Title: Mathematical modeling of sulfuric acid leaching of pyrite cinders after preliminary chemical activation
Authors: Abikak Ye.B., Kenzhaliyev B.K., Retnawati H., Gladyshev S.V., Akcil A.
Abstract: Pyrite cinders, waste products of pyrite concentrate processing by firing to produce sulfuric acid, can serve as raw materials for the extraction of precious, ferrous, and non-ferrous metals. The paper considers the possibilities of obtaining non-ferrous metal concentrate from pyrite cinders by sulfuric acid leaching. This operation is one of the stages in the integrated technology. To increase the extraction of non-ferrous metals during leaching, the method of preliminary chemical activation was used. Chemical activation was carried out in a solution containing 40-120 g/dm3 NaНCO3 at temperatures of 90-230 ° C and a duration of 30-300 minutes. Sulfuric acid leaching of pyrite cinder after activation was carried out in H2SO4 solutions with a concentration of 5-20 % at a temperature of 60 ° C, duration of 30 minutes, and pulp density of 33 %. To determine the optimal conditions for the sulfuric acid leaching of pyrite cinders, a mathematical planning method was used, which allows to assess with a high degree of reliability the influence of the main factors (temperature, pulp density, the concentration of the solution NaHCO3 and duration) and predict an increase in the efficiency of the process by analyzing the numerical values of the regression equations. As a result of sulfuric acid leaching of pyrite cinders after preliminary chemical activation under optimal conditions determined by a mathematical model, the extraction of iron and non-ferrous metals into a solution is 10-15% higher than without activation.
Keywords: pyrite cinders, non-ferrous metals, model, factor, extraction.
Cite this article as: Abikak YeB, Kenzhaliyev BK, Retnawati H, Gladyshev SV, Akcil A. Mathematical modeling of sulfuric acid leaching of pyrite cinders after preliminary chemical activation. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2023;325(2):05-13. https://doi.org/10.31643/2023/6445.12
Title: SwissADME and pkCSM Webservers Predictors: an integrated Online Platform for Accurate and Comprehensive Predictions for In Silico ADME/T Properties of Artemisinin and its Derivatives
Abstract: In vivo ADME analysis is costly, laborious and puts animal lives at danger, whereas in silico ADME analysis is not dangerous, simpler, and quicker. This study will use in silico methodologies from SwissADME and pkCSM as an integrated online platform for precise and complete predictions to determine In Silico ADME/T Properties of Artemisinin and its Derivatives. The studied compounds' structures were converted to canonical SMILES files and then sent to the SwissADME and pkCSM webserver tools, which provide free access to different properties of compounds. A compound's ADME/T characteristics are critical for future study and the results obtained will be of beneficial use for researchers. Additionally, the results of this study give great guidance and show that chemical alterations to the reference molecule artemisinin can enhance its ADMET capabilities. The webservers used in this work are free, and several comparison trials show that pkCSM and SwissADME performed are better than a number of other frequently used methods. The designing or engineering of a novel drug molecule primarily requires knowledge of the features of ADME/T of the new drug compound.
Keywords: SwissADME, artemisinin derivatives, ChemDraw, silico prediction, pkCSM.
Cite this article as: Khaldun M Al Azzam. SwissADME and pkCSM Webservers Predictors: an integrated Online Platform for Accurate and Comprehensive Predictions for in Silico ADME/T Properties of Artemisinin and its Derivatives. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2023;325(2):14-21. https://doi.org/10.31643/2023/6445.13
Title: Study of refractory raw materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Sidorina E.A., Isagulov A.Z., Rabatuly M., Nogaeva K.A.
Abstract: Important aspects of increasing the competitiveness of domestic metallurgy and mechanical engineering are increasing the durability of thermal units and involving non-traditional, cheaper energy resources in production. One of these resources is carbon waste from the aluminum industry - electrode scrap and waste from the carbon lining of electrolyzers. The problem with their use as substitutes for solid fuels (coke coal) in the metallurgical, engineering, and energy industries is fluorine- and alkali-containing salts that impregnate them, destroying the traditional lining of thermal units. The development of effective refractories resistant to fluorine- and alkali-containing corrodents (melts and gases) makes it possible to increase the competitiveness and efficiency of thermal units both through the use of cheaper energy carriers and by increasing the duration of their campaign. An important aspect is the simultaneous disposal of hazardous industrial waste and the reduction of the environmental burden on the ecosphere of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The basis for the development of new refractory materials resistant to fluorine- and alkali-containing corrodents is the analysis of the existing raw material base of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the choice of materials that make it possible to obtain aluminosilicate refractories with increased chemical resistance. In the work, the phase and chemical composition of refractory clays and kaolins of the Republic of Kazakhstan were studied, and their rheological and thermophysical properties were investigated. Selected raw materials for the development of technology for the production of dense aluminosilicate refractory products.
Keywords: aluminosilicate refractories, refractory clays, kaolins, chamotte, plasticity, sintering, open porosity, water absorption.
Cite this article as: Sidorina EA, Isagulov AZ, Rabatuly M, Nogaeva KA. Study of refractory raw materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2023;325(2):22-28. https://doi.org/10.31643/2023/6445.14
Title: Effect of a complex modified additive on the setting time of the cement mixture
Authors: Altynbekova A.D., 1Lukpanov R.E., 1Dyussembinov D.S., 1Askerbekova A.M., 2Tkach E.V.
Abstract: The article presents studies of the effect of a complex modified additive on the setting time of cement paste. The work describes the method of determining the setting time of the cement paste of standard consistency, the selection of the optimal composition of the additive at different percentages of its components, allowing accelerating the setting time. In this work, the authors used a complex modified additive including alkali (caustic soda NaOH), post-alcohol bard (alcohol production waste), and hardening accelerator (gypsum) in different percentages. Performed a comparative study of the effect of additives on changes in setting time. The analysis suggests that the additive in the optimal amount leads to changes in the setting time compared with the reference sample, but within the standards. It is shown that the combined use in the composition of a complex modified additive, having well-compatible mechanisms of their influence on the processes of hydration, setting, and hardening of the cement paste, mutually complements and enhances the effect of each ingredient of the additive. Increasing the concentration of the complex modified additive in the cement paste not only affects the liquefaction process but also reduces the setting time and hardening of the cement paste.
Keywords: cement paste, hardening accelerator, post-alcohol bard, complex modified additive, setting time.
Cite this article as: Altynbekova AD, Lukpanov RE, Dyussembinov DS, Askerbekova AM, Tkach EV. Effect of a complex modified additive on the setting time of the cement mixture. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2023;325(2):29-38. https://doi.org/10.31643/2023/6445.15
Title: Effect of micro-arc oxidation on the properties of aluminum alloy samples
Authors: Ramazanova Zh.M., Zamalitdinova M.G., Baidauletova M.Zh., Kovalenko M.V.
Abstract: Currently, modern manufacturing industries impose special requirements on structural materials such as aluminum, titanium, and their alloys. Various methods are used to improve the physicomechanical and corrosion properties of these materials. One of the promising ways to modify the surface in order to give it multifunctional properties is the treatment of micro-arc oxidation. A distinctive feature of the process is the formation of the oxide coatings on valve metals because of exposure to micro-arc discharges. At the same time, coatings with unique properties are formed. However, the effect of the micro-arc oxidation process on the properties of the base material has been little studied. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of the micro-arc process, implemented in pulsed mode, on the properties of oxide layers, and the base material. Modification of the alloy surface was carried out in the anode mode, with small values of the duration of the anode current pulse. An alkaline electrolyte solution was used as the electrolyte. Studies of the microhardness of the oxide layer, as well as the metal layer from the interface – oxide layer /metal deep into the metal, have shown that micro-arc discharges affect not only the properties of the oxide layer but also structural changes in the thickness of the metal. It is shown that the formed oxide coating is characterized by high microhardness. The oxide coatings obtained at the duration of the anode current pulse of 100 μs – 200 μs are wear-resistant, the coatings do not collapse, and do not wear to the ground under the accepted test conditions.
Keywords: valve metals, plasma electrolytic oxidation, microplasma discharges, oxide coating, microhardness, transition layer.
Cite this article as: Ramazanova ZhM, Zamalitdinova MG, Baidauletova MZh, Kovalenko MV. Effect of micro-arc oxidation on the properties of aluminum alloy samples. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2023; 325(2):39-46. https://doi.org/10.31643/2023/6445.16
Title: Investigation of optical and physico-chemical properties of titanium-doped V2O5 nanofilms
Authors: Aimbetova I., Jiménez-Castañeda R., Clavijo-Blanco J., Umirov B., Seitov B.
Abstract: In this paper, undoped and Ti-doped V2O5 thin films were fabricated and deposited onto glass substrates using a «doctor blading» method. Then, the effects of Ti-doping on the optical properties of the thin films were investigated. Titanium doping concentration of 0.25-0.75 at.% has been investigated. After treatment in air at different temperatures, the obtained films was characterised by various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL). It was found that the as-obtained doped films possessed thermochromic properties and optical switching characters. According to optical tests, thin linings of vanadium dioxide alloyed with Ti have optical properties that are effective for application.Because of their capacity to automatically control interior solar irradiation, lower air-conditioning energy consumption, and maintain a comfortable internal thermal climate, smart windows have drawn increased interest in recent years. The doping strategy and integrating with functional coatings can regulate the properties of obtained V2O5 films.
Keywords: vanadium pentoxide, nanofilms, doping, smart windows, optical properties.
Cite this article as: Aimbetova I, Jiménez-Castañeda R, Clavijo-Blanco J, Umirov B, Seitov B. Investigation of optical and physico-chemical properties of titanium-doped V2O5 nanofilms. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2023;325(2):47-52. https://doi.org/10.31643/2023/6445.17
Title: Research on hydrometallurgical processing of titanium-magnesium production sludge with niobium extraction in solution
Authors: Ultarakova A.A., Karshyga Z.B., Lokhova N.G., Yessengaziyev A.M., Burns P.C.
Abstract: The material composition of sludge deposits from titanium-magnesium production was studied by chemical, X-ray, and microprobe analysis methods. Studies of the phase composition of the collector sludge showed that niobium is mainly bound with aluminum and titanium in oxide compounds. The particles of these compounds are very small and surrounded by the clay and carbonate component of the sludge collector. The chemical and mechanical activation processes of the sludge from the titanium-magnesium production sludge collector were executed based on the data obtained on the material composition. Alkaline leaching of sludge from sludge collector after preliminary activation was executed. The optimum conditions for the niobium extraction from the sludge of the sludge dump from the titanium-magnesium production were determined: sodium hydroxide concentration of 200 g/dm3, glycerol 5 g/dm3, S:L = 1:10, temperature 95 °C, leaching process duration - 4 hours. The addition of glycerol during alkaline leaching of sludge inhibits the transition of hexaniobate into insoluble sodium metaniobate enabling to increase the niobium extraction by 1.3 times with transfer into the solution of up to 80% of the extracted metal.
Keywords: sludge from the sludge collector, niobium, activation, leaching, sodium hydroxide.
Cite this article as: Ultarakova AA, Karshyga ZB, Lokhova NG, Yessengaziyev AM, Burns PC. Studies for hydrometallurgical processing of titanium-magnesium production sludge with niobium extraction in solution. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2023;325(2):53-61. https://doi.org/10.31643/2023/6445.18
Title: Extraction of gold from low-sulfide gold-bearing ores by beneficiating method using a pressure generator for pulp microaeration
Authors: Toktar G., Magomedov D.R., Коizhanova A.K., Abdyldaev N.N., Bakraeva A.N.
Abstract: Research results on the study of the material composition of low-sulfide gold-bearing ore from the East Kazakhstan deposit are presented. The main non-metallic minerals of the original sample and beneficiation products include quartz, chlorite (clinochlore), carbonates (calcite and dolomite). Pyrite is present predominantly in the form of cubic crystals, sometimes in the form of clusters. The grain size is from 0.03 to 0.40.5 mm, the size of the clusters reaches several mm. Iron oxides (goethite, hydrogoethite) were formed on pyrite, possibly magnetite and ilmenite. The assay test found that the test sample contains 6.04 g/t Au and 7.9 g/t Ag. The content of sulfide minerals is 11.81%. A significant part of gold (85.51%) is in a finely disseminated state in sulfides, as well as in rock-forming minerals 1.22%. The paper presents the results of laboratory studies of the gold- ore beneficiation ability using gravity concentration processes. Gravity enrichment tests were performed on laboratory equipment: Knelson KS-MD 3 centrifugal concentrator, SKO-05 concentration table, and a two-chamber diaphragm jig (OML TsNIGRI type (jig of Central Geological Research Institute for Nonferrous and Precious Metals)). The obtained results of ore beneficiation on the concentration table show the possibility of obtaining a gravity concentrate with a gold grade of 48.9 g/t with a gold recovery of 40.08%. When separating the gravity concentrate on a jig, the gold extraction was 31.6% at a content of 51.4 g/t. It was found that that according to a single-stage beneficiation scheme in a centrifugal concentrator, a gold-bearing concentrate with a gold content of 58.3 g/t was obtained with a recovery of 80.6%. The dependence of the gold extraction and its content in the gravity concentrate on the output at the Knelson centrifugal concentrator is shown. The results of ore flotation beneficiation show the possibility of obtaining waste grade flotation tailings with a gold grade of 0.8 g/t. The extraction of gold into the combined concentrate, with a gold content of 49.7 g/t, is 88.88%.
Keywords: gold-bearing low-sulfide ore, mineral composition, phase composition, gravitational beneficiation, gold extraction, concentrate, tailings, oxidizing agent.
Cite this article as: Toktar G, Magomedov DR, Коizhanova AK, Abdyldaev NN, Bakraeva AN. Extraction of gold from low-sulfidegold-bearing ores by beneficiating method using a pressure generator for pulp microaeration. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2023;325(2):62-71. https://doi.org/10.31643/2023/6445.19
Title: Assessment of the stability of the underworked sides and ledges of the quarry to determine the area of possible location of the shaft
Authors: Zeitinova Sh.B., Imashev A.Zh., Suimbayaeva A.M., Alzhanov R.H., Makhmudov D.R.
Abstract: As known, the main methods of developing solid minerals are open and underground methods. However, an analysis of the world’s practice of developing deposits of solid minerals also indicates the widespread use of the combined method of development in the last 50-60 years. Combined development of deposits at domestic and foreign mining enterprises is used due to the variable depth of deposits, which is typical mainly for deposits of steep and inclined fall. The essence of the combined development is that the upper horizons are developed in an open way, and the lower ones are developed underground. In such deposits, the following scheme has become widespread: the initial development of the upper section of the deposit by a shallow quarry (up to a depth of 80-100 m, sometimes more), then the construction of an underground mine, carried out in parallel with the completion of the quarry reserves. When opening sub-quarry reserves subject to underground mining, the resulting quarry space can be used. The penetration of vertical and inclined opening workings, tunnels, and exits from the berm sides or directly from the bottom of the quarry has become widespread. In parallel mining of reserves by open and underground methods, the joint use of transport workings is widely used for the delivery of ore mass from the quarry and underground mine, the placement of an underground crushing complex, auxiliary, and repair facilities in the quarry itself. In addition, the method of refining sub-quarry reserves with the opening of the underground part outside the quarry space has been widely used. After the end of open-pit mining, underground horizons are opened by capital mining workings (vertical, inclined shafts, tunnels).
Keywords: combined development, vertical mine roadways, shafts, underground reserves, open pit, side, slope.
Cite this article as: Zeitinova ShB, Imashev AZh, Suimbayaeva AM, Alzhanov RH, Makhmudov DR. Assessment of the stability of the underworked sides and ledges of the quarry to determine the area of possible location of the shaft. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2023;325(2):72-79. https://doi.org/10.31643/2023/6445.20
Title: Anchor bolt of rock massif in coal mines to decrease soil rock heaving of the workings
Authors: Demin V.F., Zhurov V.V.
Abstract: During the maintenance of workings, the effects of soil rock heaving, caused by plastic deformation and extrusion into the excavation cavity under the action of the rock pressure, are usually eliminated. The identified patterns of change in the stress-strain state of coal-rock massifs (displacements, stresses, cracking zones), depending on the main mining-geological and mining-technical factors will allow to establish the optimal parameters of soil anchoring, technological schemes for decreasing soil rock heaving of mine workings to increase the stability of preparatory mine workings have been developed. The development and improvement of existing technologies of effective and safe stiffening of near-soil rocks at conducting mine workings on flat and inclined coal seams were substantiated. The modelling of the SSS shows that both side-rock and ground deformations are predominantly influenced by side anchorage which results in reduction of the effective deformations in the rocks surrounding the working and in a decrease of gas release from the coal massif. It is established that the deformations and stresses both side and in-soil rocks in the excavation are influenced by side anchors rather than near-soil ones.
Keywords: mine workings, study of deformation processes, anchor parameters, geomechanical processes, anchor bolt, manifestations of rock pressure.
Cite this article as: Demin VF, Zhurov VV. Anchor bolt of rock massif in coal mines to decrease soil rock heaving of the workings. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2023;325(2):80-86. https://doi.org/10.31643/2023/6445.21
Title: Study of the mineral composition of promising copper ores of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kvon S.S., Nesterova V.I., Omarova A.Ye., Kulikov V.Y., Chsherbakova Ye.P.
Abstract: The article provides a brief overview of the problems of copper production in Kazakhstan. It is shown that the main current problem of copper-smelting production is the involvement of low-grade ores of complex mineral composition. Existing technologies are focused on the processing of ore with higher copper content, accordingly, it is necessary to adjust the existing enrichment and smelting technologies. To determine the mineral composition of some samples of promising copper-bearing ores of the Republic of Kazakhstan, an X-ray phase analysis was carried out. The identification and quantitative calculation of the mineral content were carried out using the DIFFRAC.EVA and DIFFRAC.TOPAS programs. It was shown that the main copper-bearing minerals in the samples are: chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcosiderite - group 1; malachite, lapis lazuli, atacamite, pseudomalachite, brochantite - group 2. The waste rock is represented by the following minerals: quartz, muscovite (mica), chlorite (layered silicate), albite (feldspar), pyrite, calcite, sodalite (feldspathoid), and gypsum. Based on the analysis, the mineral composition of the studied samples was established and a conclusion was made about the dominant nature of the ore. It is shown that in three samples the predominant nature of the ore is sulfide, in one sample it is oxide. The obtained results of the mineral composition and nature of the ore allow us to make practical recommendations on the most effective scheme for ore enrichment and further processing.
Keywords: Material science, composite, material engineering, design, biocomposite.
Cite this article as: Kvon SS, Nesterova VI, Omarova AYe, Kulikov VY, Chsherbakova YeP. Study of the mineral composition of promising copper ores of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2023;325(2):87-93. https://doi.org/10.31643/2023/6445.22
