Title: Effect of Infill Patterns and Print Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of Manufactured Polylactic Acid Parts
Authors: Hamoud M., Abdal-Aziz O., Barakat A., Gad A.
Abstract: The fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique produces function models of various thermoplastic polymers and is one of the most commonly utilized additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. The purpose of this research is to study how combining infill pattern (CIP) and printing orientation affects tensile characteristics and building time. Polylactic acid (PLA) was chosen as a material for the specimen's fabrication. The print orientations were the on-long-edge and flat orientations. Because the product is built along the z-axis, the short-edge (up-right) orientation was not considered, resulting in minimal strength. The combinations of the infill patterns called Concentric, Cross, Triangle, Zigzag, Rectilinear, Cubic, Honeycomb, and Grid were investigated with 70% infill density and 0.15 mm layer thickness with a layer-by-layer strategy. The result indicates that the printing orientation significantly affected the tensile strength, especially in CIP specimens. The on-long edge orientation of the CIP specimen had higher tensile strength. The specimen Concentric/Triangle has the highest tensile strength in flat and on-long edge orientations of 30 MPa and 33 MPa, respectively. Still, the building time in flat orientation was long (25 min.) while the printing time in on-long orientation was short (29 min.). The honeycomb/Triangle combination represents lower tensile strength in both orientations of 19 MPa for flat and 20 MPa for on-long edge, but the building time in both orientations was long (14 min and 35 min, respectively). As a result, the specimen with the CIP has greater tensile strength than the single-infill pattern specimen. It was additionally found that when the Triangular pattern was combined with other patterns, the tensile strength of those patterns improved. CIP specimens built in an on-edge orientation had a higher tensile strength than those built in a flat orientation. In the triangle infill pattern, when combined with other patterns, the tensile strength of some samples enhanced while the others improved, while others decreased.
Keywords: Fused deposition modeling (FDM), additive manufacturing (AM), Polylactic acid (PLA), layer-by-layer, printing orientation, Combined infill patterns (CIP), build orientation.
Cite this article as: Hamoud M, Abdal-Aziz O, Barakat A , Gad A. Effect of Combined Infill Patterns and Print Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of Manufactured Polylactic Acid Parts. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2025; 334(3):5-18. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025/6445.23
Title: Methods for purifying table salt from the Bakhyt-Тany deposit
Authors: Urazkeldiyeva D.A., Kadirbayeva A.A., Minakovsky A.F., Sarypbekova N.K., Smailov B.M.
Abstract: This article discusses modern methods of purifying table salt from the Bakhyt-Tany deposits. Currently, the demand for various methods of production and processing of table salt is increasing. Therefore, high-quality purification of table salt and its effective use is one of the urgent tasks. As an object of study, salts were taken from the Bakhyt-Tany deposit, located in the Sozak district of the Turkestan region. The main goal of the scientific work is to study methods for purifying and processing sodium chloride from impurities. Modern analytical methods were used during scientific research. To determine the physicochemical properties of table salt, PEM JSM 6610 LV, X-ray microanalysis Inca Energy-450, energy dispersive system-fluorescence spectroscopy, IR-Fourier spectrometer were chosen. As a result of the research work, it turned out that using only the lime-soda method itself, it is possible to purify salt from calcium and magnesium ions up to 90-93%. It has been established that when using the phosphate method of purifying a saline solution, the degree of purification from calcium and magnesium ions increases to 95-97%. To further increase the degree of purification, it was recommended to first purify the solution using the lime-soda method, and then purify the solution using the phosphate method. It has been established that with this method the degree of purification can be increased to 99%.
Keywords: sodium chloride, brines, table salt, salt purification methods, sodium phosphate.
Cite this article as: Urazkeldiyeva DA, Kadirbayeva AA, Minakovsky AF, Sarybekova NK, Smailov BM. Methods for purifying table salt from the Bakhyt-Тany deposit. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2025; 334(3):19-25. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025/6445.24
Title: The effect of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Polysulfone membrane for Pb (II) ions removal in an aqueous solution
Authors: Nurul Qistina Ismail, Abdul Hafidz Yusoff, Noor Fazliani Shoparwe, Nur Nabihah Yusof, Muhammad Noorazlan, Nadiah Ameram, Mohammad M. Fares
Abstract: An unsustainable level of contamination increase is driven by industrialization, population growth and growth in developing countries. Contamination of heavy metal ions in wastewater such as Pb (II) are non-biodegradable and poses a serious threat to human health and other living things. One of the major methods for treating heavy metals contamination is by chemical precipitation. However, it produced hazardous sludge that requires further treatment and used a significant quantity of chemicals during the heavy metals treatment process due to its low impact on the environment. As a result, a membrane filtration method as an alternative treatment for treating heavy metals in wastewater has been investigated. In this study, the membranes were fabricated using the wet phase inversion method approach by incorporating polysulfone (PSF) polymer with dimethylacetamide (solvent) and inclusion of different concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (M1= 0 wt%, M2= 0.5 wt%, M3= 1.0 wt%, M4= 1.5 wt%, M5= 2.0 wt%). The fabricated membranes were tested to remove 50 mg/L Pb (II) ions in aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphological structures of membranes. Moreover, the structural characteristics of fabricated membranes were evaluated according to these parameters; contact angle, porosity and mean pores radius. Furthermore, the performance of the membrane was also evaluated for permeation and rejection flux by using dead-end cell filtration. The results indicate that the M4 membrane with 1.5 wt% SDS had the highest rejection rate (90.52%) for Pb (II) ions. This is likely due to the presence of macrovoids and a porous structure, as shown by SEM analyses. Other supporting evidence includes a lower contact angle (63.91o), higher water uptake (43.58%), higher porosity (85.21%), and a lower mean pore radius (6 nm) for the M4 membrane. The fouling mechanism model suggests that the complete blocking observed in the experimental data indicates that porous blockage occurred on the membrane's surface during the absorption of Pb (II) ions. In conclusion, compared to the pure membrane, it becomes evident that the addition of SDS into the membrane solution enhanced the properties of the membranes. The M4 membrane with a composition of 1.5 wt% concentration SDS demonstrated optimal filtration for removing Pb (II) ions in a water treatment process due to excellent properties mentioned above.
Keywords: polysulfone; sodium dodecyl sulfate; lead; membrane filtration; phase inversion.
Cite this article as: Nurul Qistina Ismail et al. The effect of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Polysulfone membrane for Pb (II) ions removal in an aqueous solution. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2025; 334(3):26-36. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025/6445.25
Title: Effect of soapstock in the composition of modified additive for improving strength characteristics of concrete structures
Authors: Dyussembinov D.S., Lukpanov R.E., Altynbekova A.D., Zhantlesova Zh.B., Talal Awwad
Abstract: The article presents the results of research on the influence of soapstock used in the composition of two-component modified additive. Standard tests of beam samples for flexural and compressive strength, and standard cubic samples for water absorption and frost resistance were performed. Tests were performed for samples with different contents of soapstock (Sp): 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 % by weight of cement, microsilica and phosphogypsum. The strength measurements of the beam samples showed that the maximum effect concerning the increase in material strength was achieved at 5% of the soapstock content. However, it should be noted that the subsequent decrease in strength with increasing concentration of soapstock is not significant, up to Sp=10% does not exceed 1%. Thus, the optimal concentration of soapstock, at which the maximum effect on the strength of the material will be achieved, is 5-10%. The obtained curve of dependence of water absorption change on the soapstock concentration showed the optimal gradient of water absorption, which corresponds to Sp=10%. With further increase of soapstock, the decrease of water absorption index is not significant. Tests on frost resistance showed that the maximum resistance to cyclic freezing is observed in samples with Sp=10%, further increase reduces frost resistance. The regularity in the increase of frost resistance with increasing concentration of soapstock is logical because with each increase in concentration, the hydrophobization of the material increases. However, if the hydrophobicity of samples with Sp=12.5%, although not significantly, still increases about Sp=10%, the frost resistance decreases.
Keywords: foam concrete, two-component modified additive, technological scheme, soapstock, strength properties, water absorption, frost resistance.
Cite this article as: Dyussembinov DS, Lukpanov RE, Altynbekova AD, Zhantlesova ZhB, Talal Awwad. Investigation of soapstock influence on physical and mechanical properties used as a part of two-component modified additive. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2025; 334(3):37-50. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025/6445.26
Title: Modeling the influence of technological parameters of the magnetron sputtering process using the Caroline D12C system on the proportion of nanocrystallites in the structure of thin silicon films
Authors: Tolubaev K.S., Zhautikov B.A., Zobnin N.N., Dairbekova G.S., Kabieva S.K., Al-Kasasbeh R.T.
Abstract: The experimental dependence of the fraction of nano-sized modification of silicon in thin films obtained by magnetron sputtering on the main technological indicators of the process - specific power on the target, pressure in the working chamber, pulsation frequency of the voltage supplied to the target - has been studied. The data was processed using the method of multiple correlation-regression analysis and a corresponding mathematical model was obtained that describes the experimental dependence. It has been established that the specific power at the target does not significantly affect the fraction of nanosilicon in the film. The voltage frequency on the target has only a positive effect and is therefore limited only by the technical capabilities of the sputtering equipment. The pressure in the working chamber has an optimal value because in the mathematical model for this factor there are both positive and negative coefficients. When analyzing the model by calculation, it was found that the largest proportion of nanosilicon in the film, 75.06%, is achieved at a voltage frequency on the target of 100 Hz and pressure in the working chamber of 1.9 Pa. These data are preliminary due to the limited number of experiments.
Keywords: Nanosized silicon, magnetron sputtering, Caroline D12C, film, mathematical modeling, correlation-regression analysis, target.
Cite this article as: Tolubaev KS, Zhautikov BA, Zobnin NN, Dairbekova GS, Kabieva SK, Al-Kasasbeh RT. Modeling the influence of technological parameters of the magnetron sputtering process using the Caroline D12C system on the proportion of nanocrystallites in the structure of thin silicon films. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2025; 334(3):51-58. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025/6445.27
Title: Physical and chemical study of manganese dioxide sorbent after sorption of lithium from brines
Authors: Abdulvaliyev R.A., Karshyga Z.B., Yersaiynova A.A., Yessengaziyev A.M., Orynbayev B.M., Kvyatkovskaya M.N.
Abstract: The article presents the results of the study for the synthesized manganese dioxide sorbent after its saturation with lithium from brine. The sorbent was previously prepared. For this purpose the mixture of manganese oxide compounds was kept with lithium hydroxide in a wet state at 125 °C, calcinated at 450 °C and then the precursor was treated with dilute hydrochloric acid. The process intended to saturate the sorbent with lithium was performed by putting it in contact with a lithium-containing brine with a pH of 8.77 at T = 40°C for 24 hours in four cycles. The sorbent after saturation was studied using X-ray phase and thermal analysis methods. X-ray phase analysis showed that lithium-containing phases are represented by such compounds as Li(Li0.17Mn0.83)2O4 and Li0.78Mn1.88O4. The results of thermal analysis show the possibility of phases to be in the sorbent after saturation LiMn2O4 and Li1,3Mn2O4 phases. The study results showed that ion-exchange interaction takes place between the lithium-ion from the brine and the proton from the manganese-oxide spinel composition to a greater extent during sorption. Besides, the redox nature of the interaction is present during the sorption of lithium. All lithium intercalation reactions proceed topotactically without significant changes in the main structure of the original sorbent.
Keywords: lithium, brine, sorbent, manganese dioxide, sorption, exchange capacity.
Cite this article as: Abdulvaliyev RA, Karshyga ZB. Yersaiynova AA, Yessengaziyev AM, Orynbayev BM, Kvyatkovskaya MN.Physical and chemical study of manganese dioxide sorbent after sorption of lithium from brines. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2025; 334(3):59-69. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025/6445.28
Title: Silicon Refining by Growing Crystallites in a Hypereutectic Melt of Aluminum with Silicon
Authors: Protopopov A.V., Protopopov M.A., Suleimenov E.A., Altynbekov R.F.
Abstract: Silicon is an essential chemical element that plays a very important role in life support on our planet. There is no single area of life on Earth where this most common chemical element is not present; its content is 27-30% of the mass of the Earth's crust. The most common form of its presence in the earth's crust is silicon dioxide, that is, silica. Silica is the main raw material source for semiconductor silicon for modern electrical engineering (production of diodes, transistors, photocells, and integrated circuits). Silicon is widely used in special materials science (alloying special steels, refining melts, and producing aluminum-silicon alloys (silumins). Reducing the cost of high-purity silicon can be achieved by reducing the temperature of the refining process of technical silicon. This scientific work examines the implementation of refining silicon in eutectic silicon melts with aluminum. Crystallization of silicon in hypereutectic melts below the liquidus temperature of the Si-Al phase equilibrium system occurs through the formation of silicon crystallization nuclei from clusters on the surface of the crystallizer - electrodes (rods) made of silicon with a temperature, which is below the temperature of the hypereutectic melt liquidus. The article describes methods for obtaining high-purity silicon and provides scientific justification for the implementation of such a task. The proposed method for producing high-purity silicon has so far been little studied and is of scientific and economic interest, since it can be carried out at relatively low temperatures, for example below 900°C. An important feature of eutectic melts is the stoichiometric content of components, which was the reason for the assumption of the molecular structure of eutectic melts. Eutectic molecules are, in our opinion, compounds of silicon and aluminum clusters.
Keywords: silicon, aluminum, cluster, crystallite, liquation, crystallization.
Cite this article as: Protopopov AV, Protopopov MA, Suleimenov EA, Altynbekov RF. Silicon refining by growing crystallites in a hypereutectic melt of aluminum with silicon. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2025; 334(3):70-77. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025/6445.29
Title: Technology for extraction of Pb, Cu, Zn from a feed based on lead cake from leached dust generated by reduction-oxidation blowing of melt
Authors: Dosmukhamedov N.K., Zholdasbay E.E., Argyn A.A., Icheva Yu.B., Klyshbekova Zh.E.
Abstract: The paper presents the theoretical basis and results of processing a mixture of complex types and compositions, based on lead cake, obtained after the preliminary removal of arsenic from dust and its subsequent leaching with sulfuric acid. The main goal of the technology is to involve the processing of substandard intermediate products of lead production together with lead cake and the selective extraction of non-ferrous metals into commercial products: copper into matte; lead - into rough lead: zinc - into slag. Choice of the composition of the feed charge was carried out taking into account the volumes obtained in production and is represented by the following structure, %: lead cake - 50; copper-lead matte – 40; quartz flux – 10. It has been established that the best results, ensuring high complex extraction of copper, lead, zinc and arsenic into the targeted smelting products, are achieved with a consumption of natural gas 1.4 times higher than its consumption from the stoichiometric required quantity (SRQ) for the reduction of lead compounds to metal lead. The optimal time for blowing the melt with natural gas is 15 minutes. The optimal oxygen consumption when blowing the intermediate matte obtained after the first stage was 1.1 times higher than its stoichiometric required amount (SRQ) for the oxidation of zinc and iron sulfide with their further transfer in the form of oxides to slag. The duration of matte blowing is 10 minutes. With the optimal established parameters, high technological indicators of the technology were achieved: extraction of lead into rough lead - 98.6%; copper in matte – 98.5%; zinc in slag – 94.1%.
Keywords: lead cake, feed charge, intermediate products, reduction blowing, oxidation blowing, copper, lead, zinc, extraction.
Cite this article as: Dosmukhamedov NK, Zholdasbay EE, Argyn AA, Icheva YuB, Klyshbekova ZhE. Technology for extraction of Pb, Cu, Zn from a feed based on lead cake from leached dust generated by reduction-oxidation blowing of melt. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2025; 334(3):78-90. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025/6445.30
Title: Optimization of joint electric smelting of the Shalkiya sulfide ore and its beneficiation tailings with medium-silicon ferrosilicon production
Authors: Shevko V.M., Makhambetova B.A., Aitkulov D.K., Badikova A.D.
Abstract: Flotation beneficiation of the Shalkiya deposit high-silicon sulfide ore, containing 4-6% of Σ Pb and Zn, is ineffective, with the extraction of ˂80% of zinc and ˂60% of lead into the concentrate and the formation of up to 0.93 t of tailings per 1 ton of the ore. The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the processing of a mixture of the Shalkiya ore and its beneficiation tailings by electric smelting in the presence of coke, steel cuttings and magnetite concentrate, which acts as a sulfide oxidizer and iron supplier. The effect of coke and the iron replacement degree in magnetite concentrate with iron in steel cuttings on the silicon extraction in the alloy and its content in the alloy was studied using the method of planning experiments and their optimization. It was established that from 75 to 82.8% of silicon is extracted from the mixture into the silicon-containing alloy. The silicon content in the alloy varies from 30 to 44.2%. The formation of FeSi45 grade ferrosilicon, containing 41-47.7% of silicon, occurs during the smelting of the mixture of ore and tailings with a ratio of 1:1 in the presence of 26.8-33.0% of coke and the replacement of iron from magnetite concentrate with iron from steel cuttings from 19.4 to 97%. The sublimates formed during the electric smelting contain 25.2% of Zn and 11.7% of Pb. They are 9.4 times richer in ΣZn and Pb compared to the base mixture.
Keywords: sulfide ore, beneficiation tailings, lead-zinc ore, electric smelting, zinc sublimate, ferrosilicon.
Cite this article as: Shevko VM, Makhambetova BA, Aitkulov DK, Badikova AD. Optimization of joint electric smelting of Shalkiya sulfide ore and its concentration tailings to produce medium-silicon ferrosilicon. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2025; 334(3):91-98. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025/6445.31
Title: Development of an Enhanced Method for Copper Extraction from Sulfuric Acid Solutions
Authors: Chepushtanova T.A., Yessirkegenov M.I., Nikoloski A., Merkibayev Y.S., Altmyshbayeva A.Zh.
Abstract: The paper presents a method for the extraction of copper from sulfuric acid solutions, which reduces the consumption of sulfuric acid, increases the extraction of copper and the quality of cathode copper, and reduces the undesirable formation of the third-phase crud. The main results of copper extraction, including 2-3 stepwise extraction of copper, are presented. The extraction is carried out by mixing sulfuric acid solutions with a solution of a chelating, selective extractant of the aldoxime group (10 vol.%) and separating the mixture by settling to obtain a copper-containing extract and extraction raffinate, with the suppression of the third phase-crud due to the dissolution of polymerized silicon bonds in the cruds with a monomeric polymer (H2C═CHC6H4SO3Na)n poly(4-sodium styrene sulfonate). This is achieved by adding 5 cm³ of the polymer, influenced by the surfactant complex of sodium alkyl sulfonate, with an O/A ratio of 1:2 and a temperature of 20±5°C. Subsequent re-extraction of copper from the extract is carried out by mixing the extract with a sulfuric acid solution and separating the mixture by settling to obtain a copper-containing re-extraction and an extractant solution. The re-extract is purified from impurities, and copper is extracted electrically from the purified re-extract to obtain cathode copper and waste electrolyte. A method for calculating the technical and economic choice of an extraction apparatus has also been developed.
Keywords: SX-EW; copper; solvent extraction; crud, intensifying method; sulfuric acid solutions
Cite this article as: Chepushtanova TA, Yessirkegenov MI, Nikoloski A, Merkibayev YS, Altmyshbayeva AZh. Development of an Enhanced Method for Copper Extraction from Sulfuric Acid Solutions. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2025; 334(3):99-109. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025/6445.32
Title: Evaluation of modern methods and techniques for calculating parameters during coal bed degassing
Authors: Rabatuly M., Demin V.F., Kenetaeva A.A., Steflyuk Yu.Yu., Toshov J.B.
Abstract: The modern strategy for the development of underground coal mining in the Karaganda basin provides for the development of the concept of reforming the mining fund, ensuring a high level of concentration and intensification of mining operations with increasing the load on the treatment face to 5-6 thousand tons per day. At the same time, the main deterrent factor is the high methane content of the coal seams of the basin, which reaches 30-40 m3/t of coal. The high gas content of the coal seams being developed and their satellites is one of the main causes of methane explosions in mines, leading to violations of the technological regime and irretrievable loss of life. The problem of degassing minefields has always been and is among the priority areas that require prompt solutions. Gas dynamic phenomena and sudden methane emissions are accompanied by human casualties, and large material and financial losses, and are 25-30% of the cause of the total number of accidents that occurred in coal mines of the CIS countries in the last decade. The article evaluates progressive methods of degassing high-gas-bearing, explosive formations to reduce the methane content and ensure the safety of the operation of coal mines in the Karaganda region, taking into account modern experience and achievements in this field.
Keywords: methane, gas flow rate, gas output, methane abundance, coal mines, degassing, mining technology, minefields, gas dynamic phenomena, formation.
Cite this article as: Rabatuly M, Demin VF, Kenetaeva AA, Steflyuk YuYu, Toshov JB. Evaluation of modern methods and techniques for calculating parameters during coal bed degassing. Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2025; 334(3):110-120. https://doi.org/10.31643/2025/6445.33
