Title: Magnesia composite materials for layered products
Abstract: The article presents the results of experimental studies of magnesia composite materials of layered structure obtained from molding mixtures of various densities. The aim of the work is to synthesize and study the characteristics of three–layer magnesia materials. Molding mixtures were obtained from combined binders based on caustic magnesite and technogenic silica-containing materials. Specially synthesized porous aggregates from liquid-glass raw mixtures were used as fillers. Technological techniques of horizontal and vertical molding of three-layer products have been worked out. Composite magnesia material of three-layer variatropic structure is characterized by a density of 560 kg/m3, compressive strength of 6.1 MPa. Durability tests of layered composite materials have been carried out. Three-layer magnesia composite materials have shown satisfactory resistance in the conditions of an aqueous and aggressive salt environment. The developed magnesia material is comparable in physic-mechanical and cost parameters with an innovative block of encapsulated expanded clay. The low thermal conductivity of the developed magnesia material, equal to 0.115 W/(m·⁰c), will ensure a reduction in material and energy costs by 36.1% compared to the cement analogue.
Keywords: magnesia binders, porous filler, composite materials, variatropic structure, three-layer wall blocks, water resistance.
Cite this article as: Miryuk OA. Magnesia composite materials for layered products. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 328(1):5-12. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.01
Title: Influеncе of bаsаlt fibеr lеngth on strеngth chаrаctеristics of finе-grаinеd fibеr concrеtе
Authors: Nurbаyеvа M.N., Lukpаnov R.Е., Аruovа L.B., Gunаsеkаrаn M.
Abstract: Thе sаmplеs of fibеr concrеtе with diffеrеnt lеngths of bаsаlt fibеr hаvе bееn tеstеd. Thе chаrаctеristics of bаsаlt fibеr usеd for thе mаnufаcturе of fibеr concrеtе аrе givеn. Thе аim of thе study is to idеntify thе pаttеrn of influеncе of fibеr lеngth on thе strеngth chаrаctеristics of fibеr concrеtе. Thе pаpеr prеsеnts thе rеsults of dеtеrmining thе comprеssivе аnd bеnding tеnsilе strеngth of finе-grаinеd fibеr concrеtе with no fibеr аddеd (control composition) аnd with thе аddition of bаsаlt fibеr 0.2 % of thе wеight of cеmеnt with а fibеr lеngth of 40 mm, 20 mm, 10 mm аnd 5 mm. It is dеmonstrаtеd thаt thе optimаl limits of bаsаlt fibеr introduction into thе mixturе of finе-grаinеd concrеtе cаn bе considеrеd а lеngth of 20 mm fibеrs, which lеаds to аn incrеаsе in comprеssivе strеngth up to 47.2 %, in bеnding tеnsilе strеngth up to 2 timеs morе in compаrison with thе control composition.
Keywords: Bаsаlt fibеr, rеinforcеmеnt, comprеssivе strеngth, bеnding.
Cite this article as: Nurbаyеvа MN, Lukpаnov RЕ, Аruovа LB, Gunаsеkаrаn M. Influеncе of bаsаlt fibеr lеngth on strеngth chаrаctеristics of finе-grаinеd fibеr concrеtе. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 328(1):13-19. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.02
Title: An Overview of Epoxy Resins as coating to protect metals from corrosion
Authors: Makhmetova A.R., Negim El-Sayed, Ainakulova D.T., Yeligbayeva G., Khatib J.M.
Abstract: Any structures of metal, which are used in construction work, must be qualitatively protected from the external environment, more precisely, from the development of corrosion. Under the influence of the environment as a result of corrosive processes, the metal loses its properties. The presence of corrosion reduces the service life of any equipment in production, it worsens the quality of products. To solve the problems of increasing service life and providing chemical protection of metal, which is made of equipment, constructions, and structures, use highly effective anti-corrosion coatings based on epoxy resins. These materials are chemically resistant and provide a barrier that limits the access of corrosive media to the coated surface. Epoxy resins are stable to the action of halogens, acids, and alkalis, and have high adhesion to metals. However, having a complex of positive properties, epoxy resins have significant disadvantages - high combustibility, stiffness, and relatively low physical and mechanical properties, including resistance to impact, due to the limited mobility of inter-nodal sites of the spatial network of polymer macromolecules. Therefore, epoxy is cured with various hardeners and mixed with a variety of fillers (metallic, mineral, and organic), and many other components to reduce the cost of materials and to allow the properties of the resins themselves to be improved in the desired direction. This overview article discusses the basic properties of epoxy resins and the effects of various hardeners, and modifiers on the anti-corrosive properties of epoxy coatings, as well as general applications of epoxy resins and the health risks of their use.
Keywords: anticorrosive coating; epoxy resin; hardeners; modification; composite materials; applications.
Cite this article as: Makhmetova AR, Negim El-Sayed, Ainakulova DT, Yeligbayeva G, Khatib JM. An Overview of Epoxy Resin as coating to protect metals from corrosion. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 328(1):20-32. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.03
Title: Effect of Aggregate Gradation on Asphalt Concrete Properties
Authors: Kosparmakova S.A., Shashpan Zh.A., Guler M.
Abstract: Economic expansion is a positive side effect of national highway construction initiatives. So, the plan is to construct these projects rapidly. This calls for premium asphalt. As a result of aggregate gradation variation, numerous asphalt mixes have been rejected and rebuilt on-site in recent decades, resulting in the waste of valuable resources and valuable time. Consequently, the goal of this study was to examine the durability of asphalt mixes where the aggregate gradation ranged from +4% above to 2% below the standard range. The aggregate gradation is inconsistent throughout HMA manufacture. The aggregate is graded at 2, 4, and 6 percent over and below the allowed range. Case in point: the gradation of the control mix design. Marshall There was a quantitative evaluation of mixed properties throughout the design phase. HMA mix performance was evaluated via high temperature and water cycles by vehicle pressure observation and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) testing. In hot climates, asphalt with gradations above +4% and 2% of both the higher and lower standard values showed the greatest resilience to water damage and the least rutting. In warm regions, asphalt mixture design will be constrained by the higher aggregate gradation limits.
Keywords: Asphalt Concrete, aggregate gradation, Marshall test, rutting, water resistance.
Cite this article as: Kosparmakova SA, Shashpan ZhA, Guler M. Effect of Aggregate Gradation on Asphalt Concrete Properties. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 328(1):33-41. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.04
Title: Stability study of emulsions based on modified xanthan gum
Authors: Kusherova P.T., Yerzhanov Y.B., Tleugalieva Z.A., Khaldun M. Al Azzam, Aidarova S.B., Mohammad Azmi Bustam.
Abstract: Modified xanthan gum is often used in a variety of industries such as pharmaceuticals, the food industry, and the oil industry. The use of modified xanthan gum in emulsions can solve two problems, stabilize and thicken. This work is dedicated to the study of oil-in-water emulsion stability. The continuous phase of the emulsion consists of aqueous solutions of modified xanthan gum (XG-g-MMA), alkyl polyglycoside (APG), and silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2), and kerosene was used as a dispersed phase. Modified XG was prepared by grafting with methyl methacrylate to improve its properties. To determine the stability, the stratification time was monitored, and rheological properties and droplet sizes of emulsions were determined. The results showed that the emulsions based on XG-g-MMA and APG have better properties than the emulsions based on XG and sodium lauryl ethoxy-sulphate (SLES). Emulsions with 0.3% XG-g-MMA, 5% APG and 0.2% SiO2 demonstrated stability for up to 2 years, whereas emulsions with 0.3% XG stay stable for up to 1 year.
Keywords: emulsion stability, modified xanthan gum, grafted polymer.
Cite this article as: Kusherova PT, Yerzhanov YB, Tleugalieva ZA, Khaldun M Al Azzam, Aidarova SB, Mohammad Azmi Bustam. Stability study of emulsions based on modified xanthan gum. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 328(1):42-49. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.05
Title: Improving the quality of converting products by the joint smelting of high-sulfur copper concentrate with copper-lead matte
Authors: Argyn A.A., Zholdasbay E.E., Dosmukhamedov NK.
Abstract: The paper presents the results of studies on the processing of copper-lead mattes with high-sulfur copper concentrate in a converter. The effect of high-sulfur copper concentrate on the quality of converting products is shown. Based on the obtained results, a comparative analysis of the technological indicators of the 1st period of converting copper-lead mattes according to the existing technology and in the joint processing of copper-lead mattes with copper concentrate was carried out. It has been established that when the high-sulfur copper concentrate is used as a sulfidizing agent, excess sulfur released as a result of the dissociation of higher sulfides is completely absorbed by the slag melt. It is shown that elemental sulfur, interacting with oxides of non-ferrous metals and impurities, has a significant effect on the equilibrium distribution of metals between the converting products and their extraction into targeted products. The influence of sulfur on the destruction of magnetite in the process of converting was also established. New data on the distribution of non-ferrous and associated metal impurities (As, Sb, etc.) were obtained during the conversion of copper-lead mattes with high-sulfur copper concentrate. High values were established for the extraction of non-ferrous metals and impurities into targeted products: copper into matte - up to 98%, lead, zinc, arsenic, and antimony into dust - 87%, 91%, 84%, and 38%, respectively. The possibility of a significant improvement in technical and economic indicators, the quality of converting products, and environmental protection during the joint smelting of high-sulfur copper concentrate with a copper-lead matte are shown. The developed technology for converting copper-lead mattes, with high-sulfur copper concentrate, is easily integrated into the plant structure of Kazzinc LLP without any special material costs.
Keywords: copper-lead matte, sulfide copper concentrate, converting, converter slag, white matte, sulfiding, distribution.
Cite this article as: Argyn AA, Zholdasbay EE, Dosmukhamedov NK. Improving the quality of converting products by the joint smelting of high-sulfur copper concentrate with copper-lead matte. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 328(1):50-58. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.06
Title: Study of the isothermal kinetics of reduction of sinter from mill scale
Authors: Zhunusov А.K., Bykov P.O., Kenzhebekova A.E., Zhunussova A.K., Rahmat Azis Nabawi.
Abstract: Studies of the isothermal kinetics of the reduction of sinter from mill scale were carried out at Zh. Abisheva Chemical and Metallurgical Institute (Karaganda). The influence of temperature and heating time on the degree of reduction of iron and other elements was studied in the Tamman furnace by the thermogravimetric method. The amount of reducing agent was taken in the experiments based on the stoichiometrically necessary amount of carbon for the complete reduction of iron oxides by more than 60%, as well as for the carburization of the resulting metal to 2.0% C. To obtain the kinetic characteristics of the reduction of the studied materials, depending on the temperature and duration of the process, processing of the received data array according to the models developed especially for these cases. The results of experimental data processing according to the Gistling-Brownstein model are presented. As a general assessment, this model with a sufficiently high correlation (R not less than 0.9) describes the studied process, which confirms its diffusion character. Analyzing the calculated data of the activation energy, one can assume the diffusion nature of the inhibition of the reduction reaction of all the materials under study. The value of the activation energy of the process shows that the agglomerate with dolomite (fluxed agglomerate) has the highest reducibility. During the frontal reduction of oxides of iron and other elements with carbon, a slag shell is formed around the grains of materials, which consists mainly of acidic oxides of barren rock, non-metallic inclusions of lightweight scrap and reducing agent ash and has a high viscosity. Its thickness depends on the composition of the material, temperature, time and degree of reduction.
Keywords: Mill scale, mill scale, reducibility, kinetics, diffusion barrier, activation energy.
Cite this article as: ZhunusovАK, Bykov PO, Kenzhebekova AE, Zhunussova AK, Rahmat Azis Nabawi. Study of the isothermal kinetics of reduction of sinter from mill scale. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 328(1):59-67. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.07
Title: Monitoring of the stress-strain state during preparatory workings
Authors: Khalikova E.R., Diomin V.F., Musin R.A., Krakovsky A.P., Khanafin U.Zh.
Abstract: Maintaining and increasing the volume of underground coal mining is possible only if there is a highly efficient technology for conducting and maintaining preparatory workings. The purpose of the research was to assess the parameters of stability control of the contours of the mine workings, anchored with anchorage, to create a technology for intensive and safe excavation of mine workings based on the identified patterns of behavior of adjacent rock massifs. The idea of the approach is to use a man-made stress-strain state to develop an effective technology for fixing a contour rock mass. The mechanism of deformation, displacement, and collapse of rocks in a structurally disturbed inhomogeneous mountain range is investigated to assess the state of the rock mass around the mine workings. The technology of fastening contiguous soil rocks has been developed taking into account the state of the mountain massif around the workings and the parameters of the operation of the anchor supports in mines for fixing rods in workings in order to ensure the safety of mining operations in the mines of the Karaganda coal basin have been determined.
Keywords: mining, fastening parameters, geomechanical processes, anchorage, manifestations of rock pressure, technological schemes.
Cite this article as: Khalikova ER, Diomin VF, Musin RA, Krakovsky AP, Khanafin UZh. Monitoring of the stress-strain state during preparatory workings. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 328(1):68-75. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.08
Title: Gold and rare earth elements in enrichment products from the technogenic wastes of the Caspian Mining-Metallurgical Plant (Aktau, Kazakhstan)
Authors: Bekenova G.K., Peregudov V.V., Levin V.L., Kanatbaev Y.T., Muratkhanov D.B.
Abstract: The paper presents the outcome of a comprehensive study at macro- to nanoscale levels of enrichment products from technogenic wastes. The products were obtained thanks to the experience of gravity enrichment during the treatment and preparation of the gold and REE sample material with preliminary mechanical and thermal activation. Thermal activation was applied for the first time. Native gold was identified in the form of single, micron-sized grains and, according to technological testing of enrichment products, there is a predominance of "invisible" dispersed gold. The gold content in the initial material was 2.93 g/t, which upon thermal activation of the sample increased to 6.37 g/t. According to the spectral analysis and electron probe microanalysis, the products of all enrichment stages are characterized by an increased content of yttrium and REEs. The REEs occurrence forms were determined. REEs are mainly found in micro- and nano-sized fluorine and fluorine-free phosphates (in apatite, by substitution of calcium), in REE-phosphates (in xenotime), and less often, possibly, in complex sulfo-phosphates and phosphate silicates. In thermal products consisting of inhomogeneous aggregates of nanosized phases, according to X-ray phase analysis, considering the elemental composition, REEs are included in the composition of phosphates: florensite and phases Ce(P5O14), Ca8MgSm(PO4)7
Keywords: gold, REEs, micro- and nano-sized grains, technogenic wastes, Caspian Mining-Metallurgical Plant, Kazakhstan.
Cite this article as: Bekenova GK, Peregudov VV, Levin VL, Kanatbaev YT, Muratkhanov DB. Gold and rare earth elements in enrichment products from the technogenic wastes of the Caspian Mining-Metallurgical Plant (Aktau, Kazakhstan). Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 328(1):76-87. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.09
Title: Significant impact on the growth of Solanum lycopersicum in Microbially augmented organic waste
Authors: Munir Z.M., Abbasi M.H., Khawar M.B., Sheikh N.
Abstract: The objectives of this study were to convert organic and tea waste to organic soil cond conditioners and achieve a 68% reduction in landfilling and illegal dumping of organic waste. The tea was mixed at an incremental ratio of 10% with the organic waste, and the groups were designated as T0-T100 groups, indicating 0% of tea waste and 100% of organic waste in T0 group and 100% of tea waste, and 0% of organic waste in T100 group. The impact of this soil conditioner was later studied on the growth of the Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) plant for twenty-one weeks along with the augmentation of waste sludge from the yeast manufacturing unit. Microbial examination, and other physicochemical parameters like pH, temperature, organic carbon, C/N ratio, moisture, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and humidity of the compost were studied. A visual color change indicated the compost maturity for further application. The quality of the soil was analyzed in both pre-compost and post-compost applications. The electrical conductivity of the soil was 3.0 mho with 8.3 pH, 0.84 % organic matter, phosphorous 1.0 mg/kg, and potassium 225 mg/kg with a saturation level of 40%. There was an inverse relation between organic waste and organic matter with the highest percentage of organic matter in the T0 group. Maximum nitrogen content (9.07%), the highest levels of phosphorous (0.7%), and potassium (2.3%) were recorded in the aerobic T0 group. The highest amount of organic carbon (78.23%), maximum CEC (109.09 meq/100g) was found in the aerobic T100 group. The best vegetative post-application growth of tomato plants, flowering, and fruiting was observed in the T60 group. Taken together with our findings, it can be concluded that the organic compost boosted the soil fertility by up to 70% which positively affected the growth of tomato plants.
Keywords: Organic waste, Plant growth, Solanum lycopersicum, Environment.
Cite this article as: Munir ZM, Abbasi MH, Khawar MB, Sheikh N. Significant impact on the growth of Solanum lycopersicum in Microbially augmented organic waste. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 328(1):88-100. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.10
Title: On the matter of composition and technological properties of uranium ores of the Semizbai deposit (North Kazakhstan)
Authors: Baibatsha A.B., Bashilova E.S.
Abstract: Currently, uranium production occupies a decisive place in the world energy industry. In Kazakhstan, to meet the demand for uranium, hydrogenous deposits with technologically and economically favorable natural indicators are being developed, including the large Semizbai deposit. The deposit by genesis belongs to the hydrothermal-hydrogenous polygenic type in terrigenous sandy-clayey deposits. As a result of geological studies, the stratification of the ore-bearing deposits of the Semizbai suite was established: the lower and upper ore-bearing sub suites, the geometrization of the deposit was performed, and the morphology, number, and size of ore bodies were identified. Most of the balance reserves of the Semizbai deposit are concentrated in large and medium ore bodies. Analytical work and description of thin sections and polished sections under a microscope determined the material composition, textures, and structures of uranium ores, the main ore minerals, and their distribution in ores. When carrying out field and laboratory work, geological indicators of the deposit were obtained to select the technology for extracting ores. To select and justify the field development technology, special technological studies were carried out in the experimental area. Based on the geological indicators of uranium ores for the Semizbay deposit, well-in-situ leaching was chosen as the most rational for hydrogenous deposits. The characteristic of associated useful components of uranium ores is given, and the increased content of selenium, germanium, and scandium in them is established. The obtained research results can serve as a basis for improving the technology used for mining uranium ores and extracting associated components from them.
Keywords: hydrogenous uranium deposit, uranium-bearing terrigenous rocks, uranium minerals, types of ores, associated useful components, borehole underground leaching.
Cite this article as: Baibatsha AB, Bashilova ES. On the matter of composition and technological properties of uranium ores of the Semizbai deposit (North Kazakhstan). Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 328(1):101-110. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.11
