-gases, metallurgical dust, coal waste, and spent catalysts. Hydrometallurgical methods are the main ways to extract minerals. They include different combinations of leaching, ion exchange, solvent extraction, and sorption. Polymeric materials, particularly interpolymer hydrogel systems made of polymethacrylic acid and poly-4-vinylpyridine, have become useful for binding perrhenates and trivalent lanthanide ions in the last few years. This is because the interactions between the polymers are controlled and work together in the polymer matrix. These improvements make it possible to extract a wider range of raw materials and open up new ways to selectively extract metals at very low concentrations. This review summarizes information about the geological and anthropogenic resource base, the most common ways to get rhenium and trace elements, and the latest technological advances in processing these materials.

Keywords: rhenium; rare elements; hydrometallurgical extraction; technogenic raw materials; sorption; interpolymer hydrogel systems; ion exchangers; poly (methacrylic acid); poly (4-vinylpyridine); polymer–polymer complexes; sorbent materials; critical metals; resource recovery; microwave-assisted leaching.

Cite this article as: Baishibekov, A., Toylanbai, G. (2025). Rhenium and Rare Dispersed Elements: Resource Base, Hydrometallurgical Extraction Pathways, and Advanced Polymer-Based Sorption Technologies. Materials of International Scientific-Practical Internet Conference “Challenges of Science”. Issue VIII, 2025, pp. 70-74 https://doi.org/10.31643/2025.08

Title: Thermal Decomposition of Mg₂Sn in Vacuum

Authors: Mukangaliyeva A., Volodin V., Trebukhov S., Nitsenko A., Linnik X. Download the article in PDF

Abstract: Vacuum distillation of magnesium is considered one of the practical approaches for processing secondary biodegradable alloys of the Mg–Sn system. The process relies on the difference in the partial vapor pressures of magnesium and tin; however, its accurate description requires an understanding of the thermal behavior of the intermetallic Mg₂Sn phase. In the present work, dimagnesium stannide was synthesized, containing 97.8% of the Mg₂Sn phase and 2.8% Sn. The obtained specimen was used to further investigate the decomposition and possible dissociative evaporation of Mg₂Sn to refine the process parameters of magnesium distillation.

Keywords: biodegradable alloy, dimagnesium stannide, magnesium, tin, dissociation, vacuum, dissociation pressure.

Cite this article as: Mukangaliyeva A., Volodin V., Trebukhov S., Nitsenko A., Linnik X. (2025). Thermal Decomposition of Mg₂Sn in Vacuum. Materials of International Scientific-Practical Internet Conference “Challenges of Science”. Issue VIII, pp. 75-78. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025.09

Title: Assessment of the Possibility of Using Heap Leaching Technology for Processing Gold-Bearing Ore

Authors: Kanaly Ye., Bolotova L., Surimbayev B., Yessengarayev Ye., Akzharkenov M. Download the article in PDF

Abstract: The article presents the results of technological studies conducted to investigate the material composition and determine the effectiveness of the heap leaching process for gold from a technological sample. These studies included laboratory tests and column tests aimed at assessing the possibilities of extracting gold from oxidized ores.

Keywords: heap leaching, gold-bearing ore, percolation, Portland cement, agglomerated ore, cyanidation, column tests.

Cite this article as: Kanaly Ye., Bolotova L., Surimbayev B., Yessengarayev Ye., Akzharkenov M. (2025). Assessment of the Possibility of Using Heap Leaching Technology for Processing Gold-Bearing Ore. Materials of International Scientific-Practical Internet Conference “Challenges of Science”. Issue VIII, pp. 79-84. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025.10

Title: Technology Adoption in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education: Perspectives of the Nigerian University Students

Author: Ugwuanyi Ch.S. Download the article in PDF

Abstract: Since the emergence of the global pandemic in late 2019, the crave for the shift from the traditional mode of teaching to hybrid or remote mode has been on the increase. This paradigm shift, though not bad but has not been easy for developing countries like Nigeria. The extant literature from the developed countries has shown that the integration of technology in teaching and learning has proved to be effective. However, literature on the perspectives of students on technology adoption in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education is scarce in most developing countries, like Nigeria. Thus, adopting a cross-sectional survey research design, this study explored the perspectives of University Students on technology adoption in STEM education. A sample of 90 undergraduates from Nigerian Universities participated in this research. An adopted survey instrument was used for the data collection. This survey measure was properly validated and trial tested with internal consistency reliability indices of (α = .95, .95, and .99) for the three clusters of the it as reported by Oladele et al. (2023). Data were collected through an online survey in which a Google Form link was shared with the students in their respective universities through their WhatsApp platforms. Responses of the participants were properly screened for any missing values before the data analysis. Thereafter, the data were quantitatively analysed applying appropriate statistics. The findings revealed that students had positive perspectives towards the adoption of technology in STEM education. Further, analysis revealed that while students’ perspectives did not differ significantly based on their gender, their perspectives differed significantly (p < .05) based on their age. However, it was found that STEM students do not have a good experience in using Google Forms for taking assessments, with the school providing the data they use to join classes and technical support during online classes. These findings have both policy and practice implications. Thus, the researcher recommends that the appropriate government authority should prioritise adequate provision of ICT facilities to ensure effective adoption of technology in STEM education.

Keywords: STEM, perception, technology, university

Cite this article as: Ugwuanyi, Ch.S. (2025). Technology Adoption in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education: Perspectives of the Nigerian University Students. Materials of International Scientific-Practical Internet Conference “Challenges of Science”. Issue VIII, pp. 85-94. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025.11

Title: Enhancing the Efficiency of Rare Earth Element Recovery from Phosphogypsum by Counter-Current Hydrochloric Acid Leaching

Authors: Yessengaziyev A. M. Karshyga Z. B. Orynbayev B. M. Tastanova A. E. Arynbayev T. M. Download the article in PDF

Abstract: This paper examines a three-stage countercurrent hydrochloric acid leaching of phosphogypsum to enhance the recovery of rare earth elements while simultaneously producing a technologically valuable gypsum product. The phosphogypsum under study has a ΣREE content of 340.53 g/t and consists primarily of CaSO₄·2H₂O dihydrate with minor silicate and phosphate impurities. The countercurrent leaching process is shown to ensure efficient reagent distribution and profound destruction of the gypsum matrix. At a solid: liquid ratio of 1:10, the overall recovery of rare earth elements reaches 88%, while at a solid: liquid ratio of 1:4, it is 82.4%, accompanied by a threefold increase in the ΣREE concentration in the productive solutions. X-ray phase analysis of the residue confirmed that complete removal of calcium sulfate from the solid phase is achieved at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, while at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:4, some sulfate phases are retained. The precipitate that forms during cooling of the solution is represented by CaSO₄·2H₂O and is successfully converted by heat treatment (165°C, 4 h) into the hemihydrate form CaSO₄·0.5H₂O. The strength of the obtained material (5.1 MPa) corresponds to that of G5 gypsum binder. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of three-stage countercurrent leaching and confirm the possibility of comprehensive processing of phosphogypsum, which ensures the production of productive solutions suitable for further sorption or extraction enrichment of rare earth elements, as well as a gypsum residue that meets the requirements of the construction industry.

Keywords: phosphogypsum, rare earth elements, hydrochloric acid leaching, extraction, gypsum binder, phase composition, solution.

Cite this article as: Yessengaziyev, A. M. Karshyga, Z. B. Orynbayev, B. M. Tastanova, A. E. Arynbayev, T. M. (2025). Enhancing the Efficiency of Rare Earth Element Recovery from Phosphogypsum by Counter-Current Hydrochloric Acid Leaching. Materials of International Scientific-Practical Internet Conference “Challenges of Science”. Issue VIII, pp. 95-108. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025.12