№4 (2019)

Title

The effect of blend copolymers on physico-mechanical properties of mortar

Authors

Bekbayeva L., El-Sayed Negim, Yeligbayeva G., Ganjian E.

Author´s

information

Bekbayeva L. - Ph.D. student, School of Chemical and Biological Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0804-1259. E-mail: lyazzat_bk2019@mail.ru    

El-Sayed Negim- Ph.D. Professor, School of Chemical Engineering, Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4370-8995. E-mail: elashmawi5@yahoo.com

G. Yeligbayeva- Ph.D. Professor, School of Chemical and Biological Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan. ORCID ID: . E-mail: gulzhakh@yandex.ru   

E. Ganjian- PhD. Professor School of Energy, Construction and Environment, Faculty of Engineering, Environment & Computing, Sir John Laing Building, JL138, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 2HF, the UK. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1522-1434. E-mail: cbx111@coventry.ac.uk

Abstract

The present study investigates the effect of blend copolymers on the physico-mechanical properties of mortar mixes. Blend copolymers were synthesized based on poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and urea (U) in aqueous solution with different blend ratios 65/35, 50/50 and 35/65 respectively, using glacial acetic acid as crosslinking. Physico-mechanical properties of mortar examined included water/cement ratio, setting time, workability, water absorption and compressive strength. The addition of blend copolymers to the mortar affected the physico-mechanical properties of mortar mixes. As the content of PVA increases in the blend copolymers, the water of consistency decrease, whereas the setting times (initial & final) were shortened. The compressive strength of the hardened cement pastes was increased at all ages of hydration while water absorption decreased.

Keywords

Mortar, PVA, urea, cement, compressive strength, workability.

References

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Title

Synthesis of finely dispersed forms of zinc oxide doped with rare-earth elements (review)

Authors

Kemelbekova А.E., Mukhamedshina D.M.

Author´s

information

Kemelbekova Ainagul Erzhanovna - Master of technical sciences, Satbayev University, The Institute of Physics and Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan. ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4813-8490, E-mail: a.kemelbekova@mail.ru

Mukhamedshina Daniya Mahmudovna - Candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, The Institute of Physics and Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Abstract

The paper summarizes the literature data, considers methods for producing highly dispersed forms of zinc oxide doped with rare earth elements. Alloying ZnO with rare earths and 4d transition elements is a popular method of manipulating the optical properties of ZnO systems. These systems may also have their own ferromagnetism due to their magnetic moment transmitted to 4f and 4d electrons. Investigations of authors in this field with the aim of using ZnO in metal / oxide composites are also described: the properties of zinc oxide doped REM powders obtained by various technological methods are studied. We studied the work on obtaining the described structures, the selection of the best technological parameters for the growth of thin films. In connection with the development of nanotechnology, REE compounds have become even more popular and are used to produce nanoluminophores, thin films, microporous membranes, and sol-gel glasses.

Keywords

zinc oxide, rare earth elements, phosphors, CVD method, hydrothermal method, micropowder.

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Title

Synthesis and characterization of vinyl acetate graft copolymers

Authors

Myrzakhanov Maxat, El-Sayed Negim, Mohammad Nasir

Author´s

information

Myrzakhanov Maxat Makhmudovich – PhD student at Satbayev University, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7769-6251, e-mail: m_myrzakhanov@yahoo.com

El-Sayed Negim – PhD, professor, JSC “Kazakh-British Technical University”, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4370-8995, e-mail: elashmawi5@yahoo.com   

Mohamad Nasir – PhD, Associate professor at School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti of Sains Malaysia, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6784-5775. e-mail: mnm@usm.my

Abstract

Graft copolymer P(mPEG-g-VAc) have been prepared by the graft polymerization with a different ratios of mPEG with Mn=2000 macromonomers and Vinyl acetate VAc in the presence of benzoyl peroxide as an initiator using a macro radical initiator technique under influence of heating in toluene has been observed. The graft copolymer P(mPEG-g-VAc) thus formed was characterized with scanning electron microscope SEM, nuclear magnetic resonance ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, differential scanning calorimeter DSC, thermo gravimetric analyzer TGA and Fourier transform infrared FT-IR techniques. The results of characterization techniques shows formation of copolymer P(mPEG-g-VAc) while the optimum condition among the studied parameters were as follows; monomer concentration 0.4 mole L^-1, ratio (10:90), reaction temperature is 60-85 ⁰C and reaction time is 3 h.

Keywords

polyethylene glycol methyl ether, vinyl acetate, free radical polymerization, catalyst, characterization.

References

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[15] Kenzhaliyev B. K. Innovative technologies providing enhancement of nonferrous, precious, rare and rare earth metals extraction // Kompleksnoe Ispol’zovanie Mineral’nogo Syr’a (Complex Use of Mineral Resources). – 2019. – №3 (310). -Page: 64-75. (In Eng.). https://doi.org/.10.31643/2019/6445.30

[16] El-Sayed, N., Bekbayeva , L., & Omurbekova , K. Synthesis and characterization of anticorrosion emulsion latexes for metal. Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ (Complex Use of Mineral Resources). 307(4), 140–148 2018, (In Eng). https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.40

Title

Disposal of slag of refined ferrochromium by obtaining a sintered and carbonized construction products

Authors

Sariyev O.R., Musabekov Z.B., Dossekenov M.S.

Author´s

information

Sariyev Otegen Rafhatovich – docent of the Department of metallurgy and mining technical faculty of K.Zhubanov Aktobe regional state university. Candidate of technical Sciences. E-mail: rafhatsson@mail.ru

Musabekov Zhalgasbay Bereketovich – master student of the Department of metallurgy and mining technical faculty of K.Zhubanov Aktobe regional state university, Kazakhstan.

Dossekenov Murat Sagitzhanovich – engineer of the Department of metallurgy and mining technical faculty of K.Zhubanov Aktobe regional state university, Kazakhstan. E-mail: dossekenov.ms@mail.ru   ORCID ID:  0000-0003-2483-8118

Abstract

The article investigates the material composition of refined ferrochromium slag. It has been confirmed that the main compound in the slag is dicalcium silicate. The disposal problem of self-disintegration slag in the current production of refined ferrochromium can be solved by controlling its basic capacity with obtaining stabilized lump slag that is not influenced to silicate decomposition. This became the basis to researches the production of non-disintegrating burnt construction products from slags using low-melting silica-containing additives that reduce the slag basicity. Briquettes roasting containing from 20 to 30% additives in the temperature range of 1200-1225 °C showed the possibility of obtaining ceramic construction products. Material analysis of the slag also showed that the slag components, such as calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, are compounds prone to the formation of carbonates, which leads to the setting between the slag particles. Which makes it possible to obtain construction products in the process of autoclaving processing of bricks from the slag in the carbon dioxide environment. The influence of fineness, slag moisture, and the dwell time of products in an autoclave in the carbon dioxide environment on the strength of the resulting pellets were evaluated in this paper. It was determined that moderate humidity, in addition to increasing ductility during pellet molding, also increases the strength of products after carbonization. Excessive grinding of slag negatively affected on the quality of the pellets. The increase in compression force during the pellets formation, on the contrary, increased the strength of the products. An increase in the duration of carbonization at constant pressure had a positive effect on the strength increase of pellets.

Keywords

self-disintegration slag, recycling, construction products, sintering, carbonization.

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[22] Kenzhaliyev B. K. Innovative technologies providing enhancement of nonferrous, precious, rare and rare earth metals extraction // Kompleksnoe Ispol’zovanie Mineral’nogo Syr’a (Complex Use of Mineral Resources). – 2019. – №3 (310). -Page: 64-75, (In Eng.). https://doi.org/.10.31643/2019/6445.30

Title

Silver, gold and palladium leaching from electronic scrap using bromine- bromide solution

Authors

Kogan V.S.,  Berkovich I.V.

Author´s

information

Kogan Vladimir Samuilovich - Ph.D. in Chemistry, Head of the Research Department of All Recycling Ltd, Petah Tikva, Israel, ORCID ID:  0000-0002-8080-0512, E-mail: vladimir@atrecycling.com

Berkovich Ilya Viktorovich - Engineer-technologist of the Research Department of All Recycling Ltd, Petah Tikva, Israel, ORCID ID:  0000-0003-3497-4017, E-mail: ilya.berkovich1977@gmail.com

Abstract

This study investigated the thermodynamics and kinetics of gold and accompanying noble metals, such as silver, palladium and platinum, leached from the electronic scrap by bromine-bromide solutions. Theoretical and practical analysis of the behavior of gold in the traditional Br₂ - Br^- - H₂O system confirmed the fact that in a neutral and slightly acidic medium, when bromine hydrolysis proceeds slightly, a bromine in bromide solution can be used to leach gold. In this case, bromine-bromide leaching compared with cyanidation is more favorable in terms of kinetics and selectivity. In particular, when brominated in a neutral medium as a result of the formation of a passivating copper monovalent copper (Cu₂O) film on the surface of copper particles, copper does not go into solution, while copper forms stable soluble anionic complexes with cyanide. For the first time in order to stabilize the pH in the alkaline area the conditions for gold leaching in the presence of a phosphate buffer solution (NaH₂PO₄) were investigated. The effect of the pH of the leach solution, the concentration of active bromine, bromide ions and the concentration of the buffer solution on the leaching kinetics of gold was studied. It was established experimentally that a noticeable dissolution of gold begins at pH ≤ 8, and at pH 6, almost all gold passes into the solution. A sufficient concentration of active bromine under these conditions can be considered 6.6 g · dm^-3 Br₂ at a bromide concentration of 20 g · dm^-3 NaBr. Leaching with the productive solution turnover made it possible to reduce the consumption of bromine from 89-95 to 20-32 kg Br₂ per ton of scrap and raise the concentration of gold from 76 to 195 mg · dm^-3. In this paper, it was first shown that silver and palladium in the system under study (pH = 5-6) begin to dissolve noticeably only at high concentrations of bromide ions. Complete dissolution of palladium is achieved with an excess of bromide ions and pH values of 1.5-2.0. Platinum turned out to be more resistant to bromine-bromide leaching because of the formation of a sparingly soluble platinum dibromide on its surface.

Keywords

gold hydrometallurgy, computer scrap, thermodynamics and kinetics of noble metal dissolution with bromine, phosphate buffer solution.

References

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[7] Sousa et al. Bromine leaching as an alternative method for gold dissolution // Minerals Engineering 118:16-23- March 2018- P. 16-23 (In Eng.). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2017.12.019

[16] Kenzhaliyev B. K. Innovative technologies providing enhancement of nonferrous, precious, rare and rare earth metals extraction // Kompleksnoe Ispol’zovanie Mineral’nogo Syr’a (Complex Use of Mineral Resources). – 2019. – №3 (310). -Page: 64-75. (In Eng.). https://doi.org/.10.31643/2019/6445.30

[17] Kogan V.S., Berkovich I.V. Silver, gold and palladium leaching from pre-preparedelectronic scrap using bromine-bromide solution // Kompleksnoe Ispol’zovanie Mineral’nogo Syr’a (Complex Use of Mineral Resources). – 2019. – №3 (310). – P. 55-63 (In Eng.). https://doi.org/10.31643/2019/6445.29

Title

Study of the effect of plasticizers and thermoplastics on the mechanical properties of epoxy and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (Review)

Authors

Mustafa L.M., Yermakhanova A.M., Ismailov M.B., Sanin A.F.

Author´s

information

L.M. Mustafa – Ph.D. student, Senior Researcher of  “National Centre for space research and technology” JSC, Almaty, Kazakhstan. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9779-0007. E-mail: mustafa_Laura@mail.ru

M.B.Ismailov –  Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Director of the Department of Space Materials Science and Instrumentation of “National Centre for space research and technology” JSC, Almaty, Kazakhstan. E-mail m.ismailov@spacers.kz

A.M.Yermakhanova – Ph.D., Junior Researcher of “National Centre for space research and technology” JSC, Almaty, Kazakhstan. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2145-5122. E-mail: a.yermakhanova@mail.ru

A.F.Sanin – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Aircraft Production Technologies of «Dnipro National University» named after Oles Honchar, Dnipro, Ukraine. E-mail: sanin56@mail.ru

Abstract

Increasing strength of epoxide resin (ER) and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP)  is an aim up-to-date for many machinery sections: space, aviation, defense, automotive, and others. The aim is achieved via numerous methods of ER and carbon fiber reinforced plastic modifications. ER modifications is carried through injection of various chemical compounds. One of efficient modifications assumes introduction of plasticizers (tricresyl phosphate, oleic acid) or thermoplastics (polysulfone, polycarbonate, polystyrene, high impact polystyrene). The article contains experimental data of various types of modifiers influence on strength of ER  and CFRP available in literature. The mechanism of modifying ER and CFRP with plasticizers and thermoplastics were analyzed. The introduction of plasticizers as ER modifiers leads to a twofold improvement in impact strength. The optimal input of plasticizers in ER is 15% and depends on the completeness of solubility in the binder, a further increase in the input of plasticizer leads to a decrease in the strength of the material. Modification of thermoplastics with CFRP can lead to an improvement in compression strength by 20% and impact strength by 2 times. With the introduction of thermoplastics over 20% in CFRP, strength indicators are reduced. The acquired data is necessary to elaborate domestic technology for production of high-impact CFRP.

Keywords

epoxy resin, modifiers, plasticizers, thermoplastics, heat treatment, impact strength, strength.

References

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[26] Kenzhaliyev B. K. Innovative technologies providing enhancement of nonferrous, precious, rare and rare earth metals extraction // Kompleksnoe Ispol’zovanie Mineral’nogo Syr’a (Complex Use of Mineral Resources). – 2019. – №3 (310). -Page: 64-75  (In Eng.).  https://doi.org/.10.31643/2019/6445.30

[27] Yermakhanova A. M., Ismailov M. B. Vliyaniye uglerodnykh nanotrubok na protsess otverzhdeniya i prochnost' epoksidnoy smoly. // Kompleksnoe Ispol’zovanie Mineral’nogo Syr’a. – 2018. – №4. – P. 105-114 (In Eng.). https://doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.36

Title

Iron sulphates production being polarized by the direct and alternating currents

Authors

Bayeshova A. K., Bayeshov A., Zhumabay F. M., Shakenova M. Sh.

Author´s

information

Bayeshova Azhar Kospanovna - professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9076-8130, E-mail: azhar_b@bk.ru  

Bayeshov Abduali  - Academician of the Academy of Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Doctor of chemical science, Professor. “D.V. Sokolskiy Institute of Fuel, Catalysis and Electrochemistry” JSC, Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan. ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0745-039X, E-mail: bayeshov@mail.ru

Zhumabay Fatima Mukhambetzhankyzy  –  PhD student,  Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8914-9375, E-mail: zhumabay_fati@mail.ru

Shakenova Madina Shalkarovna - Master student at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan. ORCIDID:0000-0002-0164-6239, E-mail: ahmadiyeva@gmail.com

Abstract

The process of iron oxidation in the sulfate electrolytes was studied by the method of electrochemical polarization by the steady and transient currents. Initially, in the first electrolyzer, the iron electrodes were oxidized under the influence of alternating current. The results of iron oxidation in the first electrolyzer were monitored by determining the weight loss of the iron electrodes. An almost rectilinear increase in the mass of iron is established to be observed, which passed into the solution in the form of Fe²⁺ ions when the current density changes in the range of 80-400 A / m². The current efficiency is close to 100%, and sometimes exceeds 100%, since the chemical dissolution of iron in sulfuric acid also occurs simultaneously. The iron sulfate (II) can be obtained by evaporation of the solution. After that, the sulfate solution containing iron ions (II) was sent to the second electrolyzer, in which the oxidation of iron (II) to iron (III) was carried out under the direct current. The electrode spaces were separated by an MA-40 anion exchange membrane. Over 90% of iron (II) was demonstrated to be transfers into the trivalent state within 1 hour in the second electrolyzer at a current density of 120 A / m². A change in the current density to 600 A / m² leads to an increase in the oxidation state to 97.5%, i.e. iron ions (II) are almost completely oxidized under the specified conditions.  As a result of the experiments, an electrochemical method for producing iron sulfate (III) was developed.

Keywords

iron, electrolyte, sulfate, electrolysis, alternating current.

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Title

Study of the influence of fine fillers from technogenic waste and chemical additives on the properties of self-compacting concrete

Authors

Yelbek Utepov, Daniyar Akhmetov, Ilnur Akhmatshaeva, Yelena Root

Author´s

information

Utepov Ye. -  Ph.D., L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6723-175X. E-mail: utepov-elbek@mail.ru  

Akhmetov D. - Doctor of Technical Sciences, NIISTROMPROJECT LLP, Almaty, Kazakhstan, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0978-6452. E-mail: dan-akhmetov@yandex.kz

Akhmatshaeva I. - Master of Engineering, NIISTROMPROJECT LLP, Almaty, Kazakhstan, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3580-029X. E-mail: ilnura_elya@mail.ru

Root Y. - Master of Engineering, NIISTROMPROJECT LLP, Almaty, Kazakhstan, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8690-3806. E-mail: project_manager@niistrom.kz

Abstract

The article is devoted to the researches considering the influence of various chemical additives and fine fillers (industrial wastes) available in the Republic of Kazakhstan on concrete mixes and concrete rheological and physical-technical properties. The article provides laboratory studies results of some of self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixtures properties. There were identified the most efficient type of fine-dispersed filler and the most optimal type of chemical additive to be able to get a high-quality SCC mix and a concrete with the class of B25 based on local raw materials. There were enlisted compositions of SCC with a high strength in early terms. The research results are of practical value in the forms of economic efficiency and quality improvement in the production of SCC mixes for manufacturers of ready-mixed concrete operating in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Keywords

workability, conservability, concrete strength, chemical additives, self-compacting concrete, fine aggregate.

References

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Title

Calcium nitrate generating out of nitrogen-acid solutions after breaking up slurries of titanium production 

Authors

Yessengaziyev A. M., Ultarakova A. A., Uldakhanov O. H. 

Author´s

information

Yessengaziyev Azamat Muratovich, PhD student, junior scientific employeer. “IMOB” JSC. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4989-4119. E-mail: esengazyev@yandex.ru

Ultarakova Almagul Amirovna, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Leading Researcher, “IMOB” JSC. ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9428-8508.  E-mail ult.alma@mail.ru

Uldhanov Orken Khamituly, Master student, engineer. “IMOB” JSC. ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5476-6560. E-mail: uldahan.orken@mail.ru

Abstract

This article provides the results of studies of qualitative, quantitative and material composition of titanium production slurry, which is man-made waste. The leaching of slurry parameters by nitric acid are studied: concentration, solid to liquid ratio, temperature and time. The effective leaching parameters were determined: 1.7 mol/l of nitric acid concentration, solid to liquid ratio = 1:8, pH<1, temperature 20±5 ºС, leaching time is 30 minutes. The rate of filtration was 0.035-0.044 m³/ m²×h. A gradual leaching method was used to improve the solutions filtration. At the beginning, the slurry was leached with a 0.5 mol/l HNO₃ solution at room temperature for 10 min at solid to liquid ratio = 1:10, the filtration rate was 0.062 m³/ m²×h. Then the cake was again leached with 3.5 mol / l HNO₃ at room temperature for 30 min at solid to liquid ratio = 1:10, the filtration rate was 0.094 m³/ m²×h. Calcium hydroxide or lime milk was selected as the reagent to precipitate impurities out of solutions. The content of impurities of iron, titanium and aluminum is significantly reduced when 2.8-5 pH values. The best purification of calcium nitrate solutions by lime milk was at pH 8. Calcium nitrate crystals were obtained by evaporation of a purified solution of 8 pH value out of a slurry leaching when 5% ammonium nitrate was added to it by weight of Ca(NO₃)₂. The dehydrated calcium nitrate was obtained by granulating 92-95% of the melt in the form of flakes at 90 °C of a surface temperature of the granulator plate. 

Keywords

leaching, chloride waste, nitric acid, filtration, precipitation, calcium nitrate, crystallization, granulation. 

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Title

Development of energy-efficient method for processing industrial waste 

Authors

Dikhanbayev B. I., Dikhanbayev A.B.

Author´s

information

Dikhanbaev Bayandy – professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences,Kazakh Agrotechnical University named after S. Seifullin, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan. E-mail: otrar_kz@mail.ru

Dikhanbaev Arystan Bayandyevich – senior teacher, Almaty University of Energetics and Communication. E-mail: arystan.d74@gmail.com

Abstract

An energy-saving method for processing technogenic waste has been developed — a smelt layer with inversion phase as a combination of “ideal” mixing and “ideal” displacement regimes. On its basis, a new generation of melting unit was created - the “reactor inversion phase - rotary kiln”. Experimental data show that in the inversion phase layer the specific fuel consumption for processing the “poor” on zinc and “rich” on zinc slags is approximately the same. The latter provision contradicts the prevailing opinion of metallurgists that the processing of slag with a zinc concentration of less than 5% is unprofitable. Сalculation results demonstrate that in case of implementation of an industrial sample of “reactor inversion phase - rotary kiln for processing “poor” slag, compared to the Waelz kiln processing “rich” slag, the specific consumption of fuel will be reduced by 1.5-1.7 times and specific productivity will increase 1.4-1.5 times. The industrial realization of “reactor inversion phase -rotary kiln” would allow cost-effective processing of fuming slag dumps, Waelz clinker, “poor” zinc ores, enrichment tails and other non-ferrous metal wastes. 

Keywords

energy-saving method, phase inversion reactor — tube furnace, “zinc-poor” slags, a combination of “ideal” mixing and displacement modes. 

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