Title: Physico-chemical aspects of uranium extraction for investigation of underground well leaching control systems
Authors: Turganaliev C.R., Oryngozha E.E., Oringozhin E.S., Nikulin V.V., Alisheva Zh.N.
Abstract: This article gives the physical and chemical aspects of uranium extraction from the zones of reservoir oxidation using ultrasonic technology and the theoretical justification for the technology of in-situ borehole leaching (ISL) of uranium deposits in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan has significant reserves, well-explored uranium deposits, developed uranium mining and processing capacities, as well as the current state of the world uranium market, which determine the prospects for the development of the uranium mining industry in Kazakhstan. Ore deposits of uranium deposits localized at the fronts of seam oxidation zones are largely similar in terms of the chemical composition of host rocks. Fe, Al, Mg, Ca, K, and Na are among the most widespread petrogenic elements of rock-forming minerals. Uranium is observed in association with iron, vanadium, selenium, molybdenum, rhenium, and other elements. Uranium mineralization is represented by exogenous (secondary) minerals – pitchblende and coffinite. In the general balance of uranium minerals, pitchblende is about 30%, and coffinite is about 70%. Nasturan (хUO2yUO3z) is represented by an association of tetravalent uranium dioxide and hexavalent uranium trioxide with a variable composition (UO2+UO3) - 65-85%, coffinite - tetravalent uranium silicate USiO4.
Keywords: Physico-chemical aspects, recovery, uranium, theoretical substantiation, recovery, uranium, theoretical substantiation, in-situ leaching, wells.
Cite this article as: Turganaliev CR, Oryngozha EE, Oringozhin ES, Nikulin VV, Alisheva ZhN. Physico-chemical aspects ofuranium extraction for investigation of underground well leaching control systems. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 329(2):5-16. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.12
Title: Demonstration of the feasibility and practical value of direct acoustic measurements in liquid metals
Authors: Kazhikenova S.Sh., Shaikhova G.S., Shaltakov S.N., Belomestny D.
Abstract: The temperature dependences of ultrasound absorption and propagation speed in simple semimetals, semiconductors, and semiconductor compounds have been studied in this article. Experimental and theoretical results testify to the microheterogeneity of semimetals and semiconductor melts. Generalization and analysis of experimental data on the absorption and propagation speed of ultrasound in melts based on D.I. Mendeleev periodic law clearly indicate the presence of micro-groups of atoms (clusters) in them, microheterogenizing melts of semimetals and semiconductors. The urgency of this problem is predetermined by the problem of the liquid state of matter. The dependence of ultrasound absorption and propagation speed on temperature is measured using several groups of samples in paper, each group is heated to a different temperature. It is proved that melts have clustered in their atomic matrix, and so melts with semiconductor properties are micro-inhomogeneous. These results are needed to scale melt sonication to an industrial scale and are needed to provide valuable new insights into temperature dependencies of ultrasound absorption.
Keywords: melts, atomic mass, ultrasonic melt, ultrasound absorption, temperature dependences, ultrasound propagation speed.
Cite this article as: Kazhikenova SSh, Shaikhova GS, Shaltakov SN, Belomestny D. Demonstration the feasibility and practical value of direct acoustic measurements in liquid metals. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 329(2):17-33. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.13
Title: Investigation of the beneficiation of refractory ferromanganese ores “Zhomart” deposits
Authors: Dyussenova S.B., Lukhmenov A.Yu., Imekeshova M.A., Akimzhanov Z.A.
Abstract: In order to provide ferroalloy production with high-quality raw materials, the need to develop technologies for processing of low-grade manganese and ferromanganese ores is becoming increasingly important. In view of the change in the quality characteristics of ores, the decrease in manganese content and the ability to beneficiation by traditional methods, it is necessary to consider new approaches and technological solutions. The article presents data from a study on the beneficiation of refractory iron-manganese ore from the Zhomart deposit. The mineralogy, physical and mechanical properties, and granulometric composition of the ore were determined. The results of a study on gravitational beneficiation using a laboratory pulsator with a pneumatic drive and a laboratory 2-chamber diaphragm jigging machine and magnetic beneficiation of ore with a high-intensity magnetic field are presented. Iron-containing concentrate (Fe-45% and Mn-6.5% is mainly represented by hematite mixed with non-metallic minerals quartz and calcite) and iron-manganese concentrate (Mn-21.7% and Fe-21.1% in the form of hematite, Brownite and pyrolusite, also mixed with quartz and calcite). The concentrates are not suitable for smelting manganese-containing ferroalloys but can be used in the process of electrothermal beneficiation with selective carbothermal reduction of iron in an ore-thermal furnace. The smelting products can be manganese cast iron and iron-free, low-phosphorus limiting manganese slag with a high ratio of manganese to iron.
Keywords: Iron-manganese ore, jigging, dry magnetic separation, iron-manganese concentrate
Cite this article as: Dyussenova SB, Lukhmenov AYu, Imekeshova MA, Akimzhanov ZA. Investigation of the beneficiation of refractory ferromanganese ores “Zhomart” deposits. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 329(2):34-42. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.14
Title: Mathematical model of the formation of barite-lead mineralization of the Ushkatyn III deposit (Central Kazakhstan)
Authors: Askarova N.S., Portnov V.S., Rakhimova G.M., Maussymbayeva A.D., Madisheva R.K.
Abstract: The genesis of stratiform deposits of lead and barite in sedimentary rocks is of great interest from the point of view of replenishing reserves of polymetallic ores. The aim of the work is to establish the regularity of the hydrogenic formation of ores in limestones, taking into account the influence of the nanosurface of pores and cracks based on a mathematical model of the movement and characteristics of ore-bearing solutions in the pores. The thicknesses of the surface layer of limestones and minerals included in the ore-containing strata and sulfide minerals are calculated. The results indicate that they are nanostructures with special physical properties different from the rest of the substance, which is confirmed by the regularity of the formation of a heavy sulfur isotope in ores of various textural types. The influence of hydrotherms with different densities, kinematic viscosity, and velocity on the intensity of mineralization formation in cracks and pores of limestone, as well as the occurrence of new feathering cracks around the fractures of dismemberment, is estimated. The dependence of the hydrothermal flow density on the diffusion of the liquid is established. The equation of kinematic viscosity is derived from the pressure in the solution flow, the velocity of its movement, the mass of particles of ore-forming elements, and sulfur isotopes under thermodynamic conditions of determined Gibbs energies. The relationship of the viscosity of the solution with the surface tension of the nanolayer of limestone particles in cracks and pores is shown, indicating that the greater this energy, the greater the velocity of movement of ore-forming solutions, the fewer branches of newly formed cracks around the dissection crack. The mathematical model is applicable for the numerical analysis of the regularity of mineralization in cracks, taking into account the influence of the nanostructural layer of cracks and pores of limestone in the thermodynamic conditions of the occurrence of an ore-bearing formation.
Keywords: Ushkatyn III, stratiform deposits, Atasu type, isotopic composition, mathematical model
Cite this article as: Askarova NS, Portnov VS, Rakhimova GM, Maussymbayeva AD, Madisheva RK. Mathematical model of the formation of barite-lead mineralization of the Ushkatyn III deposit (Central Kazakhstan). Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 329(2):43-53. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.15
Title: The method of non-stationary flooding and the conditions for its effective use in the operation of an oil field
Authors: Effendiyev G.M., Moldabayeva G.Zh., Tuzelbayeva Sh.R., Imansakipova Z.B., Hongjun Wu.
Abstract: The article describes the essence of unsteady waterflooding, which is one of the most effective methods of increasing the oil recovery factor, used to change the direction of filtration flows, which makes it possible to engage in the development of undeveloped oil reserves and reduce the rate of watering of the deposit in productive reservoirs. A common technological method of unsteady water flooding is the use of cyclic modes of operation of injection wells. The essence of this method is that at an unsteady state in the oil deposit, there are conditions for the continuous manifestation of elastic forces of the reservoir system. In a heterogeneous reservoir between different zones, channels, and fluid flows there are gradients of hydrodynamic pressures, due to which there can be fluid flows from one layer to another, from fractures to blocks, as well as changes in flow directions. During unsteady flooding of heterogeneous formations, a part of oil reserves in low-permeability layers or zones remains uncovered by injected water. The waterflooded reservoir appears as an unsystematic alternation of watered and oil-saturated microflows. While creating in such reservoirs alternately changing in value and direction of pressure gradients, conditions for injection water penetration into stagnant oil-saturated low-permeable zones and channels appear in the oil reservoir and oil movement from them to active drainage zones. As a result of the analysis, the positive effect of the implementation of unsteady waterflooding technology was revealed, and recommendations for improving its application at other operational facilities of oil fields were given.
Keywords: non-stationary flooding, injection well, cyclic injection, oil recovery, filtration, heterogeneity.
Cite this article as: Effendiyev GM, Moldabayeva GZh, Tuzelbayeva ShR, Imansakipova ZB, Hongjun Wu. The method of non-stationary flooding and the conditions for its effective use in the operation of an oil field. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 329(2):54-62. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.16
Title: Research and development of gold ore processing technology
Authors: Kenzhaliyev B.K., Koizhanova A.K., Atanova O.V., Magomedov D.R., Nurdin H.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of technological studies of two samples of gold-bearing ore from the gold-bearing deposit of Kazakhstan deposits 1 and 2. A comprehensive analysis of ore samples by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray phase, chemical, and mineralogical methods was carried out. The calculated initial gold content was determined, and X-ray fluorescence analysis showed that the main elements that make up the ore are oxygen up to 51% and silicon up to 33%. X-ray phase analysis showed the presence of more than 95% quartz and muscovite in the samples. The form of finding gold in the ore, according to the results of mineralogical analysis, is defined as free gold and gold in iron hydroxide. Silver is present in the studied samples in the form of various types of halides. An ore beneficiation scheme has been developed and presented, including gravity and flotation. Gravity enrichment was carried out in two stages, with the production of concentrate and tailings, with the maximum recovery of gold in concentrate up to 91%, flotation enrichment using butyl xanthate reagents and a blowing agent, was carried out in two stages with the production of main and control concentrates and final flotation tailings. The subsequent hydrometallurgical study of the ore was carried out to assess the effect of sodium cyanide on the extraction of gold, tests were performed on the leaching of the initial samples of the ore and the obtained flotation and gravity concentrates in the agitation mode, it was found that cyanide leaching is an effective method for processing the mineral raw materials of the gold-bearing deposit of Kazakhstan, and the obtained flotation concentrates, with the recovery of gold into solution under optimal conditions up to 98%. The results obtained make it possible to predict the effectiveness of the main technological stages in the ore processing scheme, technology optimization, and maximum gold recovery.
Keywords: mineralogical analysis, gold, ore, concentrate, gravity, flotation, cyanidation.
Cite this article as: Kenzhaliyev BK, Koizhanova AK, Atanova OV, Magomedov DR, Nurdin H. Research and development ofgold ore processing technology. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 329(2):63-72. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.17
Title: Research of the production of iron ore sinter from bauxite processing waste
Authors: Zhunussova A.K., Bykov P.O., Zhunusov А.K., Kenzhebekova A.Ye.
Abstract: This article presents the results of a study of the agglomeration of waste alumina ferrous sands and the use of sinter as a substitute for metal charge in steelmaking. At this time, in the process of processing bauxite, JSC "Aluminium of Kazakhstan" produces a large number of fines, which is of great interest to ferrous metallurgy. Wastes from alumina production include a variety of waste sludge, including red, gray sludge, and ferrous sands. According to the chemical composition, ferrous sands can be attributed to iron ore material with a high content of alumina. Most of these problems are eliminated by preliminary agglomeration of fines. In this work, agglomeration studies made it possible to establish the optimal parameters for sintering ferrous sands. When using 10% fuel, the best sintering performance is achieved. The optimal parameters for sintering ferrous sands mixed with other metallurgical wastes are such as productivity - 0.92 t / m2 h, mechanical strength - 80.0%, sintering speed - 19.3 mm/min, yield - 82.0%, the maximum temperature in the layer is 1340 °С. The results of laboratory melt carried out in an induction melting furnace indicate the possibility of using a sinter as a substitute for metal charge in iron and steel smelting. The conducted melting confirms the fundamental possibility of using a sinter, made from waste products of alumina production of ferrous sands, is a man-made charge material that is suitable for use as a 5% additive to the metal charge in the smelting of iron-carbon alloys similar in composition to cast irons.
Keywords: Ferrous sand, agglomerate, sintering, charge gas permeability, sintering rate, metal charge, smelting.
Cite this article as: Zhunussova AK, Bykov PO, Zhunusov АK, Bykov PO, Kenzhebekova AE. Research of the production of iron ore sinter from bauxite processing waste. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 329(2):73-81. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.18
Title: Analysis of the thermal regime of converting of copper-lead matte with high-sulfur copper concentrate
Authors: Zoldasbay E.E., Argyn A.A., Dosmukhamedov N.K.
Abstract: According to the earlier conclusions about the possibility of direct processing of high-sulfur copper concentrates with copper-lead matte, analysis of the thermal regime of converting was carried out. It is shown that the traditional calculation methods used to calculate autogenous smelting are not entirely correct and require taking into account the effect of excess sulfur on the temperature regime of the process. It has been established that in the process of converting copper-lead mattes, a wide range of temperature variation is observed - from 1027 0С to 1300 0С. When the concentrate is combined with the matte, the temperature regime of the process is stabilized, which ensures the optimal level of SO2 concentration in the gases required for the production of sulfuric acid. Based on the calculation of the material balance of converting copper-lead mattes using the existing technology and with the addition of a concentrate, the structure of the heat balance of the converting process was established. A strong change in the structure of the heat balance is shown, which is explained by the reduction of magnetite with excess sulfur and an increase in heat due to the oxidation of an additional amount of iron sulfide introduced with the concentrate. A comparative analysis of the technological parameters of the 1st converting period of copper-lead mattes calculated by the proposed method with the practical data of a specific metallurgical unit allows assessing the degree of approximation of the processes occurring in the unit until the thermodynamic equilibrium.
Keywords: copper-lead matte, high sulfur copper concentrate, converting, material balance, thermal regime, sulfur, sulfiding.
Cite this article as: Zholdasbay EE, Argyn AA, Dosmukhamedov NK. Analysis of the thermal regime of converting of copper-lead matte with high-sulfur copper concentrate. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 329(2):82-91. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.19
Title: Analytical Review of Conductive Coatings, Cathodic Protection, and Concrete
Authors: Ainakulova D.T., Muradova S.R., Khaldun M.Al Azzam, Bekbayeva L.K., Megat-Yusoff P.S.M., Mukatayeva Z.S., Ganjian E., El-Sayed Negim.
Abstract: The principal and most expensive type of degradation that currently affects the performance of reinforced concrete bridge constructions is the corrosion of steel reinforcement. Strong financial losses result from the corrosion of reinforced concrete structures. One popular technique for preventing corrosion in reinforced concrete structures is cathodic protection. Since it can give necessary current in a situation where reinforced concrete buildings have high resistance, impressed present cathodic protection (ICCP) provides strength and adaptability. Conductive coatings, discrete anode systems, titanium-based mesh in cementitious overlay, conductive overlay with carbon fibers, and flame-sprayed zinc are examples of anode materials that are often used for impressed current cathodic (ICC). Chloride ions, in particular, are exceedingly difficult to permeate through a continuous epoxy coating on steel, making an epoxy coating a very effective barrier to these hostile chemicals. Epoxy resins are a great option for shielding metal surfaces from the environment and hostile environments because of their outstanding anti-corrosion qualities, good adherence to a variety of surfaces, and chemical resistance. In this work, the cathodic protection, ICCP, various conductive coatings, and epoxy coating as anode material are reviewed.
Keywords: protection, impressed current, reinforced concrete corrosion, epoxy coatings.
Cite this article as: Ainakulova DT, Muradova SR, Khaldun MAl Azzam, Bekbayeva LK, Megat-Yusoff PSM, Mukatayeva ZS, Ganjian E, El-Sayed Negim. Analytical Review of Conductive Coatings, Cathodic Protection, and Concrete. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 329(2):92-102. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.20
Title: Study of the structure and electrical properties of graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide+nanocellulose (GO+NC)
Authors: Almasov N.Z.H., Kurbanova B.A., Kuanyshbekov T.K., Akatan K., Kabdrakhmanova S.K., Aimaganbetov K.P.
Abstract: Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) that function at elevated temperatures surpassing 100°C and exhibit exceptional mechanical, chemical, and thermochemical stability have garnered significant interest. This is primarily due to their practical utility in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In the present era, an extensive array of polymers and polymer-blended membranes have been scrutinized for their applicability in this domain. Each of these materials presents a set of advantages and disadvantages. However, the realm of PEMFCs is still in search of the perfect membrane endowed with distinct properties. Graphene oxide, a two-dimensional substance arising from the oxidation of graphite, has manifested itself as a promising candidate. Oxygen (O) functional groups are incorporated within the sp2 carbon (C) plane of the oxidized graphite, forming graphene oxide. This material can be synthesized by exfoliating graphite oxide, a three-dimensional carbon-based compound, into layered sheets using ultrasonic or mechanical agitation. The presence of multiple reactive oxygen functional groups renders graphene oxide suitable for a diverse array of applications, such as composite polymers, energy conversion materials, environmental safeguards, sensors, transistors, and optical components. This versatility is attributable to its outstanding electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Among the various methodologies for graphene oxide synthesis, the modified Hammer method stands out for its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and high yield. This research delves into the structural analysis of graphene oxide obtained through the Hammer method, utilizing commercially available graphite. The study involves the creation of membranes based on carboxymethylcellulose (NC) that integrate dispersed graphene oxide (GO) sheets. These novel membranes, as well as pristine graphene oxide, were subjected to a comprehensive array of analytical techniques including XRD, XPS, Raman, FTIR, and SEM microscopy. Additionally, electrophysical characterizations were undertaken employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The investigation uncovered that the introduction of NC into the graphene oxide matrix significantly enhances the electron conductivity of the composite membrane. Simultaneously, the presence of graphene oxide contributes to the mechanical robustness and thermomechanical stability of the membrane structure. The principal impetus behind this article lies in furnishing vital insights into the physical and structural attributes of graphene oxide membranes relevant to their deployment in hydrogen energy applications.
Keywords: Hammers method, graphene oxide, nanocellulose, XRD, XPS, IR Fourier spectroscopy, impedance spectroscopy (EIS)
Cite this article as: Almasov NZH, Kurbanova BA, Kuanyshbekov TK, Akatan K, Kabdrakhmanova SK, Aimaganbetov KP. Study of the structure and electrical properties of graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide+nanocellulose (GO+NC). Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 329(2):103-109. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.21
Title: Synthesis of Biodegradable Polymer-Based on Starch for Packaging Films: A Review
Authors: Iskalieva A., Orazalin Zh., Yeligbayeva G., Irmukhametova G., Taburova S., Toktar T.
Abstract: Due to their crucial qualities and functionalities, polymers have received a lot of attention in recent years as food packaging materials. These characteristics include non-toxicity, ease of availability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, showing their promise as an alternative to traditional plastic packaging, which has long been under investigation for its environmental impact. Given the present emphasis on sustainable development, research into biopolymers as eco-friendly and sustainable food packaging materials is critical. The synthesis of biodegradable polymers-based on starch represents a significant stride towards sustainable packaging solutions. As the global demand for eco-friendly materials continues to grow, ongoing research and innovation in this field are poised to lead to the development of starch-based packaging films with improved properties and widespread commercial applications. As a result, the primary goal of this review is to create a biodegradable polymer based on corn-starch and PVA with strong physicomechanical characteristics for usage in plastic bags.
Keywords: Polymers, biodegradability, packaging, plastic bags.
Cite this article as: Iskalieva A, Orazalin Zh, Yeligbayeva G, Irmukhametova G, Taburova S, Toktar T. Synthesis of Biodegradable Polymer-Based on Starch for Packaging Films: A Review. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2024; 329(2):110-130. https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.22
